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1.
本文在120~180℃范围内详细考察了欢三联和胜利直馏沥青在连续热和空气老化中化学族组成的变化.结果表明,随热和空气老化时同的增长,沥青的饱和烃组分含量基本不变,芳香烃组分含量逐渐减少,而沥青质组分含量逐渐增加.本文所提出的连串反应动力学模型很好地解释了石油沥青在连续的热和空气老化中化学族组成的变化规律,各组分含量的理论计算值与实测值相吻合,其差值一般小于3%.  相似文献   

2.
考察了单家寺和胜利直馏100号道路石油沥青及其组分在吸氧老化中化学族组成和平均结构参数的变化,结果表明,沥青的各组分变重,平均分子量增大;各种试样平均分子中的总碳数、总环数、缩合指数和芳香度增加;胶质和沥青质组分变化最明显,是沥青中最不稳定的组分;沥青吸氧确为缩合反应。两种沥青相比,吸氧量较多的胜利沥青及其组分的变化明显高于单家寺沥青及相应组分的变化。  相似文献   

3.
<正> 沥青是石油产品中具有特殊性质的粘稠弹性体,其使用性能与沥青的化学组成和胶体结构有密切关系,长期以来各国学者对这一领域进行大量研究。本文将近年来我们对我国原油直馏沥青的化学组成和使用性能研究的结果与国外几种直馏沥青的化学组成和使用性能做一对比,并结合我国原油的特点,对适宜生产直馏道路沥青的渣油的化学组成提出几点粗浅的看法,为生产选择合适的原料提供一些依据。  相似文献   

4.
利用100多组沥青数据对国内外学者提出的五个由沥青四组分计算软化点的公式进行了验证。结果表明,其标准偏差大多大于5℃,最高达24.4℃,尤其是乳化沥青误差更大。可见仅用四组分含量来计算沥青软化点是不够的,还必须考虑四组分的性质。  相似文献   

5.
利用生产生物柴油的残渣,经过物理分馏、冷凝过程获取可恢复老化沥青性能的生物再生剂。选择50号基质沥青进行短期老化试验,以沥青的针入度、软化点、延度为检验标准,发现添加生物再生剂的老化沥青性能可恢复到老化前标准;设定使再生沥青针入度恢复到50 1/10 mm的生物沥青掺量为最佳掺量,通过动态剪切试验(DSR)和沥青小梁弯曲试验(BBR)发现在最佳掺量条件下,再生沥青的高温抗变形能力和低温抗裂性均优于原50号基质沥青;与老化沥青相比,再生沥青高温抗变形能力略有下降,低温抗裂性大幅提高,证实了生物柴油残渣作为老化沥青再生剂的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
石油沥青及其组分吸氧老化中化学组成结构的变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
详细考察了单家寺和胜利直馏道路沥青(100号)及其组分在吸氧老化中化学族组成和平均结构参数的变化。结果表明,沥青的各组分变重,平均分子量增大;各种试样平均分子的总碳数、总环数、缩合指数和芳香度增加;胶质和沥青质组分变化最明显,是沥青中不稳定的组分。两种沥青相比,吸氧量较多的胜利沥青及其组分的变化明显高于单家寺沥青及其相应组分。  相似文献   

7.
沥青光氧老化研究进展   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
介绍了沥青的光氧老化机理,着重评述了现有的沥青及沥青混合料的光氧老化试验和老化后性能表征方法,阐述了改善沥青耐老化性能的途径。通过研究沥青光氧老化评价的方法,探索提高沥青抗光氧老化能力的途径具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

8.
磺化沥青的使用性能与原料沥青化学组成的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
曹建喜 《石油沥青》1995,9(2):26-30
磺化沥青的使用性能是由原料的化学组成和工艺条件决定的,特别是原料沥青决定了产品质量的稳定性.为了研究原料的化学组成对产品性能稳定性的影响,研究了沥青的饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质在正己烷溶剂存在条件下的反应活性,对不同化学组成的沥青,在同一工艺条件下所得的磺化沥青进行了产品理化性能分析,探讨了产品性能和原料沥青化学组成的关系.  相似文献   

9.
10.
石油沥青质的化学和物理:Ⅱ沥青质的化学组成和结构   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
王子军 《石油沥青》1996,10(1):26-36
本文详细综述了有关于石油沥青质的化学组成和化学结构方面的研究。由于沥青质本身的复杂性和分析手段的有限性,至今在分子水平上对沥青质的化学组成和结构了解得不很多,而且相当一部分结论是推测性的。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The knowledge of the factors affecting the susceptibility of asphalt to aging can be of help when selecting the asphalt binders for the construction of durable pavements. Investigated were the aging-induced changes in the chemical composition and colloidal nature of asphalts differing in origin and technology. It was shown that the course of the changes in the generic composition of asphalt upon aging under laboratory conditions depends on the chemical type of the feedstock from which the asphalt has been derived. During aging of the asphalts from the paraffin–naphthenic crudes, the resins undergo partial decomposition, which results in the increase of the cyclic fraction content. Although the increase of the asphaltene content in air-blown asphalts after the Thin Film Oven Test was found to be lower than that in the corresponding straight-run asphalts, the much higher value of the instability index and smaller size distribution of asphaltenes in the air-blown asphalts permit us to expect that their utilization as binders in pavement construction will lead to the reduction of pavement durability. It follows from the results of this study that not only the generic composition but also the structure of the fractions affect the resistance of asphalt to aging.  相似文献   

12.
The knowledge of the factors affecting the susceptibility of asphalt to aging can be of help when selecting the asphalt binders for the construction of durable pavements. Investigated were the aging-induced changes in the chemical composition and colloidal nature of asphalts differing in origin and technology. It was shown that the course of the changes in the generic composition of asphalt upon aging under laboratory conditions depends on the chemical type of the feedstock from which the asphalt has been derived. During aging of the asphalts from the paraffin-naphthenic crudes, the resins undergo partial decomposition, which results in the increase of the cyclic fraction content. Although the increase of the asphaltene content in air-blown asphalts after the Thin Film Oven Test was found to be lower than that in the corresponding straight-run asphalts, the much higher value of the instability index and smaller size distribution of asphaltenes in the air-blown asphalts permit us to expect that their utilization as binders in pavement construction will lead to the reduction of pavement durability. It follows from the results of this study that not only the generic composition but also the structure of the fractions affect the resistance of asphalt to aging.  相似文献   

13.
Naphthenic acids, separated from a bitumen and a furfural extract by extraction with solution of ammonia in ethylene glycol, have been added to the bitumen for the investigation of the influence on its properties. The results indicate that the ductility of the bitumen decreased and its penetration increased after mixed with these naphthenic acids. The data obtained also show that the naphthenic acids of furfural extract with lower molecular weight have greater impact on the ductility of bitumen than the naphthenic acids of bitumen with higher molecular weight.  相似文献   

14.
空化水射流是射流流场某点压力降至饱和蒸汽压以下,伴随有气泡产生、长大和破灭过程的一种新型射流,空泡溃灭产生瞬间高温和高压现象,伴随有H^+和OH^+等强氧化物质的产生。利用高温、高压及微射流等物理效应,可以显著地提高射流清洗、除锈、破碎效果及改善金属表面性能的能力。通过机械剪切、热解、自由基氧化和超临界水氧化等化学效应,可以对毒性难降解有机物进行化学降解。空化水射流在石油、矿业及环保等领域具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

15.
介绍了一种应用于油气藏流体PVT性质计算的组件PVT.OCX,可用于基本的PVT性质以及相态方面的计算,组件基于visual basic的ActiveX开发技术,提供了比较灵活的输入输出接口,使用时只需添加少量的输入输出代码即可完成相应的计算,支持vb,vc~(++),visual fortran,Excel vba等常用的编程工具。  相似文献   

16.
本文以不同类型且有一定粘度跨度的8类矿物基础油为研究对象,并选取了3种PAO合成油及烷基萘作为纯组分的对比例,系统考察了基础油中各烃类对密度、粘度、粘度指数等几项物理性质的影响,并尝试从理论的角度进行了分析。结果表明:随链烷烃的增加,密度、折射率、分子量均线性下降,粘度则呈指数降低;环烷烃对各项性质的影响不明显,但多环烷烃与分子量线性正相关,而与粘度则是指数正相关;芳烃的影响与链烷烃正好相反;碳数相近时,低芳烃基础油的粘度指数正比于链烷烃含量,但高芳烃基础油则随2环及以上多环芳烃的增加而急剧线性下降,这也正是环烷基油粘温性能极差的根本原因。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The simplest general compositional model considers asphalt to be made up of asphaltenes, heavy oils, and resins. In the present study the extent of similarity between the properties and composition of various types of asphalt obtained from different sources has been carefully explored. It shows how ductility, penetration, and softening point are related to the chemical nature of paving asphalts in the range 41–58 softening points. Asphalt properties are found to be a direct function of its chemical constituents. The relationship between softening point and asphaltene content was found to be linear while asphalts of the same softening point are easily distinguished by the content of the resins. Evaluation of the two asphalt indices—the asphaltene index (I A ) and the Gaestel index (I C ), reveals that they both vary linearly with the composition of asphaltenes and resins thus confirming their suitability in the characterization of asphalts. Comparison of the two indices shows that IC is more suitable in estimating the colloidal stability of different groups of asphalts. The observed correlations can be found useful in the areas of asphalt blending and rejuvenating through the appropriate selection of asphalt components.  相似文献   

18.
The simplest general compositional model considers asphalt to be made up of asphaltenes, heavy oils, and resins. In the present study the extent of similarity between the properties and composition of various types of asphalt obtained from different sources has been carefully explored. It shows how ductility, penetration, and softening point are related to the chemical nature of paving asphalts in the range 41-58 softening points. Asphalt properties are found to be a direct function of its chemical constituents. The relationship between softening point and asphaltene content was found to be linear while asphalts of the same softening point are easily distinguished by the content of the resins. Evaluation of the two asphalt indices—the asphaltene index (IA) and the Gaestel index (IC), reveals that they both vary linearly with the composition of asphaltenes and resins thus confirming their suitability in the characterization of asphalts. Comparison of the two indices shows that IC is more suitable in estimating the colloidal stability of different groups of asphalts. The observed correlations can be found useful in the areas of asphalt blending and rejuvenating through the appropriate selection of asphalt components.  相似文献   

19.
收集整理了聚乙二醇二甲醚的各项物化性质数据,并给出若干图表,可供天然气净化厂、城市煤气净化厂、石油化工厂、炼油厂、合成氨厂等有关气体净化的设计、科研和生产管理人员使用。  相似文献   

20.
王文 《金山油化纤》2006,25(2):56-58
研制专业的化工物性数据库,其包括乙烯、丙稀、水等2号高压低密度聚乙烯(2PE)装置常用物质的各种物性,包括焓、熵、密度、粘度、导热因数等,特别包含了高压和高温条件下的物性。该物性库的建立为2PE装置的设计计算提供了很大的方便。  相似文献   

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