国产炭纤维复合材料层合板高温单钉连接性能试验

对国产CCF300/GW300复合材料层合板与铝合金板单钉连接结构在常温以及200℃和300℃高温环境下的拉伸性能进行试验研究,分析了连接试件的高温拉伸破坏行为,以及温度、铺层形式、连接螺栓直径对于条件挤压强度的影响。研究发现,高温越高其条件挤压强度保持率越低,300℃时条件挤压强度仅为常温的30%;90°铺层比例越高...     

复合材料层合板单钉双剪连接挤压强度的一种工程估算方法

将上限理论应用到复合材料层合板单钉双剪连接挤压强度分析中, 把连接结构的位移场划分为动态区域(层合板)和静态区域(紧固件), 并认为失效发生在位移可动场和不动场之间的钉孔边受挤压部分。由于受挤压孔孔边各层应力状态不一样, 受挤压孔边各层的失效区域和失效模式也各不相同。从宏观上研究复合材料层合板单钉连接孔边的失效区域和失效模式, 结合上限理论提出了一种估算复合材料单钉连接挤压强度的工程算法。通过与试验结果对比, 发现该方法能较好地预测出复合材料单钉双剪连接挤压强度。     

环境温度和间隙对复合材料-金属混合结构机械连接钉载分配的影响

通过有限元模拟与试验相结合的方式,研究环境温度和间隙对复合材料-金属混合结构连接钉载分配和强度的影响。分别建立双钉单剪和三钉单剪有限元模型,并在模型中综合考虑了接触、金属塑性和复合材料渐进损伤等因素,研究了不同温度和间隙情况下钉载的分配情况。研究表明,间隙对初始阶段钉载分配影响较大,但不影响塑性屈服阶段的钉载比例和承载能力;温度改变引起的热应力会带来额外的温度载荷,温度载荷对端部钉载影响较大,温度载荷与机械载荷叠加,会加剧端部钉载的分配不均。      

复合材料层合板连接件力学性能影响因素分析

在位移载荷作用下,基于二维有限元模型,通过编写材料失效准则和刚度退化规则的ABAQUS用户子程序USFLD,并考虑剪切非线性效应,分析了一般铺层下配合间隙、挤压面切向摩擦系数和开孔形状对复合材料层合板单钉螺栓连接力学性能的影响。结果表明:小的配合间隙、大的挤压面切向摩擦系数和开孔形状采用圆孔时均有利于提高连接强度。     

配合方式对复合材料单钉单剪螺栓连接接头刚度的影响及其机制

针对单钉单剪复合材料螺栓连接,研究了间隙与干涉2种配合方式对接头刚度的影响及其机制。通过与试验结果的对比,验证了所采用的有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:对于复合材料单钉单剪螺栓连接,间隙配合导致接头刚度变小, 3%钉直径的间隙量导致接头刚度下降16%~17%,并且随着间隙量的增大,接头刚度基本呈线性下降;而对于装配过程中没有产生孔边分层损伤的干涉配合连接件, 0.5%钉直径的干涉量使得接头刚度增加了约15%。配合方式不同,连接件孔周接触应力峰值方向及厚度方向接触应力分布不均匀的程度不同,进而影响了接头刚度。      

复合材料层合板多钉连接结构累积损伤过程可视化仿真模拟

建立了分析复合材料层合板多钉连接结构的三维有限元模型, 考虑了接触状态非线性和累积损伤过程非线性的影响, 运用ANSYS 中的APDL 编制程序实现了对复合材料层合板机械连接结构整个承载过程的可视化仿真模拟, 同时进行了T300/ Q Y9512 复合材料层合板多钉单剪拉伸试验。结果表明, 在一定几何尺寸下, 复合材料层合板多钉连接结构钉载分配的不均匀性在整个承载过程中并无明显改善。根据本文中提出的累积损伤模型对各孔位变形进行了计算, 计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。从累积损伤过程的仿真结果可以明显看出, 不同几何尺寸的多钉连接结构中各钉孔附近损伤的起始和发展过程具有明显的区别。优化设计结果表明, 不同钉孔处层合板厚度的改变对各钉钉载分配无明显影响, 但孔边法向和切向应力大小和分布均受到严重影响, 对整个多钉连接结构的损伤程度产生很大变化。      

T800碳纤维增强复合材料双剪单钉连接的拉伸试验及强度估算

为系统地研究T800碳纤维增强复合材料螺栓连接的力学性能,首先,对T800碳纤维增强复合材料双剪单钉连接进行了面内准静态拉伸试验,探讨了铺层比例、铺层顺序、螺栓直径以及固化工艺对复合材料螺栓连接刚度和2%偏移挤压强度的影响;然后,根据试验结果得到了T800碳纤维增强复合材料螺栓连接的应力集中减缓因子;最后,结合相应铺层比例的无缺口层合板的应力集中减缓因子和拉伸强度,建立了复合材料连接最终挤压强度的工程算法。结果表明:当螺栓断裂时,连接的最终挤压强度由螺栓剪切强度和螺栓直径/板厚比决定;连接存在挤压和剪切2种失效形式,与±45°铺层比例有关;工程算法的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。所得试验结果和工程算法可为T800碳纤维增强复合材料螺栓连接的初步设计提供理论依据和技术支持。      

多钉连接钉载分配特性研究方法

利用金属-复合材料层合板紧固件多钉连接件开展拉伸载荷下钉载分配特性的试验和有限元分析研究。试验件为一列三钉单搭接和双搭接连接件。通过应变电测技术获得连接件典型截面应变分布, 再间接估算钉载分配比例。建立了试验件二维、三维有限元模型, 并计算获得应变和钉载分配结果。对比发现, 应变的计算值与实测值吻合, 但钉载分配的计算结果与实测结果存在较大偏差。分析表明: 基于表面应变测量估计钉载分配的方法不能反映连接件的附加弯矩对多钉钉载分配比例的影响; 采用经过应变测量结果验证的有限元模型, 通过数值计算确定钉载分配是一种可行的技术途径; 而应用简化的板-梁二维有限元模型计算钉载分配可以满足工程精度要求。     

复合材料层合板机械连接结构累积损伤模型和挤压性能试验研究

建立了三维累积损伤有限元模型, 采用扩展拉格朗日乘子法对螺栓表面和复合材料层合板孔壁间的接触行为进行了模拟。对复合材料层合板中纤维断裂、基体开裂和纤维2基体剪切3 类基本损伤类型的产生、扩展以及它们之间的关联性进行了研究。计算得到了复合材料层合板单钉连接结构的载荷2位移曲线, 预测了它们的初始挤压破坏载荷。同时, 进行了T300 帘子布/ Q Y8911 双马来酰亚胺树脂层合板单钉单搭螺栓挤压强度试验,验证了不同铺层类型和结构尺寸对复合材料层合板机械连接挤压性能的影响。试验结果和计算结果吻合较好, 证明了该模型和算法的有效性。      

考虑间隙配合的复合材料钉载分配均匀化方法

针对多钉连接中因复合材料脆性等因素导致结构中的钉载分配不均匀,以及接头在承载较大的钉位置易发生过早破坏的问题,提出了调整钉孔配合间隙改善钉载分配的不均匀性的优化方法。首先,基于弹簧质量模型,以钉孔间隙为设计变量,建立了多钉连接钉载分配的二次规划优化模型。然后,采用内点法对优化模型进行了求解,得到了优化模型的全局最优解。最后,以复合材料5钉双剪接头为例,对钉孔间隙进行了优化,将计算结果与有限元预测结果进行对比。结果表明:模型优化结果与有限元结果吻合较好,优化后最大钉载比例由41.1%降低到了20%。采用该模型可以高效、准确地实现复合材料多钉连接钉载分配比例的均匀化设计。      

Numerical analysis of damage progression and strength of countersunk composite joints

A numerical investigation is conducted into the damage progression and strength of bolted joints between fibre-reinforced composite laminates using countersunk fasteners. Experimental tests were previously conducted on a bearing test specimen and countersunk fastener single-lap joints. In this work, computational models are developed for Abaqus/Explicit, with continuum shells employed to model in-plane ply failure. The bolt-nut assembly is modelled with rigid elements, and the models account for bolt torque and frictional contact. The material properties required in the computational model are determined from standard tests, with the compression fracture toughness of composite plies calibrated against experimental data from the bearing test. The analysis approach captures the load-carrying capability of all configurations, and provides reasonable accuracy in predicting damage patterns. The effects of bolt torque, clearance and countersink height ratio are investigated, and the analysis results compare well with experimental findings. Furthermore, the analysis provides rich insight into the damage progression and joint behaviour at the ply level, with the in-plane and through-thickness damage patterns mapped for increasing applied load. Delamination is incorporated using a cohesive element layer at the start of the countersunk region, though has minimal influence on damage progression and load-carrying capability, which agrees with the experimental results.     

Experimental investigation of damage progression and strength of countersunk composite joints

An experimental investigation is conducted into the damage progression and strength of bolted joints with fibre-reinforced composite laminates and countersunk fasteners. The main goal of the experimental investigation is to characterise the effect of the countersink geometry on the load-carrying capacity of single lap joints in comparison to the straight-shank case. The effects of bolt torque, clearance and countersink height ratio on the damage progression and joint strength are also studied. Experimental tests and detailed microscopy studies are conducted on a bearing test specimen with a straight-edged hole, and several single-lap joint configurations with countersunk fasteners. It is found that introduction of the countersunk hole roughly halves the bearing stress, and causes delamination for some configurations. This delamination is primarily located at the start of the countersink region, though is found to be triggered by other damage mechanisms and has only minor influence on the results. Bolt torque increases the density of through-thickness damage though limits its extension from the hole edge, whilst bolt clearance causes localisation of the damage region. Increasing the ratio of the countersink depth to the laminate thickness reduces the extent of bearing and promotes bending, with a change to net section failure at large ratios.     

Mechanical property and failure mechanism of 3D Carbon–Carbon braided composites bolted joints under unidirectional tensile loading

In this paper, the mechanical property and failure mechanism of Carbon–Carbon braided composites (C–Cs) bolted joints structure subjected to unidirectional tensile load were studied by the experimental method and numerical analysis. The braided C–Cs bolted joints with the single-bolt single-lap (SBS) and double-bolt single-lap (DBS) were tested. The dominant failure modes for both C–Cs SBS and DBS joint configurations were bearing failure and net-tension. Additionally, the finite element method (FEM) was utilized to study the mechanical property and failure mechanism of the joints. The FEM results have a good agreement with the test values. Parametrics studies were implemented by finite element (FE) analysis to classify the effects of geometric parameters including the joint width (W), edge distance (e) and the bolt pitch (p) on the SBS and DBS joint configurations. It can be found that present numerical model can be used to predict the experimental mechanical behaviors and failure modes of bolted C–Cs joints with different geometric parameters and joint configurations.     

碳纤维/树脂复合材料多钉连接钉载系数测试方法

为解决由于碳纤维/树脂复合材料多钉连接结构中钉载分配状态和测试方法不同导致的钉载系数测试分散性不明确的问题,针对应变片和钉载矢量传感器两种测试方法,提出基于不确定度理论的钉载系数相对测量不确定度的计算模型,并计算两种测试方法对碳纤维X850/树脂复合材料单剪、双剪连接结构钉载系数的相对测量不确定度。结果表明,应变片测试方法中,单剪结构钉载系数无法准确测量,双剪结构钉载系数相对测量不确定度通常超过2.8%,且随结构中螺栓数目和应变片贴片角度偏差的增加而增大;钉载矢量传感器测试方法中,单剪、双剪结构钉载系数均可测试,且针对任意螺栓数目结构,其钉载系数相对测量不确定度最大不超过1.5%。      

An analytical model for the prediction of load distribution in highly torqued multi-bolt composite joints

This paper presents the development of an enhanced analytical approach for modelling the load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints. The model is a closed-form extension of a spring-based method, where bolts and laminates are represented by a series of springs and masses. The enhancement accounts for static friction effects between the laminates, a primary mechanism of load transfer in highly torqued bolted joints. The method is validated against detailed three-dimensional finite element models and where possible, experimental results. The effect of varying bolt-torque and bolt-hole clearance on the load distribution in a three-bolt, single-lap joint is investigated and the method proves to be robust, accurate and highly efficient. Finally, the method is employed in a parameter study, where increasing bolt torque levels can be used for achieving a more even load distribution in multi-bolt joints.     

钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱空间受力性能试验研究

进行了钢管混凝土哑铃形拱的面外受力性能试验,与钢管混凝土单圆管拱的面外试验进行了对比,采用经试验验证的有限元模型进行了面外极限承载力的参数分析。研究结果表明:模型拱面内以受压为主,而面外则是以跨中受面外弯矩为主,模型拱最后发生了整体面外失稳破坏,破坏时在跨中与拱脚截面材料进入塑性;模型拱的受力状态中,面外弯矩所占比重最大,约为71%~78%;其面外极限承载力小于面内极限承载力,下降的幅度与面内外荷载比、面外刚度以及截面类型有关;腹腔高度和宽度的增大引起哑铃形截面刚度和极限承载力增大,腹腔高度增大33%或宽度增大50%,模型拱的面外承载力增加约11%~17%或10%~14%;钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱面外承载力计算方法的构筑中面外抗弯刚度是决定性参数,同时要综合考虑面内抗弯刚度和抗扭刚度的影响;而分支屈曲荷载与极限承载力的比值分析表明,实际工程中钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱面外屈曲系数大于4是有安全保障的。     

激光选区熔化成形铝合金板与CFRP复合材料层合板螺栓连接结构失效分析方法评估

对激光选区熔化成形(SLM)铝合金板与碳纤维增强树脂基(CFRP)复合材料层合板两列四排沉头螺栓单剪连接件在拉伸载荷作用下进行了数值分析和试验研究。基于渐进损伤法的三维有限元模型准确地预测了连接件材料损伤萌生和演变,对比试验和三维有限元所得钉载比例、极限载荷及失效模式,可以发现,通过拟合SLM铝合金板断裂应变和应力三轴度曲线,编写UMAT子程序引入韧性准则和Hashin失效准则的三维有限元模型预测的连接件失效载荷与试验值误差仅为1.9%,且失效模式均为净截面拉断,两者吻合,此方法可以满足工程精度要求。利用经过验证的数值模型,分别预测了SLM铝合金板和CFRP层合板损伤演变过程,并分析了SLM铝合金板刚度对连接结构失效模式的影响,当SLM铝合金板厚度增大到4mm时,连接结构失效模式由SLM铝合金板净截面拉断转移到CFRP层合板上。     

Effects of joint geometry and bolt torque on the structural performance of single bolt tension joints in pultruded GRP sheet material

This paper contains the details of an experimental investigation into double lap single bolt tension joints made from 6.35 mm thick pultruded fibre reinforced plastic flat sheet. The joint geometry [edge distance to bolt diameter (E/D) and width to diameter (W/D) ratio] was varied and the effect of bolt clamping torque was investigated. Failure loads, critical end distances and critical widths were found to increase as the bolt clamping torque increased. After an initial bolt movement, the load vs bolt displacement plots are linear until the joints fail or the stiffness reduces significantly. The load at which the joint stiffness reduces has been called the damage load. This damage load is thought to be a useful quantity on which to base design. A simple statistical analysis has been carried out on the damage loads and damage load capacities for single bolt joints have been determined for prescribed confidence levels.     

Progressive failure analysis of bolted single-lap composite joint based on extended finite element method

In this paper, extend finite element method (XFEM) is used to predict the failure of single-lap bolted joints. To simplify calculation of XFEM model, composite laminates of joint are modeled using linear elastic properties. Three-dimensional equivalent material properties are calculated by the MATLAB code written by author. Progressive failure of bolted single-lap composite joint is investigated, and the failure load of joint simulated by XFEM is compared with experiments in literature. Then the influences of geometric parameters on failure load of one bolt single-lap composite joint are studied. Two geometric parameters include plate width-to-hole diameter ratio (W/D) and the edge-to-hole diameter ratio (E/D). At last the failure of single-lap joints with one bolt and two bolts are compared.