基于可见光响应的纳米硒半导体器件

不加入任何表面活性剂、利用溶解-重结晶原理合成了一维结构的Se纳米带,并用XRD,SEM及TEM等方法对产品进行了表征。以单根的硒纳米带为光电响应材料、以银浆为接触电极组装成纳米器件,并对光电响应特性以及光谱响应特性进行了测试。结果表明:在可见光(日光灯)照射下,其对开灯的最快响应时间约为30 ms,关灯时最快衰减时间为50 ms。该纳米器件的光电流对温度有依赖作用,低温下有利于光电流的产生;单色光的波长对纳米器件的光电流及响应时间的影响不同,在单色光谱响应范围内,纳米器件在650 nm处产生的光电流最大,而在350 nm处的响应时间最快。     

TiO2纳米多孔膜电极对甲醇的光电催化氧化

研究了在一定光强下,一定粒径的TiO2纳米多孔膜电极的厚度与光电氧化甲醇的稳态光电流的关系。认为由于TiO2纳米多孔膜电极对OH-的吸附,使甲醇和甲醛在TiO2纳米多孔膜电极上不能形成有效的吸附是影响彻底氧化甲醇的关键。讨论了体系中OH-的浓度对氧化甲醇的影响,发现在碱性环境中氧化甲醇比在酸性环境中有利得多,这可能与OH-在TiO2纳米多孔膜电极上的吸附有关。同时,研究发现OH-在TiO2表面的吸附规律符合朗格缪尔(Langmuir)等温吸附方程。     

Sb∶SnO2/SiO2纳米复合薄膜的光学及气敏特性

采用溶胶 凝胶 (sol gel)工艺制备了Sb∶SnO2 /SiO2 复合膜。通过原子力显微镜 (AFM )观察了薄膜样品的表面形貌 ,利用紫外 可见光谱 ,p 偏振光反射比角谱研究了复合薄膜的光学特性。结果表明 ,薄膜中的晶粒具有纳米尺寸 (～ 35nm)的大小 ,比表面积大 ,孔隙率高 ;薄膜的透光率高 ,可见光波段近 95 % ;其光学禁带宽度约 3 6 7eV。因此Sb∶SnO2 /SiO2 纳米复合膜可作为气敏薄膜的理想选择。通过对三种不同的气体C3 H8,C2 H5OH及NH3气敏特性的测试表明 ,Sb掺杂大大提高了SnO2 薄膜对C2 H5OH的灵敏度 ,纳米Sb∶SnO2 /SiO2 复合膜的气敏灵敏度高于纯SnO2 薄膜及Sb掺杂的SnO2 薄膜     

Nd∶YAG脉冲激光打黑Al99.7铝机理研究

调节Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器标刻参数在Al99.7铝表面可以获得白、灰、黑三种不同颜色深度的图形。为揭示激光打黑机理,使用分光光度计对样本表面光谱反射率进行了测定;使用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪对标刻表面进行了观察分析。发现各样本灰度与光谱反射率变化关系对应一致,微观组织形貌差别大。富集有微米孔洞及纳米絮状物的样本表面反射率最低颜色最深,表明激光能量诱导产生的表面微纳米结构降低可见光范围光谱反射率是使标刻图形呈色的主要原因。     

CdTe量子点敏化TiO2纳米棒光电极的制备及分析

利用电化学沉积法在TiO2纳米棒阵列上沉积了CdTe量子点,通过调节沉积时的电量使整个TiO2纳米棒上覆盖了致密均匀的CdTe量子点,CdTe和TiO2形成了核壳结构。研究了沉积电量对FTO/TiO2/CdTe光电极的结构及光电性能的影响,发现随着沉积电量的增大,FTO/TiO2/CdTe光电极的吸收边发生红移。当沉积电量为0.9C时,在光强为0.1 W/cm2、AM 1.5 G标准模拟太阳光照射下,所制光电极产生最大的饱和光电流密度3.23×10–3A/cm2。     

Sb：SnO2／SiO2纳米复合薄膜的光学及气敏特性

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)工艺制备了Sb：SnO2／SiO2复合膜。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了薄膜样品的表面形貌，利用紫外-可见光谱,p-偏振光反射比角谱研究了复合薄膜的光学特性。结果表明，薄膜中的晶粒具有纳米尺寸(～35nm)的大小，比表面积大，孔隙率高；薄膜的透光率高，可见光波段近95％；其光学禁带宽度约3．67eV。因此Sb：SnO2／SiO2纳米复合膜可作为气敏薄膜的理想选择。通过对三种不同的气体C3H8，C2H5OH及NH3气敏特性的测试表明，Sb掺杂大大提高了SnO2薄膜对C2H5OH的灵敏度，纳米Sb：SnO2／SiO2复合膜的气敏灵敏度高于纯SnO2薄膜及Sb掺杂的SnO2薄膜。     

Sb掺杂SnO2/SiO2纳米光学气敏薄膜的制备及其性质

采用溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)工艺制备了Sb掺杂SnO2/SiO2复合膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外谱(FT-IR)及原子力显微镜(AFM)表征了薄膜样品的物相结构与表面形貌,利用紫外-可见光谱研究了复合薄膜光学特性．利用p-偏振光双面反射法对薄膜的气敏特性进行了测试。实验结果表明,薄膜中的晶粒具有纳米尺寸(～35nm)的大小．比表面积大,孔隙率高;薄膜的透光率高,可见光波段近95％;纳米Sb：SnO2：SiO2复合膜的气敏灵敏度高于纯SnO2薄膜及Sb掺杂的SnO2薄膜。     

染料敏化太阳电池的光阳极制备及其性能优化

详细讨论了染料敏化太阳电池二氧化钛纳米粒子、丝网印刷胶体、二氧化钛电极、对电极、电解质的制备方法,得到最优化的TiO2纳米晶电极的厚度为12μm左右。通过改善电极染料吸附量、纳米晶颗粒间的电接触性能以及电极对可见光的透射和反射能力,电池的光电性能得到显著提高。     

基于石墨烯-黑砷异质结构宽频段探测器

利用定点转移技术,制备出二维层状材料石墨烯-黑砷范德华异质结构的光电探测器制备,实现了从可见光-红外-微波的宽频段探测。其中在可见红外光辐射下,黑砷中产生的光激发电子-空穴对被分离并注入石墨烯,显著降低了半导体黑砷和金电极之间的势垒,从而实现了有效的光电流提取;在微波频段下,由于两种材料塞贝克系数差异产生光热电效应而激发非平衡载流子,零偏下形成光电流。研究结果为二维层状材料的带隙工程应用于光子和光电子领域铺平了道路。     

多孔氧化铝模板的制备及性质研究

多孔氧化铝由于具有规则的纳米多孔结构,是制备各种纳米材料的良好模板,因此,研究多孔氧化铝的制备和物理性质具有重要的意义.采用阳极氧化方法制备了多孔氧化铝有序孔洞阵列,通过场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)观测了样品的表面、截面的形貌和晶态结构,分析了样品的透射光谱性质.结果表明,制备的多孔氧化铝模板的孔洞分布有序,孔径大小均匀,严格垂直底面;模板具有非晶态结构,在可见光和红外波长范围内具有较高的透射性能.     

Functional Free‐Standing Graphene Honeycomb Films

Fabricating free‐standing, three‐dimensional (3D) ordered porous graphene structure can service a wide range of functional materials such as environmentally friendly materials for antibacterial medical applications and efficient solar harvesting devices. A scalable solution processable strategy is developed to create such free‐standing hierarchical porous structures composed of functionalized graphene sheets via an “on water spreading” method. The free‐standing film shows a large area uniform honeycomb structure and can be transferred onto any substrate of interest. The graphene‐based free‐standing honeycomb films exhibit superior broad spectrum antibacterial activity as confirmed using green fluorescent protein labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Escherichia coli as model pathogens. Functional nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles can be easily introduced into conductive graphene‐based scaffolds by premixing. The formed composite honeycomb film electrode shows a fast, stable, and completely reversible photocurrent response accompanying each switch‐on and switch‐off event. The graphene‐based honeycomb scaffold enhances the light‐harvesting efficiency and improves the photoelectric conversion behavior; the photocurrent of the composite film is about two times as high as that of the pure TiO₂ film electrode. Such composite porous films combining remarkably good electrochemical performance of graphene, a large electrode/electrolyte contact area, and excellent stability during the photo‐conversion process hold promise for further applications in water treatment and solar energy conversion.     

低温制备柔性染料敏化太阳电池TiO_2薄膜电极

采用丝网印刷技术在柔性基底ITO/PET上制备TiO2多孔薄膜,经过低温烧结得到TiO2多孔薄膜电极。以D102染料为敏化剂,KI/I2为电解质,Pt电极为对电极,制成电池后测试了电池的光电性能。结果表明:以乙醇作为分散剂添加到P25粉体中,采用丝网印刷技术制膜,100℃低温烧结可以在柔性基底ITO/PET上制备出表面粗糙度良好、具有一定光电性能的TiO2多孔薄膜电极,用其制作的太阳电池转换效率达1.33%。     

原位制备分级多孔纳米结构氧化铝/金薄膜电极

采用与MEMS兼容的工艺,自上而下制作了分级多孔纳米结构的氧化铝/金多层薄膜(HNAGF)电极。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)对上述多层薄膜电极结构进行了表征。SEM图像显示底层金层为多孔结构,上层阳极氧化铝层具有有序的多孔的结构特性。以H2O2为探针,通过循环伏安法分别评价了HNAGF电极和传统的裸金薄膜电极的电化学性能。结果表明HNAGF电极不仅对电子传递没有明显障碍,而且对H2O2表现出更好的催化活性和更高的灵敏性。这种新颖的分级多孔纳米薄膜电极将在电流型电化学传感器领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion in Ultrathin Film Photoanodes with Hierarchically Tailorable Mesoscale Structure

Highly porous electrode designs are often employed for photoelectrochemical energy conversion applications. “Inverse opal” structures generate high surface area electrodes to enhance light absorption in semiconductors with short carrier collection lengths, effectively increasing the optical depth of ultrathin film photoelectrodes. Here, the fabrication of hierarchically structured, “host–guest” photoelectrodes based on selective atomic layer deposition of ZnO in composite polystyrene–SiO₂ nanosphere films is described. Nanostructured scaffolds for ultrathin film photoanodes are prepared with a facile, continuously tunable solution‐phase synthesis. The characteristic length scales for absorption, carrier collection, and mass transport can be independently engineered into the electrode by choosing appropriate colloidal components for the composite scaffold. 20 nm ZnO photoanode layers based on the “host–guest” architecture exhibit roughly 500 times the photocurrent generated on an equivalent planar electrode and a 430% increase over a photoanode structured by a scaffold comprised of a close‐packed assembly of identical SiO₂ nanospheres. This results from an improved balance of reactant mass transport and the locus of light absorption throughout the electrode. This approach offers a facile route for preparing strategically nanostructured photoelectrodes based on strategies developed from more complex fabrication techniques.     

Adsorption and Direct Electron Transfer from Hemoglobin into a Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Gold Film

Application of protein‐based, direct electron communication in bioelectronic devices, biosensors, or biofuel cells usually requires high stability and function density of the immobilized proteins or enzymes. Traditional methods have been used to increase the function density using multilayer immobilization techniques at the expense of losing stability and electron‐communication rate, that is, generally only protein molecules near the electrode surface are electroactive. In order to overcome the above problems, a three‐dimensional, ordered, macroporous gold film electrode is synthesized electrochemically by an inverted colloidal crystal template technique. The uniform, three‐dimensional macroporous gold provides superior conductivity, high stability, and large surface area. Its interconnected macroporous structure, containing gold nanoparticles, significantly enhances the amount of adsorbed hemoglobin (Hb) molecules at the monolayer level and also provides a good microenvironment for retaining the biological activity of the adsorbed protein, as confirmed by electrochemical and attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, direct electron transfer between the adsorbed Hb and the electrode is achieved. Adsorption of Hb on the macroporous gold film electrode is monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The saturated adsorption amount, Γ, of the Hb is determined to be 6.55×10^–10 mol cm^–2 with a surface coverage of 88.1 %. The electrochemical behavior and the adsorption mechanism of Hb on the macroporous gold film electrode are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.     

基于分子印迹聚合膜的胆固醇丝网印刷生物传感芯片

该文基于自组装技术在丝网印刷金电极表面制备分子印迹膜,研制胆固醇电化学仿生生物传感芯片。利用扫描电镜(SEM)对平面裸金电极、厚膜裸金电极及其修饰电极进行了形貌的分析比较,采用循环伏安分析法对电极修饰过程的电化学特性进行表征,采用计时电流法对胆固醇生物传感芯片的浓度响应特性进行检测。结果表明, 基于丝网印刷工艺的厚膜电极不仅能满足自组装分子印迹仿生膜的修饰,而且电极表面具有明显的纳米放大效应。传感器对0~700 nM不同浓度胆固醇进行检测,线性范围50 nM~700 nM,灵敏度达到-4.94 A/[lg(nM)],线性相关系数为0.994。该胆固醇传感芯片具有较高的准确性,检测准确度达到了99.56%。     

Inkjet and microcontact printing of functional materials on foil for the fabrication of pixel-like capacitive vapor microsensors

The work presented demonstrates the utilization of micro-contact printing of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of gold nanoparticles (NPs) to pattern the porous thin metallic film composing the top electrode of an ultra-fast capacitive relative humidity sensor based on miniaturized parallel-plates electrodes. The rest of the device, which occupies an area of only 0.0314 mm², is fabricated by inkjet printing stacked individual drops of functional materials, namely gold NPs for the bottom electrode and a polymeric humidity sensing layer, on a polymeric foil. Compared to other printing methods, the use of microcontact printing to pattern the top electrode enables the additive transfer of a solvent-free metallic layer that does not interact chemically with the sensing layer, permitting the thinning of the latter without risk of short-circuits between electrodes, and broadening the range of usable sensing materials for detection of other gases. Thinning the sensing layer yields to ultra-fast response devices with high values of capacitance and sensitivity per surface area. The fabrication process is compatible with low heat-resistant polymeric substrates and scalable to large-area and large-scale fabrication, foreseeing the development of low-cost vapor sensing sheets with high space–time resolution, where every sensor would correspond to a pixel of a large array.     

Engineering of gold surface work function by electrodeposition of spirobifluorene donor–acceptor bipolar systems

Charge separation in gold/spirobifluorene-based donor (triphenylamine)–acceptor (cyano) bipolar systems has been investigated by contact potential difference and surface photovoltage spectroscopy. Organic films were formed on gold electrode by electrochemical polymerization and by dipping in dye solution. The gold surface work function has been changed over more than 0.4 eV depending on the numbers of electrochemical deposition cycles. Photovoltage effects were analyzed in terms of internal photoemission from Au into organic film, and organic layer light absorption. The energetic differences between the Fermi-level of Au and HOMO levels of organic systems were obtained. The results showed that the electrodeposition is a versatile tool for electrode surface work function tuning.     

电化学腐蚀法制备的SiO2包裹纳米硅颗粒结构的电致发光特性

将采用传统电化学腐蚀法制备的多孔硅样品，用浸泡液浸泡剥离其表层多孔层，使样品表面形成SiO2包裹纳米硅颗粒的结构，在表面镀半透明Au膜后制备成电致发光器件．在正向偏压下样品可以长时间稳定地发出绿光（510nm），并且随着偏压的升高，发光强度增强，峰位不变．讨论了可能的发光机制．     

Electrochromism and photoelectrochemical perfor- mance of WO3/Au composite film electrodes

WO₃/Au composite film electrode was prepared by hydrothermal combined electrodeposition method. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the results showed that WO₃/Au composite film was synthesized. Electrochemical and spectral measurements were carried out to obtain the electrochromic response time, reversibility, coloration efficiency(CE) and transmittance of the WO₃