Sustainable urban growth in peripheral areas

The monograph addresses the factors affecting the degree of sustainability exhibited by population growth in peripheral urban settlements. Development differentials between core and peripheral regions in countries of different size and various level of economic development are discussed and specifically, the following issues are considered: 1, core versus periphery: inequalities and development needs; 2, development peculiarities of peripheral urban settlements; 3, criteria for sustainable urban growth; 4, factors influencing urban growth in peripheral areas; and 5, planning strategies for regional development. Two major theoretical considerations are posited for discussion. First, that ‘sustainable population growth' of an urban settlement is defined according to the settlement's ability to attract newcomers and retain current residents (migration attractiveness). Second, that the preconditions which are essential for sustainable population growth in peripheral areas are not identical to those in the core. A set of analytical models designed to explain development peculiarities of peripheral settlements are suggested and several planning strategies are also proposed, aimed at enhancing the socio-economic sustainability of existing settlements in peripheral areas. These include: 1, the formation of compact development clusters; 2, the concentration of state and local financial resources on selected development settlements; 3, the adoption of a system of progressive economic incentives to promote private investment in peripheral areas; and 4, stricter regulation of land use in core regions.     

城市规划范式的转型:发展规划

城市可持续发展的宏观目标是实现高效率的城市经济、公平公正的城市社会、节能生态的城市环境。为塑造可持续发展的城市,城市规划必须具备推动和监管城市发展的两大功能。兼具两大功能的城市规划范式即为发展规划,具体内容包括统筹城市社会、经济、空间的战略发展,积极塑造与经济和社会相对应的城市空间;强化区划的法定地位,保护产权。此城市规划范式的转型,将能弥补传统城市规划擅于控制而不具备积极发展功能的缺陷。     

大巴黎区域规划和空间治理研究

二战后,法国政府推行区域分散式发展政策,对巴黎的社会经济发展采取诸多限制措施。前总统萨科齐在任期间,重新开始推动巴黎的空间拓展与经济振兴,促进巴黎在大都市尺度上的发展和全球竞争力的提升。介绍了法国大巴黎区域的规划和空间治理的发展历程以及近年来推动区域整合以强化巴黎发展的一系列行政、规划措施。法国大都市区发展范式的转变对上海新一轮总体规划的编制具有很大的借鉴价值。     

The Tough Minded and the Tender Minded: A Pragmatic Turn for Sustainable Development Planning and Policy

Among the many approaches being taken to sustainable development planning and policy, a basic dichotomy exists. The dichotomy is the classic one recognized over a century ago by pragmatist philosopher William James—between the tough minded and the tender minded, or in this case, those who trust in more and better information to address sustainability challenges and those who rest on the power of a plurality of voices. In this paper we demonstrate how this dichotomy confounds the construction of a holistic, actionable sustainability planning paradigm, frustrating in pragmatic terms the effort to develop sustainability planning that makes a difference. We argue for an approach to sustainable development grounded in the philosophy of pragmatism as a means to connect tough and tender minded perspectives on sustainability planning, policy and action. After detailing how tough and tender minded temperaments among sustainability advocates translate into different types of understandings and initiatives, a pragmatic framework for a holistic sustainability planning and policy suite is proposed. This framework is argued based on an understanding of pragmatic theories of truth and rationality, integration and a process basis for action, and human experience as a touchstone for public values and action priorities. This article contributes to the growing body of planning scholarship that draws upon pragmatic philosophy, connecting this with the growing body of work within environmental philosophy that highlights the utility of pragmatism in building a philosophy of sustainable development. If planners and members of the democratic public can work towards a common understanding that it is a process of continuous communication and interaction among citizens and experts that needs to be sustained in the push toward sustainable development, that knowledge is to be generated and tested in public contexts, and that stories have standing alongside scientific models and statistics, important moves toward sustainability can be made in the planning profession as a whole.     

寻求“刚性”与“弹性”的结合——对城市增长边界的思考

城市增长边界是城市规划编制的重要内容,与城市行政区划之间具有耦合关系,对用地规划具有积极的意义。我国现阶段应积极构建具有较强操作意义的、能够同时体现城市远景规模和城市发展阶段性特征的"刚性"与"弹性"有机结合的城市增长边界,通过切实有效的控制技术和管理政策,保护城市重要的自然资源与开敞空间,促进城市的可持续发展。     

绿道系统引导城市形态持续性发展的机制——以美国夏洛特大都市区为例

绿道系统作为多尺度多用途的绿色基础设施网络,已成为引导城市形态紧凑化发展的重要途径,也是促进城市健康发展的重要空间载体。当前中国城市绿道系统的规划和管理仍处于探索阶段,亟须借鉴国际城市绿道系统规划和建设的成功路径。对绿道发展历程进行回顾,以美国东南部有重要影响力的夏洛特大都市区为例,系统解析绿道系统引导城市形态持续性发展的规划策略和实现路径,总结其在优化城市空间结构、促进健康城市生活方式、改善生态环境等方面的多重效益,以期为当前中国绿道系统的持续性规划建设过程提供整体性和先导性保障的策略借鉴,并为绿道系统引导城市形态精明增长和健康发展提供路径支撑。     

论新时代城市规划及其生态理性内核

单一计划经济决定和单一市场经济决定的城市规划均对城市可持续发展造成了巨大的伤害.研究提出了新时代背景下城市规划的生态理性规划范式,纳入中华理性的思想,是对传统的理想导向和问题导向的城市规划的修正和改善.分析生态文明作为城市生长的文明背景的时代要求;认识城市是具有意志、智慧和尊严的生命体,并充分尊重城市生命,作为根本前提;以大智移云技术和复杂科学作为城市规划技术和思想体系的支撑;不断发掘城市发展规律、尊崇城市规律.以上四个层面是生态理性规划范式的思想方法和工作方法.分析了规划思想的历史变革,提供了生态理性规划的具体案例,阐释了新时代的城市规划必须以生态文明的建构为目标导向,以创新为引领的新发展理念为基本动力,尊重城市发展和城镇化的基本规律,方可实现未来城市发展的多元统筹协调以及人类城镇化的可持续发展.     

城市湖泊型岛屿旅游生态化开发与规划——以四川省遂宁圣莲岛为例

城市湖泊型岛屿作为旅游热点区域和城市滨水区的稀缺资源,往往最先遭到“最大化”的开发利用,其生态系统遭到不可逆转的影响和破坏.遂宁圣莲岛旅游开发与规划基于旅游生态化视角,分析旅游生态化内涵与湖泊岛屿的开发特点,利用生态化开发策略和模式,从开发主题、防洪规划、原岛居民安置和社区改造、旅游产品等方面出发,促进旅游开发和生态环...     

城乡规划中土地资源的有效利用探究

随着我国经济的快速增长,土地资源作为发展市场经济过程中的重要组成部分也在进行着自身的改革。本文将讲述城乡规划中土地资源的有效利用,促进城乡规划的可持续发展。     

Borrowing from the past to sustain the present and the future: indigenous African urban forms,architecture, and sustainable urban development in contemporary Africa

Urban spatial expansion resulting from urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not going to stop or stabilize in the near future. Efforts should therefore be concentrated on accommodating this phenomenon through the promotion of sustainable urban planning and development. Relying on secondary data, this paper examines models of indigenous African urban forms and architecture to understand these forms and their characteristics, and how these models and associated management, design, and planning principles can be adopted in contemporary SSA urban development in the quest to achieve sustainable urban development. This paper argues that planning is culturally and contextually defined and the specificities of a place are critical in planning. Developing strategies based on indigenous urban forms which embody local peoples’ culture, aspirations, experiences, and values is consistent with the concept of sustainable urban development. The article concludes that there exist clear elements of socially, politically, economically, culturally, and environmentally sound and responsive sustainable planning principles to be derived from indigenous urban forms and architecture which can inform current urban development process in SSA.     

Sustainable Development for River Catchments

This paper deals with some of the strategic issues arising from the consideration of the sustainable development of river catchments. Principles and best practice are discussed, both in general terms and as challenges to professionals involved with the coordinated planning and management of river catchments.
Points are illustrated with reference to experience in the highly developed River Thames catchment, where the many demands made on the water environment require complex multifunctional decision-making.
Sustainability offers a new paradigm and common language to support decision-making for sustainable development. The appropriate institutional and legislative framework will be supported by tools such as environmental appraisal, strategic environmental assessment and economic instruments. Within this context, the implicit partnership between asset management planning, catchment management planning and land-use planning has the potential to deliver sustainable development for the water environment, through a process which may be called 'total' catchment planning.
It is suggested that source control will play a major role in the search for 'prevention rather than cure' as a basic principle of sustainability.     

Planning for Sustainable Transport in Germany and the USA: A Comparison of the Washington,DC and Stuttgart Regions

Federal, state, and local governments in Germany and the USA strive to make passenger transport more sustainable to combat oil dependence, climate change, local pollution, and negative public health outcomes. This paper compares the Washington, DC and Stuttgart regions to demonstrate differences and similarities between the German and US land-use and transport planning systems. To illustrate local planning for more sustainable transport, we compare two best-practice examples for integrating transport and land-use planning: the Rosslyn–Ballston Corridor in Arlington County in the DC metro region and Scharnhauser Park in the City of Ostfildern in the Stuttgart region. In spite of significant differences in motorization, travel behaviour, sustainability, and planning systems, both Arlington County and the City of Ostfildern promote sustainable transport using comparable strategies: (1) mixed-use development around public transport stations; (2) comprehensive long-range plans; (3) citizen participation; and (4) coordinated transport, housing, and economic development policies.     

如何拯救收缩的城市：英国老工业城市转型经验及启示

如何拯救深陷“收缩”困境的老工业城市,成为一项极具挑战性的任务。在当今西方国家的城市化进程中,受经济转型、资源枯竭、郊区化等诸多因素影响,一些传统老工业城市呈现出日益严峻的收缩现象,并引发一系列复杂的社会问题。基于全球化挑战地方响应策略的理论分析表明,如何促进日渐“收缩”的老工业城市实现顺利转型,对长期以来增长管理为导向的城市规划传统理论提出了严峻的挑战,并且体现为全球化背景下,企业家主义或环境主义的地方响应范式之争。针对英国曼彻斯特和利兹的案例比较发现,尽管前者采取的企业家主义导向经济复兴战略加剧了经济增长与环境保护之间的矛盾冲突,但是后者尝试超越企业家主义范式的新探索带来了实现经济环境双赢的新希望,且近年来可持续城市的理论探索也逐渐形成了新的发展方向。通过英国老工业城市转型的理论分析与实践比较,为我国的老工业城市发展转型提供了诸多的有益启示。     

Water-sensitive planning: integrating water considerations into urban and regional planning

Water-sensitive planning (WSP) is an approach to sustainable development that integrates water considerations into urban and regional planning. Following a literature survey and a condensed report of our 15 years of studies, the paper presents WSP's goals, domains, principles and practices and the paradigms that underpin them, with special attention to stormwater management. It encompasses all planning scales, from the building lot to the catchment area. The paper ends with suggested generic planning principles that evolved with the growth of WSP but are intended to also serve other domains of planning for sustainable development.     

城市可持续发展理念下的城市规划

为促进城市规划水平提高,在规划过程中需要重视城市可持续发展理念的指导作用。综合采取有效对策,促进经济、社会、生态环境可持续发展。着眼未来,突出地域特色,促进城市规划水平的提高,推动城市的发展与进步。     

迈向可持续的城市:国际经验解读——从概念到范式

在全球的城市化进程中,推动城市自身的可持续建设,实现城市所在区域的可持续发展,早已成为了一个颇具挑战性的焦点议题,并在国际上形成了一股探索浪潮.为了对我国城市的可持续建设有所启示,对该领域中的国际经验进行了系统梳理和全面解读:一是回顾历史,从近年来一些重要的文献中,提炼出"城市可持续性"、"可持续城市"和"城市可持续发展"等具有普遍性的核心概念,分别进行主题性的分析解读;二是展望未来,通过理清核心概念间的整体逻辑,认为在国际城市研究领域中正在形成一种新的研究范式--系统的闭合环,以期给城市规划学科发展带来新机遇和挑战.     

基础研究视角下的国土空间规划创新 ——区域规划课程教学思考

随着中国的城市化进程加快,区域发展面临的机遇促使城乡规划学科中区域规划课程教育面临挑战,目前,区域规划的可持续发展以及综合性国土空间规划的创新发展,迫切需要借助基础研究及其创新成果的推进。从理论、技术和实践三个层面,简要分析了相关基础研究发展对区域规划的显著促进作用。进一步提出,在我国新时代发展的关键阶段,一方面区域规划必须主动与相关基础研究的创新与重大突破相结合,从而有力推动我国区域规划的转型和升级;另一方面区域规划必须主动与国土空间规划体系相融合,根据不同层次国土空间规划发展对区域规划及其课程教学的新需求,从基础研究创新视角,提出区域规划课程教学实践创新的理念和路径,从而为国土空间规划提供不断深化创新的人才准备和理论准备,促进国土空间规划实践的可持续发展。     

关于生态城市的思考

城市是目前人类的主要居住形式,因此城市应是可居住和可持续的。生态城市是对城市环境的一种新的诠释。这种新的诠释包括两个方面:城市与周围环境的统一、城市本身的景观。这就要求区域规划和城市规划能周全地考虑资源、建造时间上和空间上的桥梁,在城市与周围环境之间、城市内部不同的体系之间建立联接点,创造可持续的人居环境。     

中外城市增长边界研究进展

21世纪以来,中国快速的城镇化进程给环境保护、资源集约及可持续发展带来了前所未有的挑战。当前,中国城市空间增长进入转型发展阶段,突出表现为从追求量的增加转向追求质的提升。在转型发展时期,为了协调城市发展与环境保护,实现发展的模式转变已成为城市规划研究热点。城市增长边界作为空间增长管理的政策工具之一,以“生态优先”保护城市生态本底,以“精明增长”提升城市内部空间绩效,在国外已经得到广泛应用。在我国,如何科学合理地划定城市增长边界,使其兼具地方特色和推广意义,成为关系到城市可持续发展的重大问题。本文重点关注国内外城市增长边界的定义和内涵、应用及划定方法,以期对我国城市增长管理提供借鉴。     

城市规划与规划环评融合的思考与实践

从城市规划生态化和规划环境影响评价的现状与问题出发,探讨了城市规划与规划环评融合的思路和方法,并通过案例分析了它们融合的可能性和可行性.结果表明,城市规划与规划环评的融合不仅能够有效解决规划环评现状存在的问题,而且能够有效促进城市规划的生态化,促进城市的可持续发展.