纳米复相陶瓷

纳米复相陶瓷已成为陶瓷研究领域的研究热点，本文综述了纳米复相陶瓷的分类、材料设计、粉体制备、烧结及增韧机理。     

我国纳米复相陶瓷制备研究达到国际水平

我国科学家在纳米复相陶瓷的制备研究方面已经达到国际领先水平,由中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室高濂研究员主持完成的———晶内型氧化物基纳米复相陶瓷的制备科学与性能研究,最近荣获2003年上海市科学技术进步一等奖。高濂领导的纳米陶瓷研究课题组开创性地提出了陶瓷材料晶内型纳米增强增韧的新概念,首次采用原位包裹法合成高均匀性、高烧结活性的复合纳米陶瓷粉体,首创用放电等离子体烧结技术(SPS)实现了陶瓷材料的超快速烧结,制备出了多种高性能晶内型氧化物基纳米复相陶瓷。原位包裹法克服了传统工…     

纳米-纳米复相陶瓷的制备

本文结合作者的工作对纳米—纳米复相陶瓷的制备方法进行了评述。纳米—纳米复相陶瓷的粉体由于既要求粒子大小为纳米量级,又要求不同组分均匀分布,一般以化学法制备为主。在烧结过程既要获得高的致密度,又要防止晶粒的长大,烧结过程通常要采取如原位合成、热压烧结等方法。     

纳米陶瓷的特性和烧结

本文介绍了纳米陶瓷新颖的性能和特殊的烧结方法,阐述了这些特殊烧结方法的烧结机理。同时也对纳米复相陶瓷的性能和制备方法进行了介绍,并对纳米陶瓷今后的研究进行了展望。     

Al2O3—AIN—TiC复合陶瓷的制备与微观结构

用反应烧结和气氛烧结技术制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＡＩＮ－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷，用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ等测试手段进行了微观结构的研究，结果表明，用该技术制备的复相陶瓷含有纳米级的ＡＩＮ晶粒，从而使得在较低的烧结温度下可以制得比较致密的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＡＩＮ－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷。     

Al_2O_3－AlN－TiC复合陶瓷的制备与微观结构

用反应烧结和气氛烧结技术制备Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＡｌＮ－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷，用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ等测试手段进行了微观结构的研究，结果表明，用该技术制备的复相陶瓷含有纳米级的ＡｌＮ晶粒，从而使得在较低的烧结温度下可以制得比较致密的Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＡｌＮ－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷。     

纳米陶瓷无压烧结研究进展

纳米陶瓷是由纳米晶粒构成的比传统陶瓷具有更加优良理化性能的陶瓷材料。如何在陶瓷致密化过程中有效控制晶粒长大,从而制备高致密度纳米陶瓷一直是陶瓷制备中的重点和难点。在纳米陶瓷的众多制备方法中,通过压力辅助烧结或快速加热烧结抑制晶粒生长的方法较为普遍,而无压方法烧结作为工艺最为简单和最具商业价值的方法,近年来也受到国内外的广泛关注。本文综述了无压烧结致密纳米陶瓷的研究现状和进展,从纳米粉体的制备、团聚消除、素坯成型、纳米陶瓷烧结等四个方面进行了讨论,评述了目前无压烧结技术所面临的困难并进行了展望,以期为无压烧结技术对高致密度纳米陶瓷的制备提供有益参考。     

纳米复相结构陶瓷的原位反应合成

简要介绍了原位反应合成纳米复相陶瓷的原理及其可行性，认为此方法是制备纳米复相结构陶瓷的有效方法. 同时讨论了氮化硼(h-BN)复相陶瓷的特点及其性能改善的关键因素，认为采用传统方法难以获得高性能的BN复相陶瓷. 提出了一系列原位化学反应，并采用热压或无压烧结获得了细小而均匀分散的非氧化物?氮化硼(Nobn)复相陶瓷，纳米级的BN片晶主要分布在基体晶粒的晶界处，当BN体积含量适当时即可获得一种全新的部分弱晶界陶瓷复合材料(PWICs)，这种材料具有很好的综合力学性能.     

SiC基复相陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺研究进展

国内外学者通过向SiC材料中添加不同种类的氧化物、氮化物或氧氮化物等制备出了强度高、抗热震性好、热导率高、耐化学腐蚀性优良的SiC基复相陶瓷,同时也有效地解决了纯SiC陶瓷难以烧结致密的问题。凝胶注模成型是新型陶瓷制备技术,能近净尺寸制备大尺寸、复杂形状的陶瓷坯体,是近些年来制备SiC基复相陶瓷最常用的成型方法之一。本文从SiC基复相陶瓷的浆料制备、浆料固化及素坯干燥等方面综述了SiC基复相陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺,分析了其目前存在的一些问题及未来的发展方向。     

ZrB_2-SiC复相陶瓷制备方法研究现状

综述了ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷近年来的研究现状。总结了无压烧结、反应热压烧结、热压烧结、放电等离子烧结和一些其他方法制备ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷的研究成果,并提出了ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷目前研究中存在的问题和今后潜在的发展方向。     

无压烧结制备纳米复合碳化硅陶瓷

以水基喷雾造粒而成含5%(质量分数)纳米氮化钛(TiN)颗粒的碳化硅(SiC)造粒粉为原料,采用无压烧结制备纳米复合SiC陶瓷。分析了烧结温度及保温时间对复合陶瓷烧结特性与显微结构的影响规律。结果表明:采取二步烧结可以实现SiC陶瓷在晶粒不明显长大的前提下实现致密化,二步烧结,即先升温到1950℃保温15min后迅速降至1850℃烧结1h,制备的SiC陶瓷具有较高收缩率、较低质量损失以及较高的致密度;纳米TiN颗粒加入后能与基体(SiC,Al2O3)部分发生反应生成TiC和AlN,明显改善SiC陶瓷的烧结性能,获得等轴状、细晶显微结构和优越的力学性能。     

Microstructural freezing of highly NIR transparent Y2O3-MgO nanocomposite via pressure-assisted two-step sintering

Y₂O₃-MgO nanocomposite has attracted attention for use in infrared windows and domes. However, the large difference in refractive index between the two phases of this materials phases induces inevitable grain boundary scattering. To overcome this drawback, it is indispensable to greatly reduce the grain size and eliminate residual pores. Two-step sintering has been extensively used to produce fine-grained ceramics, but long incubation time and an additional process are required. As a robust approach, pressure-assisted two-step consolidation of Y₂O₃-MgO nanocomposite ceramics is investigated to achieve full density while retaining domain size. A sintering path for pressure-assisted two-step sintering and related kinetic window are obtained for the first time. By effectively suppressing grain growth and eliminating residual pores via two-step hot-pressing, outstanding mid- and near-infrared transmittance were achieved. The results indicate that pressure-assisted two-step sintering is a promising alternative strategy that can decrease the domain size and achieve full density of ceramics.     

Micromechanical Properties,Phase Composition,and Microstructure of Ceramics Prepared from Composite Powder (SiC – C) – Si3N4 Using Different Techniques for Introduction of Sintering Activators

Mixtures based on a nanocomposite powder (SiC – C) for hot pressure molding of ceramics are prepared. Micromechanical properties of the sintered ceramics are shown to depend on the technique by which the sintering activator is introduced to the mixture. Results of a study of the structure and phase composition of the sintered ceramics by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry are reported.     

Effect of carbon and oxygen on the high-temperature properties of silicon carbide–hafnium carbide nanocomposite fiber

The polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) technique enables relatively low-temperature fabrication of Si-based ceramics, with silicon carbide fiber as a representative product. Polycarbosilane (PCS) has Si-C backbone structures and can be converted to silicon carbide. In the PDCs method, residual or excess carbon is generated from the precursor (C/Si ratio = 2 for polycarbosilane). Because of the non-stoichiometry of SiC, the physicochemical properties of polymer-derived SiC are inferior to those of conventional monolithic SiC. Herein, a silicon carbide-hafnium carbide nanocomposite fiber was optimized by crosslinking oxygen into the PCS fiber by regulating the oxidation curing time. During pyrolysis, carbothermal reduction, and sintering, carbon was removed by reaction with hydrogen and cross-linked oxygen. Non-destructive techniques (X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high-temperature thermomechanical analysis) were used to investigate the effects of excess carbon. The microstructure of the near-stoichiometric SiC-HfC nanocomposite fiber was more densified, with superior high-temperature properties.     

Functional nanoceramics for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen separation membranes

This work reviews results of research aimed at design and characterization of mixed ionic–electronic conducting perovskite–fluorite nanocomposite oxide ceramics. Nanocrystalline oxides were prepared via Pechini route, nanocomposites – via ultrasonic dispersion of their mixture in organic solvents with addition of surfactants. Genesis of the real structure of nanocomposites at sintering by conventional as well as advanced (microwave or e-beam treatment) techniques was studied in details by structural methods. Applied preparation procedures ensured nano-sizes of perovskite/fluorite domains even in dense ceramics and a high spatial uniformity of their distribution. Redistribution of elements between perovskite and fluorite domains without formation of new phases was revealed. Characterization of nanocomposite transport properties by oxygen isotope heteroexchange and conductivity or weight relaxation demonstrated that perovskite–fluorite interfaces are paths for fast oxygen diffusion. Best perovskite–fluorite combinations tested as cathode layers or dense oxygen separation layers in asymmetric supported membranes demonstrated performance promising for the practical application.     

影响纳米复合陶瓷显微结构的因素

综述了烧成制度、原料组成及粒径、制备方法等对纳米复合陶瓷显微结构的影响及纳米复合陶瓷不同于传统陶瓷的增韧机制。     

Preparation of a Barium Titanate-Dispersed-Magnesia Nanocomposite

Ceramic nanocomposites with a perovskite-type ferroelectric dispersoid were studied, to introduce ferroelectricity into structural ceramics. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) was found to be phase compatible with magnesia (MgO) during sintering, and a MgO matrix/BaTiO3 nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by a conventional powder mixing and sintering method. The mechanical strength of the nanocomposite was not degraded, although weak BaTiO3 was incorporated into the composite. The BaTiO3 dispersoid was tetragonal or possibly orthorhombic, although the tetragonality, c/a, was decreased from the starting powder.     

堇青石基玻璃陶瓷研究进展

介绍了制备堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的三种方法:熔融法、烧结法和溶胶-凝胶法,综述了玻璃组成、添加剂和晶核剂对堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的烧结特性及性能的影响,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的制备与展望

介绍了制备堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的三种方法 :熔融法、烧结性和溶胶—凝胶法 ,综述了玻璃组成、添加剂和晶核剂对堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的烧结特性及性能的影响 ,并对其未来的发展进行了展望