造气系统加氮设备的改进与应用

为了提高煤气发生炉的产气量,稳定炉况和炉温,在制气阶段加入适量的空气,此过程简称加氮。加氮分直接加氮和喷射加氮。1 直接加氮 直接加氮是利用空气压力大于蒸汽压力加入煤气发生炉内的过程。目前煤气发生炉均采用高炭层,炉内阻力增大,入炉蒸汽压力高,一般在0.1MPa左右。而C500风机风压仅0.024MPa,显然其风力难以加入煤气发生炉。为了直接加氮,     

水煤气发生炉系统的改造及应用

对水煤气发生炉系统进行改造，增加了加料空间，减少了散热损失，提高了炉温。除尘器内设蓄热室结构，使入炉蒸汽过热，提高了蒸汽分解率。改造后的发生炉系统煤气的产量、热值明显提高，杜绝了煤气泄漏。     

水煤气发生炉系统的改造及应用

对水煤气发生炉系统进行改造，增加了加料空间，减少了散热损失，提高了炉温。独特的除尘器内设蓄热室结构，使入炉蒸汽达到过热，提高了蒸汽分解率。改造后的发生炉系统煤气的产量、热值明显提高，杜绝了煤气泄漏。     

浅谈煤气发生炉入炉蒸汽的控制

固定层间歇式煤气发生炉在制气的过程,分为二上吹、吹净、吹风、回收、上吹、下吹六个阶段。保持热量平衡、气化层稳定是造气炉正常运行的基础,在炉况正常的情况下,不结疤、不偏流是造气炉稳产的前提。要保持热量平衡,气化层稳定就要合理控制吹风量和入炉蒸汽量,还有制气过程各个阶段的时间百分比,这些条件确定后,如何控制入炉蒸汽是造气制气的关键,笔者就入炉蒸汽流程及控制方法结合实践谈谈自己的拙见。     

玻璃厂两段式发生炉煤气站的运行与管理

从实际运行与管理出发,论述了影响两段式煤气发生炉稳定运行的几个因素及运行与管理方法。包括如何控制好入炉气化煤的质量,控制好炉子气化层反应温度,控制好煤气炉产气量,操作管理好炉况,从而实现煤气发生炉稳定运行。     

煤气发生炉全集成数字控制仪

我们采用中规模CMOS数字集成电路设计、制造了这台数控仪,用于控制煤气发生炉的生产过程,不仅结构简单、操作方便、显示直观、工作可靠,而且附设蒸汽调节单元,可对入炉蒸汽流量实施自动调节,这对于稳定生产、节能降耗有着明显的经济效益。     

我公司造气设备技术改造

对J28型煤气发生炉存在的问题进行了分析，通过对给料系统、加焦系统、炉底、炉箅、废热锅炉进行改造，使入炉焦耗降低，单炉产气量提高。     

蒸汽压力对造气的影响

从反应机理并结合实践,论证了通过提高入炉蒸汽压力可取得提高蒸汽分解率、煤气中有效气体成份、单炉生产能力及降低蒸汽单耗的效果。     

造气炉常见扒炉原因及处理

分析固定床间歇式造气炉扒炉的常见原因,包括入炉蒸汽压力、煤质、风量、机械设备、操作控制等方面的因素,并介绍了相应的处理方法。     

两段炉上下段煤气比例调节影响因素分析

通过对干馏段低温干馏热量平衡的计算,分析了影响发生炉中上行煤气供给量的相关参数,并就影响上下段煤气比例调节的煤质、发生炉结构及上段煤气净化工艺等因素进行了系统分析,并提出了相关解决方案。指出上下段煤气比例的调节,是两段式煤气发生炉的重要操作环节,应该根据入炉煤的气化反应活性、煤中水分和挥发分等相关煤质指标进行适当调整,同时在发生炉的结构和上段煤气净化工艺的设计中,应该充分考虑上行煤气的调整余量。     

Technology and economics of coal gasification

The best known commercial coal gasification processes which use oxygen (air) and steam as gasifying media are the gas producer process (normal pressure, fixed bed), Lurgi process (high pressure, fixed bed), Winkler process (normal pressure, fluidized bed) and Koppers-Tetzek process (normal pressure, entrained). Fixed bed and fluidized bed processes are suitable for gasification of noncaking and weakly caking coals with high ash fusion temperatures (> 1200°C). The entrained system is suitable for gasification of any coal. Low-caloric gas (～ 150 Btu/scf) can be produced by the gas producer, Lurgi and Kinkier processes; medium- (～ 300 Btu/scf) and high-caloric (～ 950 Btu/scf) gas by any process. Lurgi and Koppers-Totzek processes are preferred processes for production of synthesis gas at the present time. The costs (/Btu) of production of low-caloric gas are the lowest followed by the medium- and high-caloric gas costs (see Figure 6). The costs of gas production from coal are mainly dependent on the efficiency of the gasification process, scale of operation and the cost of fuel.     

Characteristics of the product from steam activation of sewage sludge

Steam activation of a dried sewage sludge was studied to produce hydrogen rich gas and sludge char for converting to energy and resources. A batch-type wire mesh reactor was used to study the characteristics of the steam activation. The characteristics of activation product (i.e., producer gas, gravimetric tar, light tar, and sludge char) were identified.With the increase in the steam feed rate, the sludge char decreased but the producer gas increased, having higher gas heating value. And tar generation slightly increased when a small amount of steam was fed, but when the steam feed rate significantly increased, tar decreased because part of the tar was converted into light gas.Hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased with the increase in the steam feed rate. And carbon dioxide, methane, ethylene, and ethane reached their maximum according to different production mechanisms up to decreasing the species.The gradually increase in the steam feed rate resulted in the creation of micropores, which developed to the maximum when the steam flow rate was 14 mL/g min. When excessive steam was supplied, however, micropores sank due to the resulting sintering phenomenon, and the adsorption capacity deteriorated. The sludge char had a mean pore size of 6.229 nm, which is the size of mesopores from which condensible tar (the cause of damage on the device) is properly adsorbed and removed.     

煤气发生炉水夹套和汽包的酸洗与防垢

分析了煤气发生炉夹套水汽循环系统的结垢原因及危害,对其实施盐酸清洗工艺,效果明显,并提出防垢的主要措施,全面提高煤气发生炉安全、经济运行水平.     

节能新技术在合成氨技术改造中的应用

介绍三废流化混燃锅炉、高炉体锥形管式夹套副产中压蒸汽煤气炉、热功电联产汽轮机等技术的应用情况.使用三废混燃锅炉后,吨蒸汽煤耗下降至100kg,吨蒸汽节约用煤80kg,且尾气达标排放;将原φ2600mm造气炉改造为高炉体锥形管式夹套副产中压蒸汽煤气炉后,副产蒸汽温度提高了80℃,单炉发气量增加了1 000～1 500m3...     

Effects of Chinese dolomites on tar cracking in gasification of birch

To minimize tar in the producer gas from birch gasification at 700, 750 and 800 °C, four Chinese dolomites (Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Shanxi, Anhui) and a Swedish dolomite (Sala) used as reference were studied in a laboratory-scale atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier. The gasifier was equipped with a downstream fixed catalyst bed. The results imply that all dolomites but Anhui dolomite effectively decompose tar into gases. Anhui dolomite showed a low catalytic capacity to crack tar produced at 700 and 800 °C. The influence of various ratios of steam to biomass on tar content in the producer gas after passing over dolomite was studied. The tar cracking efficiency of the dolomites did not improve significantly with the ratio of steam to biomass in the region 0.11-0.52.     

弛放气压力波动引起高压蒸汽压力递减的原因分析及应对措施

分析了塔里木大型化肥装置因一段炉燃料气系统压力波动,导致高压蒸汽压力从10.7 MPa递减下降至8.92 MPa,并使整个系统接近高压蒸汽跳车的原因：①弛放气设定压力降低导致放空阀打开;②高压用户用汽量增加;③高压废锅产汽量下降。结果表明,通过提高一段炉温度、调整高压合成氨系统负荷、调整高压蒸汽透平抽气量、增加快装锅炉...     

除氧器乏汽回收装置技改

低压旋膜除氧器是用蒸汽将除氧器的进水加热到饱和温度,除去进水中的氧气、二氧化碳等不凝性气体。加热后的蒸汽和除去的不凝性气体都排入大气。投用乏汽回收装置会将排放大气的乏汽回收,并利用其余热与进水发生热交换,并将加热后的进水打回除氧器进行除氧。     

Biomass-derived hydrogen from an air-blown gasifier

The goal of this research is to produce high concentrations of hydrogen from gasification of biomass. Air-blown gasification of biomass in fluidized bed reactors produces relatively low concentrations of hydrogen (about 8 vol.%). Steam reforming of tars and light hydrocarbons and reacting steam with carbon monoxide via the water–gas shift reaction can increase hydrogen content in the producer gas to almost 30 vol.%. In these experiments, the temperature, space velocity, and steam/gas ratio were varied to determine the effect of these variables on hydrogen production. Characterization of the catalysts by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and BET analysis was also performed. These analyses showed that coke and small quantities of sulfur and chlorine deposited on the catalysts, although catalytic deactivation was not evident during the tests.     

浅谈尿素装置闪蒸蒸汽的节能利用

在水溶液全循环法尿素工艺中,闪蒸槽产生的0.36 MPa(绝)蒸汽用于保温伴热,多余的蒸汽外供造气。由于这部分蒸汽在使用过程中热能损失巨大,笔者探讨性地提出了将1级闪蒸得到的0.63 MPa(绝)蒸汽用于吸解系统,2级闪蒸得到的0.36 MPa(绝)蒸汽用于保温伴热和外供造气的节能改造方案;进行了1级闪蒸和2级闪蒸的模拟分析计算和解吸塔热平衡计算;分析论证了2级闪蒸槽蒸汽用气的经济性;结果表明,1级闪蒸蒸汽用于解吸系统不仅可行且经济效益显著,2级闪蒸蒸汽可以满足造气系统的使用条件。     

低温吹风气余热集中回收装置设计总结

采用非预混、蓄热型、不用合成弛放气、不用排烟引风机的微正压型低阻力降系统设计技术,同时配套采用专用的微正压吹风气蒸汽锅炉机组,实现了造气系统排放的低温吹风气热能的高效集中回收。