高强Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金属模铸、热挤压和时效处理(T5)工艺过程制备出高强Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM及TEM分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状第二相Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成,经过热挤压变形后,合金晶粒显著细化,时效处理过程中Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相上析出少量细小的颗粒状Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2相。时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到446 MPa、399 MPa和6.1%,其强化方式主要为细晶强化和第二相强化。     

热处理工艺及挤压对WE91合金组织及性能影响

通过OM、SEM、XRD、TEM及力学性能测试等手段,研究了热处理工艺及挤压对WE91镁合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态WE91合金主要由α-Mg基体及共晶组织构成。经过均匀化处理后,合金中大量的共晶组织回溶,主要的未溶相为Mg12(MM);经过挤压后,合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸明显减小,均匀化后残留的Mg12(MM)相沿挤压方向呈流线分布;WE91合金合理的时效热处理制度为225℃×28h,此时析出大量的长透镜片状β相;时效后合金具有较高的耐高温性能,250℃以下,合金的强度下降有限,达到300℃时,合金的强度显著下降。随着测试温度提高,合金裂纹萌生从晶内逐渐转移至晶界。     

Gd元素含量对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、拉伸试验研究了Gd元素含量对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并引入WE54合金作为对比。研究表明:Mg-Gd-Y系合金的铸态组织主要由等轴树枝晶α-Mg固溶体、晶界处孤岛状共晶相Mg24(Gd,Y)5以及孤立的方块相Mg5(Gd,Y)和起到晶粒细化作用的富Zr核心组成。随着Gd含量的增加,晶界处第二相Mg24(Gd,Y)5的体积分数明显增加,导致合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高,伸长率却不断降低。GW94合金强度最好:室温下抗拉强度和屈服强度最高分别可达213.7 MPa和156 MPa,伸长率却仅为1.29%。WE54合金的伸长率最高,这可能与铸态WE54合金晶界处形成的相互平行的片层状共晶相有关。Mg-Gd-Y系合金和WE54合金断裂机制都为准解理断裂。     

热挤压Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金的显微组织及力学性能

对Mg-6Zn-x Cu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金进行了熔炼并浇注在金属模中,然后进行了挤压成形试验。结果表明:铸态合金随着Cu含量的增加晶粒逐渐细化,第二相含量增多,其组织由α-Mg、MgZn_2及Mg Zn Cu相组成。合金经挤压后力学性能明显提高,其中挤压ZK60合金的动态再结晶较弱,晶粒细化程度较小。铸态合金组织中的第二相在挤压过程中被打碎,并沿着挤压方向分布。挤压态合金晶粒细化程度明显,其平均晶粒尺寸可达到10~13μm。Mg Zn Cu相呈短棒状分布在晶界,而Mg Zn2相呈细小的颗粒状分布在基体上。挤压态合金力学性能改善的原因可归结为细晶强化、第二相弥散强化及固溶强化综合作用的结果。其中挤压态Mg-6Zn-1.0Cu-0.6Zr力学性能最优,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别达到320.22 MPa,240 MPa和11.48%。     

生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金显微组织与性能研究

生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的显微组织,力学性能,腐蚀行为通过光学显微镜,扫描电镜,力学测试以及模拟体液浸泡手段进行了研究。X射线衍射结果表明该合金的主要第二相为Mg7Zn3, Mg2Zn3, 和Mg4Zn7的金属间化合物相。经过56:1挤压比后的挤压态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的晶粒尺寸平均为2.5um,相比铸态的119.1um下降了47.6倍。屈服强度,抗拉强度以及延伸率分别为205MPa, 336MPa 和17.85%。挤压态合金的耐蚀性也明显优于铸态合金,其原因主要为晶粒细化。本文设计的新型生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金呈现出良好的综合力学性能以及耐蚀性。     

不同Y含量对ZM21镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文主要通过OM、SEM、EDS和XRD等研究了铸态及挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY (Y=0,0.8,2.2,wt.%) 镁合金显微组织和力学性能。由实验结果可知,稀土Y的添加,不仅可以细化铸态及挤压态合金晶粒,还可以弱化挤压态合金的基面织构强度,从而同时提高合金的强度以及韧性。本文中最优化合金挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn-xY合金具有良好的力学性能,与原始Mg-2Zn-1Mn合金相比,屈服强度从164MPa提高到204MPa、抗拉强度从237MPa提高到298MPa以及延伸率从12%增加到18%。     

Mg-6Zn-1Mn-2Sn-0.5Ca合金挤压态和热处理态的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、X 射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、硬度以及力学性能测试等对挤压态和时效处理的Mg?6Zn?1Mn?2Sn?0.5Ca 镁合金的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。研究结果表明：合金铸态的相组成为α-Mg, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ 和CaMgSn相组成。挤压态组织为完全动态再结晶组织,晶粒尺寸约为2.8 μm。固溶时效处理(T6,180 ℃+10 h)后,合金的强度明显增加,屈服和抗拉分别为320 MPa 和390 MPa。合金强度的提高主要是由于晶界强化,固溶强化和析出强化作用。     

Ho对铸态Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.5Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电子拉伸实验机、布氏硬度计等研究了铸态Mg-5Y-3Sm-xHo-0.5Zr(x=0,2,4,6)合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明:铸态Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.5Zr合金主要由α-Mg和大部分位于晶界的Mg24Y5和Mg41Sm5第二相组成。添加Ho后,在晶界处出现了Mg24Ho5新相,Ho的含量高低对合金相组成没有影响。随着Ho含量的不断提高,析出的第二相逐渐增多,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Ho含量为4%时,该铸态合金的综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度和伸长率分别为193 MPa、170 MPa、72.8 HBW和4.15%。     

挤压态Mg-Sm-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了挤压Mg-4.0Sm-xCa (x=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%)合金经过200 oC等温时效处理后的显微组织、时效硬化行为和力学性能。结果表明,随着Ca的添加,在镁基体中形成针/棒状的Mg2Ca相、块状和颗粒状含Ca元素的Mg41Sm5相,合金的晶粒被细化、拉伸力学性能得到显著提高。在 T5（峰值时效）态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最细的晶粒尺寸,其大小约为 5.1 μm。随着Ca含量的增加,针/棒状的Mg2Ca相逐渐增多,当Ca含量达到1.5 wt%时,晶界处含Ca的块状Mg41Sm5相的量明显减少。在峰值时效态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最大的硬度值（82 HV）以及最佳的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到了267 MPa, 189 MPa 和 24%。合金力学性能的提高主要归因于晶粒细化、固溶强化以及Mg2Ca相和Mg41Sm5相的析出强化。     

铸造冷却速度对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金组织性能的影响

本文通过两种不同冷却速度制备成分相同、铸造组织特征不同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y铸态合金,研究不同铸造组织特征对挤压变形态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：与空冷铸造合金相比较,通过水冷冷却增大了熔体冷却速度,使铸态组织得到细化,抑制了W-相（Mg3Y2Zn3相）的形核,并促进了I-相（Mg3YZn6相）的生成,获得了更大体积分数的准晶相(I-相)。经过挤压变形后,水冷铸造合金中的再结晶晶粒细小均匀,经过挤压变形破碎的细小I-相颗粒弥散分布在基体上,{0002}基面织构得到弱化,而{101 ?2}织构强度增强,从而使挤压态Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金的强度和塑性都得到了大幅的提高。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到297.0MPa和327.3MPa,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比分别提高了46.4MPa和21.4MPa。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金的延伸率达到14.8%,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比增大了4.7%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.