元宝枫翅果3种活性成分及抗氧化能力研究

对元宝枫翅果的果翅、种皮、仁粕中的总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮3种活性成分含量进行测定,并应用FRAP法、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS+·清除能力等方法对翅果提取物的体外抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明,种皮中3种活性成分含量最高,其总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮含量分别为342. 83 mgGAE/g、847. 45 mgCE/g、57. 66 mgRT/g,仁粕中含量最低;翅果不同部位提取物的FRAP抗氧化能力、对DPPH自由基和ABTS+·的清除能力均存在显著性差异,提取物的体外抗氧化能力依次表现为:种皮果翅仁粕;相关性分析发现,翅果不同部位提取物中总酚和缩合单宁含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。     

橄榄果实单宁的抗氧化能力研究

对橄榄果实中的总酚含量与可溶缩合单宁含量进行了测定,并利用二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH)和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力测定(FRAP)法,研究了橄榄果实中单宁的自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性。结果表明:橄榄果实中总酚含量较高[(572.35±39.72)mg/g(干重)],用正丁醇-HCl法测得缩合单宁的含量为(1.47±0.02)mg/g(干重),用DPPH法和FRAP法研究其自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性表明,橄榄果实单宁具有较高的自由基清除能力(IC_(50)为48.45μg/mL),及较强的抗氧化能力(2.955 mmol AAE/g)。     

绿茶汤pH对其颜色及抗氧化能力的影响

探究茶饮料工艺中pH对其颜色及抗氧化活性的影响,研究了不同pH下龙井绿茶汤的颜色值、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、缩合单宁含量以及FRAP值、DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基(.OH)清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)清除率的变化情况,并分析了各指标间的相关关系。结果表明:随绿茶汤pH上升,其颜色加深,总酚、缩合单宁含量降低,综合抗氧化能力下降。茶汤的pH与其颜色极显著正相关,与抗氧化能力极显著负相关,因此较低的pH有利于提高绿茶汤的抗氧化活性。     

11个鲜食葡萄品种总酚含量和抗氧化活性的评价

目的:系统评价11个鲜食葡萄品种总酚含量和抗氧化活性。方法:将11个鲜食葡萄品种果实的皮、肉、籽三个部位分离并研磨,依次提取其脂溶性、水溶性和结合态成分;用铁还原能力(FRAP)试验和Trolox等效抗氧化能力(TEAC)试验评价其抗氧化活性,用福林酚法测定其总酚含量(TPC),分析FRAP、TEAC、TPC之间的关系,并依据FRAP、TEAC和TPC进行聚类分析。结果:不同品种葡萄皮、肉、籽FRAP范围分别为(112.86±5.98)～(658.93±28.63)、(6.89±0.39)～(79.04±3.10)、(723.61±29.20)～(1608.34±66.55)μmol Fe (Ⅱ)/g DW,TEAC范围分别为(37.56±1.17)～(374.52±15.90)、(3.02±1.02)～(32.50±1.75)、(440.00±19.61)～(887.38±36.18)μmol Trolox/g DW,TPC范围分别为(12.09±0.40)～(73.12±4.28)、(1.51±0.13)～(9.37±0.35)、(74.01±1.46)～(133.53±1.43) mg GAE/g DW。此外,对于不同溶解性部分,其FRAP、TEAC、TPC为脂溶性部分水溶性部分结合态部分。FRAP、TEAC、TPC两两之间均具有较好的线性相关关系(p 0.05)。结论:不同葡萄品种、不同葡萄部位、不同溶解性部分的总酚含量及抗氧化活性差别较大。葡萄皮、肉、籽的抗氧化活性与其总酚含量呈正相关,且这些酚类物质主要存在于脂溶性和水溶性提取物中,同时具有还原能力和自由基清除能力。     

山竹的花色苷、黄酮、总酚含量及其抗氧化活性

采用DPPH、ABTS和FRAP 3种方法测定了山竹的抗氧化活性,并用pH示差法、福林-酚法和NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-Na OH法测定其花色苷、黄酮和总酚含量。结果表明:依据花色苷、黄酮和总酚含量及其抗氧化活性,山竹果皮是很好的抗氧化剂来源。FRAP、DPPH和ABTS试验显示,消化前以及模拟胃肠消化后山竹黄酮的抗氧化活性最强。     

不同极性地参多酚抗氧化活性的比较

采用分级萃取的方法提取了地参多酚粗提液中的不同极性多酚,同时采用DPPH自由基清除活性、FRAP和TEAC评价了不同极性地参多酚的抗氧化活性。结果表明,液-液萃取的方法可以实现不同极性地参多酚的有效分离,且随着萃取溶剂极性的增加,其酚含量逐渐升高;酚含量与FRAP具有显著的相关性,DPPH自由基清除活性与TEAC间具有显著的相关性。     

苦荞红曲保健酒的抗氧化活性

为研究苦荞红曲保健酒的总黄酮和总酚的体外抗氧化活性,测定其对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP值）,并且与市售黄酒、VC、Trolox进行对比。结果表明,苦荞红曲保健酒有一定DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率和铁离子还原力。被测样品的抗氧化活性与总黄酮、总酚的含量有显著的相关性（P〈0.01）。     

干燥方法对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究干燥方式、工艺参数对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,采用热风干燥、热风-红外联合干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥技术,比较其对番石榴总酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸含量、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基能力、清除2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS）自由基能力和铁离子还原能力（ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP ）以及抑制亚油酸过氧化能力的影响。结果表明,与鲜果相比,干燥后番石榴总酚含量显著增加,黄酮和抗坏血酸含量显著降低（P＜0.05）,抗氧化能力显著降低。真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥得到的总酚、抗坏血酸含量较高,清除自由基及FRAP较高。热风干燥得到的番石榴干制品抑制亚油酸过氧化能力较高。随干燥温度升高,热风和热风-红外联合干燥后的黄酮保留量增加,抗坏血酸含量、清除自由基及FRAP降低。综合来看,真空冷冻干燥和中低温热风干燥（60 ℃和75 ℃）得到的番石榴干制品抗氧化能力较高。Spearman相关性分析表明,DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法测定的抗氧化能力及抗氧化效能综合指数分别与总酚含量的相关系数较高,且DPPH自由基清除能力、抗氧化效能综合指数与总酚含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,说明多酚可能是番石榴干制品主要抗氧化物质。     

不同品种板栗贮藏过程中总酚与抗氧化活性研究

为了研究不同品种板栗贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力之间的关系,采用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定总酚,以DPPH·清除率和FRAP作为抗氧化的衡量指标.测定结果表明:板栗仁不同部位总酚含量依次为栗仁表层＞缝合处＞整果＞子叶心部,六合晚熟的总酚含量比六合中熟高;板栗在120 d贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量和DPPH·清除率逐渐降低,六合晚熟的总酚含量高于六合中熟,两个品种板栗的总酚含量分别减少41.5%和45.8%,黄酮含量分别减少42%和44%,DPPH·清除率分别减少16%和14%.8个品种板栗总酚含量与DPPH·清除率、FRAP之间呈显著差异.黄酮与抗氧化相关性较低,贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量与DPPH·清除率间呈极显著差异.     

老黑谷米中多酚化合物的提取及体外抗氧化活性研究

以老黑谷米面粉为原料,提取分离其中的可溶性多酚、游离多酚、酯化多酚、醚化多酚、键合多酚,利用比色法进行多酚和类黄酮含量测定,并采用DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原/抗氧化能力测定(FRAP)、总抗氧化能力测定(TEAC)、还原能力测定(RP)和H2O2清除活性等5种不同的体外抗氧化测定体系进行抗氧化活性测定。结果表明:5种多酚中,可溶性多酚含量最高,酯化多酚含量次之,显著高于游离多酚、醚化多酚、键合多酚。多酚中类黄酮含量最高为键和多酚和可溶性多酚,显著高于其他3种多酚。5种多酚均有较高的体外抗氧化能力,键合多酚的DPPH自由基清除能力最高,可溶性多酚的H2O2清除能力、FRAP还原能力、RP还原能力和TEAC总抗氧化能力最高。本研究为老黑谷米的开发利用提供科学依据。     

Comparative analyses of phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and color of cool season legumes and other selected food legumes

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was to characterize the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of U.S.-produced cool season legumes. A total of 33 cool season legume samples were selected. Some common beans and soybeans were included for comparisons. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannin content (CTC) were analyzed. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were used for analyzing antioxidant properties. Color of the legume flour and the seed coat was also analyzed. TPC, TFC, CTC, FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC values of legumes were significantly different not only between classes but also among samples within each class. Among cool season legume classes, lentils possessed the highest concentrations of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Colored common beans and black soybeans exhibited higher TPC, TFC, CTC, FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC values than those of yellow peas, green peas, and chickpeas. Antioxidant activities (FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC) were strongly correlated ( r = 0.96, 0.94, and 0.89, respectively, P < 0.01) with TPC. TPC and ORAC were moderately correlated ( P < 0.01) with either the seed hull surface color or the flour color.     

萌发处理对黑青稞活性成分组成及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究青稞萌发过程中活性成分和抗氧化能力的变化情况,以西藏黑青稞为原料,采用刚果红法、酶联免疫吸附法等方法测定了黑青稞萌发过程中子叶、种皮和胚根中活性成分和抗氧化能力的变化,并对活性成分和抗氧化能力进行了相关性分析.结果表明,萌发7d与萌发3d相比,子叶、种皮和胚根中 β-葡聚糖含量整体均呈下降趋势,分别下降了24.8...     

Polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of thirteen faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes cultivated in Tunisia

In vitro antioxidant capacity of thirteen genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) collected during three different growing stages (vegetative, reproductive and maturity) have been evaluated. For the vegetative stage (VS) and reproductive stage (RS) the whole plant (WP) has been used for the analysis while for the maturity stage (MS) the plant was divided and analyzed in different parts, the whole seed (WS), seed coat (SC), cotyledons (Cot) and pod (Pod). The antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by means of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC respectively), the ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assays. The results showed different antioxidant properties for the same genotype when considering the different parts or stages of the plant. High content of both total phenolics (> 92.85 mg as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried plant) and flavonoids contents (> 11.87 mg as rutin equivalent (RE)/g of dried plant) were found for all genotypes during the vegetative and the reproductive stages, which also showed the highest antioxidant activity (FRAP value ≥ 1.157 mmol/g and DPPH radical-scavenging capacity > 43.49%), indicating their potential as natural sources of antioxidant foods. For the maturity stage, the highest values for the TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH scavenging capacity were observed for the pods and the lowest for the cotyledons.The results of this study indicate that faba beans are a good source of natural antioxidants independently to their genotype. The quantification of the antioxidant capacity according to the stage and the plant part could be suitable for applications on the food industry in relation to production and preservation of faba bean food products.     

Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants

The antioxidant properties of 25 edible tropical plants, expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), were studied using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical) scavenging and reducing ferric ion antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Their cupric ion chelating activities (CCA) and total polyphenol contents (TPC) were also determined. A strong correlation between TEAC values obtained for the DPPH assay (TEAC_DPPH) and those for the FRAP assay (TEAC_FRAP) implied that compounds in the extracts were capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. A satisfactory correlation of TPC with TEAC_DPPH and TEAC_FRAP suggested that polyphenols in the extracts were partly responsible for the antioxidant activities while its correlation with CCA was poor, indicating that polyphenols might not be the main cupric ion chelators. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that TEAC_DPPH, TEAC_FRAP and TPC contributed to the total variation in the antioxidant activities of the plants.     

Influence of heating on the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape seed flour

Abstract: The production of grape seed flour (GSF) from a waste product generated during winemaking, is of interest in product development applications due to its potential health benefits. However, before GSF can used in baking as a source of additional antioxidants, research on its heat stability is required. The overall objective of this study was to assess changes in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of GSF during heating. Merlot GSF was heated at 5 temperatures (120 to 240 °C) for 0 to 90 min. At each time/temperature combination, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavanoid content (TFC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the extracts were determined. Specific polyphenolic compounds, including catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid were also measured. Results showed that when Merlot GSF was heated to ≥180 °C, significant decreases in the TPC and antioxidant activity, measured using FRAP, DPPH, and TEAC, were observed. Longer heating times also caused a reduction in antioxidant capability. Catechin and epicatechin content decreased with increasing heating temperature while gallocatechin and gallic acid content increased. Both catechin and epicatechin content had strong positive correlations (r > 0.91) with TPC and TFC, as well with FRAP and TEAC, suggesting that the GSF antioxidant activity is related to the presence of these particular compounds. Overall, while a decrease in antioxidant content was observed during heating, this occurred at higher baking temperatures. Thus GSF may be suitable for use as an ingredient in baked goods to bolster antioxidant content. Practical Application: In order for Merlot grape seed flour (GSF) to be used in baking as a source of additional antioxidant compounds, the impact of heating on the polyphenolic compounds in the GSF needed to be examined. Thermal treatment of Merlot GSF caused significant decreases in the TPC, antioxidant power, and specific polyphenolic compounds when heated ≥180 °C. Thus while antioxidant content decreased with higher heating temperatures, this occurred at higher baking temperatures. Thus, GSF may be suitable for use as an ingredient in baked goods to bolster antioxidant content.     

Characterisation and comparison of phenols,flavonoids and isoflavones of soymilk and their correlations with antioxidant activity

To investigate the relationship between bioactive compounds and antioxidant property, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual and total isoflavone content of soymilk and their correlations with oxygen‐radical‐absorbing capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity values were evaluated and compared. Results showed that TPC, TFC, isoflavones (including concentration and profiles) and antioxidation activity significantly varied among ten tested soybean cultivars. Significant correlations were established between DPPH and TFC (r = 0.553, P < 0.01), DPPH and TPC (r = 0.753, P < 0.01), FRAP and TFC (r = 0.599, P < 0.01) and FRAP and TPC (r = 0.616, P < 0.01). Positive linear correlations were found between subtotal, total isoflavones and ORAC. Unlike other isoflavone monomers, aglycone isoflavones correlated positively with DPPH and FRAP significantly. DPPH well correlated with FRAP, whereas neither DPPH nor FRAP correlated with ORAC. TPC, TFC, individual and total isoflavone values are potentially useful for soymilk antioxidant activity assessment.     

Antioxidant properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) bagasses obtained as co-product in the juice extraction

The aim of this work was to determine the total phenol (TPC), the total flavonoid (TFC), the tannins contents (TC), organic acids and sugar contents and the antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice extraction bagasses, which were obtained in two different ways: (i) Direct extraction that involved arils and peel (WFB) and (ii) only from arils (AB). Four different test systems were used, namely the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); determination of antioxidant activity with thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the ferrous ion-chelating ability (FIC). WFB presented higher total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents (10.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample; 7.19 mg rutin equivalent/g sample and 8.18 mg catechin/g sample) than AB. The organic acid detected were oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid and succinic acid while the sugar identified were fructose and glucose. As regards antioxidant activity, at all concentrations and with all methods, the WFB samples showed a higher antioxidant activity than AB samples. BHT, used as control positive, present higher antioxidant activity than WFB and AB in all antioxidant methods used except in the FRAP assay.The results of this study indicate that pomegranate bagasse obtained as co-product in the process to obtain juice may be considered a good source of natural compounds with significant antioxidant activity which could be suitable for applications on the food industry as potential ingredient for food products.     

Effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on antioxidant potential of cowpea seeds

Legumes are a good source of bioactive components, besides being nutrient dense. These components have antioxidant properties and have a protective role against free radicals. Legumes like cowpeas are usually consumed after certain processing, so the present study was intended to assess antioxidant property of selected four cultivars of cowpea after going through various thermal (autoclaving, microwave, boiling, and roasting) and non-thermal (soaking and fermentation) processings. Thermal processing reduced total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in all cultivars with respect to antioxidant activity of raw cultivars, while DPPH scavenging activity increased after all thermal treatments excluding few thermal processings. Non-thermal processing revealed increase in TPC, DPPH scavenging activity, and FRAP values, while TFC content showed a decreasing trend. A moderately high correlation between TPC and DPPH scavenging activity was observed in both kinds of thermal treatments indicating the role of phenolic compounds for antioxidant activity. It was concluded from the study that fermentation processing has promising effects on retention and enhancement of antioxidant activity of cowpea cultivars.     

Rapid Determination of Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Sudanese Karkade (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus sabdariffa</Emphasis> L.) Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The extraction conditions applied in destructive analysis of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs) matrices before the measurement of antioxidant compounds may reduce their activities during isolation and purification due to decomposition. Hence, near infrared spectroscopic system was applied to determine these compounds. The calibration models developed by using partial least squares regression (PLSR) with 48 Hs samples and 24 unknown samples were used to confirm the robustness of the developed model. The results of calibration models effectively allowed the determination of the concentrations of total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant content (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with high correlation coefficients (0.85–0.91) and small standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) ranged from 0.08 to 0.33. The prediction capacity (RPD) for TPC, TFC, TAC, FRAP, and DPPH ranged from 3.30 to 8.25, thus demonstrating that the near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) equations developed were applicable to unknown samples. This study demonstrates that NIRS can be considered as a fast tool for the nondestructive determination of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of the Hs.     

Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of onion (Allium cepa) and shallot (Allium oschaninii) using infrared spectroscopy

Total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of four onion varieties (red, white, yellow and sweet) and shallot from selected locations (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Texas and Georgia) were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (4000–400 cm⁻¹). The Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay was used to quantify TPC and three assays were used to determine TAC, including 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) with cross-validation (leave-one-out) was conducted on onion and shallot extracts (n = 200) and their corresponding F–C, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP values were employed to obtain four independent calibration models for predicting TPC and TAC for the extracts. Spectra from an extra 19 independent extracts were used as an external validation set for prediction. A correlation of r > 0.95 was obtained between FT-IR predicted and reference values (by F–C, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assay) with standard errors of calibration (SEC) and standard errors of cross-validation (SECV) less than 2.85, 0.35 and 0.45 μmol Trolox/g FW of extracts for TEAC, FRAP and DPPH assay, respectively; and 0.36 mg gallic acid/g FW of extracts for the F–C assay. In addition, cluster analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) could differentiate varieties of onions and shallot based upon infrared spectral features. Loading plots for the various chemometrics models indicated that hydroxyl and phenolic functional groups were most closely correlated with antioxidant capacity. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict the total antioxidant capacity of vegetables provides a rapid and precise alternative to traditional wet chemistry analysis.