反应挤出聚丙烯接枝马来酸二丁酯的研究

以马来酸二丁酯(DBM)为单体,反应挤出聚丙烯(PP)接枝DBM(PP-g-DBM).研究了口模温度、螺杆转速、单体用量、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)对接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响,并用红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热等测试方法对接枝物进行了表征与分析.结果表明,DBM是用于反应挤出加工的良好接枝单体;IR表征DBM接枝到PP分子链上,且接枝产物中DBM残留量较少;PP、DBM、DCP接枝的最佳温度为190～200℃,螺杆转速不宜过高,DCP的适宜质量分数为0.04%～0.10%.     

丙烯酸改性水滑石接枝PP的制备工艺

采用单一变量法研究了化学参数(接枝单体用量、引发剂用量)和加工参数(螺杆转速、螺杆温度)对丙烯酸改性水滑石(AA-LDH)和聚丙烯(PP)接枝反应的影响。结果表明,通过FTIR谱图证实了丙烯酸接枝到PP上。随着AA-LDH含量的增加,接枝物的接枝率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在AA-LDH用量为5.0 g时,接枝率有最大值,为1.45%;接枝物的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着AA-LDH用量的增加逐渐减小,而冲击强度却随着AA-LDH用量的增加而逐渐增大。改变引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)用量、螺杆温度和螺杆转速,接枝物的力学性能的变化规律和接枝率的变化规律相似,都是呈现先增大后减小的趋势。综合分析得到制备AA-LDH接枝PP的最佳工艺条件为:PP用量为100 g时,AA-LDH用量为5.0 g,DCP用量为0.2 g,螺杆温度为190℃,螺杆转速为300 r/min。     

AMPS/AM/木薯淀粉接枝共聚物制备工艺的研究

研究了2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AM PS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与木薯淀粉接枝共聚物的接枝共聚工艺条件。结果表明单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率、接枝效率有较大影响,制备的AM PS/AM/木薯淀粉接枝共聚物具有较好的吸水性能。     

AM/AMPS/木薯淀粉吸水树脂的研究

以木薯淀粉为骨架,以丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为单体,通过接枝反应制备淀粉基吸水树脂。结果表明：单体配比,引发剂用量,反应时间,反应温度等因素对吸水树脂的吸夜性能有显著影响。     

聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了通过双螺杆挤出机聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP—g—MAH）的工艺，包括单体马来酸酐（MAH）、引发剂DCP的用量及熔融反应温度和时间对聚丙烯（PP）熔融接枝MAH的接枝率的影响。结果表明：DCP、MAH的用量对PP—g—MAH接枝率影响比较明显，其最佳配比为DCP0．15份、MAH2份；最佳工艺条件为挤出螺杆转速40r／min，反应温度195-200℃。     

丙烯酸熔融接枝聚苯乙烯及其在木塑复合材料中的应用

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,在转矩流变仪中制备了PS-g-AA接技物。研究了单体用量、引发剂用量、螺杆转速和反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果表明:接枝率随着单体用量的增加而升高,随着引发剂用量和螺杆转速的增加先升高后降低,随着反应温度的升高而降低。将PS-g-AA接枝物用于木塑复合材料体系,可以有效地改善复合材料的性能。     

羟甲基丙烯酰胺熔融接枝聚丙烯亲水性的研究

分别以羟甲基丙烯酰胺（NHA）、苯乙烯（St）为接枝单体,过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为引发剂,用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯（PP）的接枝共聚物PP-g-NHA和PP-g-NHA/St。红外分析表明,NHA和St接枝到PP链上形成接枝共聚物。探讨了NHA用量、St用量、DCP用量及加工温度、螺杆转速对接枝率及接触角的影响。结果表明,NHA的最佳用量是3 %,此时接枝率达到最大值为1.6 %,接触角最小为83 °;随着DCP用量的增加,接枝率先增大后下降;加工温度不能太高,螺杆转速一定要大于40 r/min。     

一种新型球形纤维素吸附剂的制备Ⅱ.纤维素/AMPS接枝共聚物的合成

以交联球形纤维素珠体为骨架,以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,通过接枝共聚的方法赋予球形纤维素吸附剂强酸型基团——磺酸基,因此首先合成出纤维素/AMPS共聚物,并进行制备条件的优选实验,得出最佳的制备工艺条件为:以Na2SO3/K2S2O8作为引发体系,引发剂的用量为2.5%,单体与纤维素的最佳比值为1.5∶1(W/W),反应温度40℃,反应时间4.0h。在上述工艺条件下,所制备出的纤维素/AMPS接枝共聚物的接枝率为46.9%,而AMPS的均聚物含量仅为5.4%。     

AM/AMPS共聚物的合成与性质研究

采用过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)水溶液进行二元共聚,得到AM/AMPS共聚物。黄金分割法评定确定最佳合成条件为:引发剂0.002 888%,单体20%,AMPS∶AM=20∶80(质量百分比),反应温度45.52℃。用红外光谱(IR)对目标产物进行结构表征,并评价了目标物的溶液性能和稳定性。结果表明,AM/AMPS共聚物的耐温抗盐性优于大庆HPAM聚合物,适用于高温高盐油藏条件。     

N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺熔融接枝聚丙烯的制备

利用双螺杆挤出机,制备了聚丙烯(PP)熔融接枝N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,探讨了过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺用量、反应温度、螺杆转速等因素对接枝率的影响。分析表征了PP熔融接枝N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的结构、流变性能及阻燃性能。     

Influence of grafting formulations and extrusion conditions on properties of silane‐grafted polypropylenes

The melt grafting of unsaturated silanes onto powdered polypropylene (PP) in a Haake TW100 twin‐screw extruder and curing in hot water were studied. The influence of grafting formulations and extrusion conditions on the melt flow rates of grafted PP and the gel percentages of crosslinked PP was investigated. The gel percentages of methacryloylpropyltrimethoxysilane (VMMS)‐grafted PP were markedly higher than those of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES)‐ and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)‐grafted PP, while significantly less degradation of PP during grafting was observed for VMMS‐grafted PP. When benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as an initiator, no degradation of PP during grafting was observed, and the melt flow rates of grafted PP decreased with increasing BPO concentration. In contrast, use of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator resulted in severe degradation of PP, and the melt flow rates of grafted PP increased gradually with increasing DCP concentration. BPO resulted in higher gel percentages than those of DCP at a fixed initiator concentration. Introduction of styrene into the grafting system greatly improved the gel percentage of crosslinked PP and reduced the degradation of PP during grafting. The optimum molar ratio of styrene to monomer is at about 1.5:1. Relatively low processing temperatures and high screw speeds are favorable. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1233–1238, 2000     

Functionalization of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber with maleic anhydride in the melt state through high‐shear stress‐induced initiation

The functionalization reactions of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) with maleic anhydride (MAH) in melt state through high‐shear‐stress‐induced initiation by an increase in the screw rotation speed of the twin‐screw extruder and through compounded initiation by the addition of some initiator and an increase in the screw rotation speed were investigated. The results show that, with increasing screw rotation speed and reaction temperature, the percentage grafting and melt flow rate of the functionalized products (EPDM‐g‐MAH) were noticeably increased, and the viscosity‐average molecular weight decreased, which implied that the grafting reaction consisted of the chain scission and grafting reaction of the produced macroradicals with MAH. In the presence of a certain peroxide initiator, the crosslinking reaction during melt extrusion was suppressed by an increase in the screw rotation speed. The percentage grafting of EPDM‐g‐MAH amounted to 1.1%, its melt flow rate was between 0.3 and 4.0 g/10 min, and its gel content was less than 1.0%, depending on the screw rotation speed and reaction temperature. Impact testing and scanning electron microscopy showed that the functionalized product prepared through the high shear stress‐induced initiation had a higher blocking activity with the amide terminated of PA66 than that prepared through the peroxide initiation or through the compound initiation, and the impact strength of the PA66/EPDM blends, improved by the high‐shear‐stress‐induced product was noticeably higher than those of the peroxide‐initiated product or the compound‐initiated one. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A study of radical graft copolymerization on polypropylene during extrusion using two peroxide initiators

Functionalization of polypropylene (PP) during melt extrusion has been explored extensively. In this study, two different radical initiators were employed and compared in grafting acyclic halamine precursors to PP. 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐diallylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (NDAM) was grafted onto PP during a melt‐extrusion process using either 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐(tert‐butylperoxy)hexyne (DTBHY) or dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator. The results confirmed the radical graft copolymerization of the monomer onto the PP backbone during the reactive extrusion process. It was revealed that, at low monomer concentration, when peroxide initiator concentration was increased, polymer chain scission became dominant. DCP was more efficient than DTBHY as an initiator in the graft polymerization. After exposure to chlorine bleach, the grafted structures could be easily transformed into N‐halamines, which provided powerful, durable and regenerable antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that both DCP and DTBHY could be used as radical initiators in reactive extrusion to graft certain vinyl monomers to PP. The NDAM‐grafted PP could provide expected antibacterial function after chlorination of the grafted product in a chlorine bleach solution. The modified PP showed great potential for use in medical devices and non‐woven textiles. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

应力诱导引发MAH官能化PE-LD及其对铝箔/PET复合薄膜层间剥离强度的影响

采用提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的应力诱导引发方法和添加引发剂与提高螺杆转速的复合引发方法,研究了高剪切应力作用下马来酸酐(MAH)与低密度聚乙烯 (PE-LD)的官能化反应,并且考察了官能化产物PE-LD-g-MAH对铝萡/PET薄膜（Al/PET）热熔胶的T型黏合接头剥离强度的影响。结果表明,高剪切应力作用可直接引起大分子链的断链,形成大分子自由基,引发PE-LD的接枝反应;通过改变螺杆转速可有效抑制交联副反应,制得具有较高接枝率、较好熔体流动速率和较低凝胶含量的官能化产物,当螺杆转速为800 r/min时,产物的接枝率为0.71 %,熔体流动速率为0.87 g/10 min,凝胶含量0.40 %;高剪切应力诱导引发法所得官能化产物可明显提高Al/PET热熔胶T型黏合接头的剥离强度,当反应温度为310 ℃,螺杆转速为600 r/min,三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）含量为80 %（质量分数,下同）时,可使Al/PET的T型黏合接头的剥离强度达3.87 N/mm。     

相容剂马来酸酐-苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯的制备及性能研究

研究单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对熔融接枝法制备的马来酸酐-苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-(MAH-co-St))的接枝率(GMAH)、熔体流动速率(MFR)和拉伸强度的影响,并通过红外光谱图对PP-g-(MAH-co-St)进行表征。结果表明:当PP:MAH:St:DCP质量分数比为100:6:6:0.4,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为3 min时,接枝物的GMAH达1.51%,MFR达55.28 g/10min,拉伸强度为26.72 MPa;红外分析表明:MAH和St与已接枝到PP上。     

Melt grafting of a long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid onto polypropylene

The melt grafting of a long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid such as oleic acid (OA) and undecylenic acid (UA) onto polypropylene (PP) in a Haake Rheocord RC90 mixer was studied. The influence of initiator concentration, monomer concentration and reaction temperature on grafting was investigated. The experimental results show that a higher degree of grafting was obtained using mixed initiators (DCP/BPO=1:1). Increasing the monomer concentration leads to an initial rapid increase in the degree of grafting. The addition of styrene reduced the degradation of PP as well as the degree of grafting. The monomer chain length influenced grafting significantly, the degree of grafting decreasing with increasing chain length of the grafting monomer. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the crystalline properties of PP grafted with OA and UA were different from those of PP grafted with acrylic acid (AA), which may be attributed to the nucleation effect of the grafted long chain of OA and UA.     

丙烯酰氧基螺噁嗪接枝羧甲基甲壳素反应条件的研究

采用接枝共聚法合成了一种具有螺噁嗪侧基的羧甲基甲壳素水溶性衍生物。讨论了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、溶剂用量、单体用量对丙烯酰氧基螺噁嗪接枝羧甲基甲壳素反应的影响。接枝效率最高时反应条件为:羧甲基甲壳素0.4 g,溶剂水50.0 mL,引发剂0.35 mmol,单体3.0 mmol,反应温度70℃,反应时间4.0 h,接枝率为65.0%,接枝效率为25.2%。     

PP-g-AM的制备及其应用

用熔融接枝方法制备了聚丙烯接枝丙烯酰胺（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＭ）,用经我谱、化学滴定方法对接枝物进行了定性和定量的表征,讨论了单体,引发剂用量、接枝温度、反应坚接枝率的影响,并将接枝物应用于成ＰＡ６共混。结果表明当ＣＤＰ用量为０．１５％、ＡＭ为６％、挤出机转速为４０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,可获得最佳的接枝率,经接枝改性的ＰＰ与ＰＡ６共混,其冲击强度明显提高。