基于排列熵的振动信号小波包阈值去噪研究

工程实践中的振动信号往往存在噪声干扰而导致信号特征信息无法显露,传统小波包软、硬阈值函数去噪形式固定,无法依据信号小波包分解系数的噪声干扰情况进行调整.据此,提出一种新的介于软、硬阈值函数之间的改进小波包阈值函数,并将排列熵作为信号含噪情况表征参数引入阈值函数中.对信号小波包系数进行排列熵计算,并依据该值对阈值函数进行自适应调整,使得新的阈值函数能够对含噪较多的小波包系数进行大尺度收缩而对含实际信号特征较多的小波包系数尽可能地保留,从而达到最佳的去噪效果.对滚动轴承振动实验信号的去噪分析,并与其他方法进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性与优越性.     

基于小波熵自适应阈值的语音信号去噪新方法

针对语音信号去噪问题, 提出小波熵自适应阈值去噪法。首先利用小波变换分解带噪语音信号, 计算小波分解后信号子带区间的小波熵, 然后将小波熵和自适应阈值相结合确定各层高频系数的阈值门限, 采用折中指数阈值函数对各层高频系数进行去噪处理, 重构降噪后的语音信号, 最后对比小波熵自适应阈值、极大极小阈值、固定阈值和无偏风险阈值去噪方法的性能。实验结果表明, 当输入信噪比为5 dB时, 小波熵自适应阈值去噪法的输出信噪比是最大的, 且其输入输出信噪比曲线高于其他三种阈值去噪法的输入输出信噪比曲线, 从而证实该算法具有更好的去噪性能。     

小波熵在心电高频噪声处理和R波检测中应用

为了在滤除噪声的同时不丢失信号有用信息,将小波熵理论与小波阈值去噪方法综合起来,提出一种基于小波熵的自适应阈值去噪和R波峰值定位方法,对心电信号高频噪声不同信噪比情况做了去噪处理,并同小波熵最优阈值法做了对比分析,结果表明,本算法可以自适应地确定小波系数阈值,不需要直接处理大量的小波系数,且具有良好的滤波性能,尤其在噪声严重时,去噪和R波检测效果更优。最后对实测和数据库中46例数据都做了应用分析,表明本算法具有快速性、有效性和稳定性的特点。     

基于小波阈值去噪算法的研究

在D.L.Dohono和I.M.Johnstone提出的多分辨分析小波阈值去噪方法的基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数。与传统的硬阈值和软阈值比,该函数不仅易于计算,而且具有优越的数学特性和清晰的物理意义。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值及改进的软硬阈值折中算法,充分体现出小波阈值去噪方法的优越性。     

车载光电测量平台晃动监测数据分析

车载环境下由于加速度计自身和外界环境干扰等因素的影响,真实的加速度信号叠加了大量干扰信号。针对加速度计信号特点,采用小波阈值去噪对加速度计信号进行了滤波处理。建立一个振动信号模型,将真实的加速度计的输出噪声作为干扰成分叠加到该模型上,选择较优的小波参数,对仿真信号进行小波阈值去噪,去噪后信噪比（SNR）由4．24dB提高到20．45dB,均方根误差（RMSE）由0．051改善到0．0081。据此对真实加速度计输出信号进行去噪处理,实验结果表明：小波阈值去噪对加速度信号具有良好的滤波效果。     

Detrended fluctuation thresholding for empirical mode decomposition based denoising

Signal decompositions such as wavelet and Gabor transforms have successfully been applied in denoising problems. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a recently proposed method to analyze non-linear and non-stationary time series and may be used for noise elimination. Similar to other decomposition based denoising approaches, EMD based denoising requires a reliable threshold to determine which oscillations called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are noise components or noise free signal components. Here, we propose a metric based on detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to define a robust threshold. The scaling exponent of DFA is an indicator of statistical self-affinity. In our study, it is used to determine a threshold region to eliminate the noisy IMFs. The proposed DFA threshold and denoising by DFA–EMD are tested on different synthetic and real signals at various signal to noise ratios (SNR). The results are promising especially at 0 dB when signal is corrupted by white Gaussian noise (WGN). The proposed method outperforms soft and hard wavelet threshold method.     

基于小波-EEMD-Adaline网络的容栅传感器信号去噪方法

针对容栅传感器检测的转动轴扭振信号掺杂的环境噪声干扰和自身的电磁噪声干扰使得信噪比低、微弱信号难提取的问题,提出了一种基于小波-EEMD-Adaline自适应线性神经网络去噪方法.该方法对信号进行小波、EEMD、Adaline网络消噪处理,采用三级去噪、噪声过滤、对消来逼近原始信号.用典型加噪超声信号、Doppler信号、Block信号对该方法进行有效性验证,与EEMD、基于小波分解的EEMD去噪效果相比较.实验结果表明,后两种方法信号去噪的SNR提升小(均不到20),而本文方法SNR(RMSE)提升(减小)明显,对于9 dB的Doppler信号SNR提升达90,RMSE从1.038 5降至0.009 5.对容栅电路实测大噪声微弱信号去噪,结果表明,该方法去噪性能更优,去噪后信号光滑性好,波动稳定性强.     

基于子带谱熵的仿生小波语音增强

前端噪声处理直接关系着语音识别的准确性和稳定性,针对小波去噪算法所分离出的信号不是原始信号的最佳估计,提出一种基于子带谱熵的仿生小波变换(BWT)去噪算法。充分利用子带谱熵端点检测的精确性,区分含噪语音部分和噪声部分,实时更新仿生小波变换中的阈值,精确地区分出噪声信号小波系数,达到语音增强目的。实验结果表明,提出的基于子带谱熵的仿生小波语音增强方法与维纳滤波方法相比,信噪比(SNR)平均提高约8%,所提方法对噪声环境下语音信号有显著的增强效果。     

一种旋转机械振动信号的有效消噪方法

提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)、Mallat算法和经验模态分解的信号降噪方法.首先,采用香农熵判据寻求最佳小波分解,对带噪部分小波系数进行经验模态分解,提取出信号趋势分量;其次对小波系数剩余部分采用奇异值分解方法降噪,并根据奇异值差分谱自适应的选择奇异值进行重构,将重构后的信号和趋势项叠加作为新的小波系数;最后进行小波重构得到最终的消噪信号.运用模拟信号和齿轮箱断齿故障信号进行仿真,结果表明该方法能够准确地选择用于重构的奇异值个数,并能有效去除信号噪声,保留特征信号的细节信息,尤其对含有趋势项的故障特征有很大实用性.     

Determination of optimal parameters for bilateral filter in brain MR image denoising

Noise elimination is an important pre-processing step in magnetic resonance (MR) images for clinical purposes. In the present study, as an edge-preserving method, bilateral filter (BF) was used for Rician noise removal in MR images. The choice of BF parameters affects the performance of denoising. Therefore, as a novel approach, the parameters of BF were optimized using genetic algorithm (GA). First, the Rician noise with different variances (σ = 10, 20, 30) was added to simulated T1-weighted brain MR images. To find the optimum filter parameters, GA was applied to the noisy images in searching regions of window size [3 × 3, 5 × 5, 7 × 7, 11 × 11, and 21 × 21], spatial sigma [0.1–10] and intensity sigma [1–60]. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) was adjusted as fitness value for optimization.After determination of optimal parameters, we investigated the results of proposed BF parameters with both the simulated and clinical MR images. In order to understand the importance of parameter selection in BF, we compared the results of denoising with proposed parameters and other previously used BFs using the quality metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), PSNR, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and structural similarity index metric (SSIM). The quality of the denoised images with the proposed parameters was validated using both visual inspection and quantitative metrics. The experimental results showed that the BF with parameters proposed by us showed a better performance than BF with other previously proposed parameters in both the preservation of edges and removal of different level of Rician noise from MR images. It can be concluded that the performance of BF for denoising is highly dependent on optimal parameter selection.     

A new wavelet-based fuzzy single and multi-channel image denoising

In this paper, we propose a new wavelet shrinkage algorithm based on fuzzy logic. In particular, intra-scale dependency within wavelet coefficients is modeled using a fuzzy feature. This feature space distinguishes between important coefficients, which belong to image discontinuity and noisy coefficients. We use this fuzzy feature for enhancing wavelet coefficients' information in the shrinkage step. Then a fuzzy membership function shrinks wavelet coefficients based on the fuzzy feature. In addition, we extend our noise reduction algorithm for multi-channel images. We use inter-relation between different channels as a fuzzy feature for improving the denoising performance compared to denoising each channel, separately. We examine our image denoising algorithm in the dual-tree discrete wavelet transform, which is the new shiftable and modified version of discrete wavelet transform. Extensive comparisons with the state-of-the-art image denoising algorithm indicate that our image denoising algorithm has a better performance in noise suppression and edge preservation.     

Wavelet based speech presence probability estimator for speech enhancement

A reliable speech presence probability (SPP) estimator is important to many frequency domain speech enhancement algorithms. It is known that a good estimate of SPP can be obtained by having a smooth a-posteriori signal to noise ratio (SNR) function, which can be achieved by reducing the noise variance when estimating the speech power spectrum. Recently, the wavelet denoising with multitaper spectrum (MTS) estimation technique was suggested for such purpose. However, traditional approaches directly make use of the wavelet shrinkage denoiser which has not been fully optimized for denoising the MTS of noisy speech signals. In this paper, we firstly propose a two-stage wavelet denoising algorithm for estimating the speech power spectrum. First, we apply the wavelet transform to the periodogram of a noisy speech signal. Using the resulting wavelet coefficients, an oracle is developed to indicate the approximate locations of the noise floor in the periodogram. Second, we make use of the oracle developed in stage 1 to selectively remove the wavelet coefficients of the noise floor in the log MTS of the noisy speech. The wavelet coefficients that remained are then used to reconstruct a denoised MTS and in turn generate a smooth a-posteriori SNR function. To adapt to the enhanced a-posteriori SNR function, we further propose a new method to estimate the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), which is an essential parameter for SPP estimation. Simulation results show that the new SPP estimator outperforms the traditional approaches and enables an improvement in both the quality and intelligibility of the enhanced speeches.     

Development of acoustic denoising learning network for communication enhancement in construction sites

This paper presents a novel denoising approach based on deep learning and signal processing to improve communication efficiency. Construction activities take place when different trades come to the site for overlapped periods to perform their works, which may easily produce hazardous noise levels. The existence of noise affects workers' health issues, especially hearing and rhythm of the heart, and impacts communication efficiency between workers. The proposed approach employs signal processing technique to transform the noisy audio into image and utilize neural networks to extract noisy features and denoise the image. The denoised image is then converted to obtain the denoised audio. Experiments on reducing the side effect of several common noises in construction sites were conducted, compared with the performance of denoising using conventional wavelet transform. Standard objective measures, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and subjective measures, such as listening tests are used for evaluations. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieved significant improvements over the traditional method, as evidenced by the following quantitative results of median value: MSE of 0.002, RMSE of 0.049, SNR of 5.7 dB, PSNR of 25.8 dB, and SSR of 8.Results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional denoising methods in terms of both objective and subjective evaluation metrics and have the potential to facilitate communication between site workers when facing different noise sources inevitably.     

健康预测中信号去噪算法的研究

在D.L.Dobono和I.M.Jobnstone提出的多分辨分析小波阈值去噪算法的基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数.与传统的硬阈值和软阈值比,此函数不仅易于计算,而且具有优越的数学特性和清晰的物理意义.经对桥梁检测数据进行去噪试验,结果表明,该方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值及改进的软硬阈值折中算法,充分体现出小波阈值去噪方法的优越性.     

基于MAP估计双树复小波的电能质量扰动信号去噪方法

针对电能质量信号的去噪,提出了一种基于MAP估计的双树复小波电能质量扰动信号的去噪方法。首先对带噪信号进行相关性预处理,然后通过MAP方法对双树复小波分解不同层次的细节系数估计噪声方差和信号方差,并计算各层阀值从而得到去噪方案,针对带噪的电压跌落等扰动信号进行仿真,并与传统实小波去噪进行了信噪比和突变点信息保留能力的比较。仿真结果表明,所提算法速度快,去噪效果理想,且易于实现,实用性强,有良好的发展前景。     

基于EEMD和WT的运动想象脑电信号消噪方法

采集到的运动想象脑电信号MI EEG(Motor Imagery Electroencephalogram)通常含有大量噪声信号.为了消除噪声同时保留尽可能多的有效信号,本文提出了将集合经验模态分解EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition)与改进小波阈值法相结合的消噪方法.改进小波阈值法采用了新的阈值选取规则和阈值函数.首先对信号进行EEMD分解,然后再对高频固有模态函数IMF(Intrinsic Mode Functions)进行改进小波阈值处理,最后将处理后的高频IMF分量和低频IMF分量进行重构得到消噪信号.以信噪比和均方根误差作为消噪效果的定量评价指标,将本文提出的方法与单纯使用EEMD分解消噪法、单独使用改进小波阈值消噪法、EMD与改进小波阈值法相结合消噪法进行比较,结果表明,本文提出的消噪法优于其他三种消噪法.     

地震信号小波变换的去噪方法

运用模极大值法基本原理进行地震信号去噪研究,进而运用二次小波变换原理通过低层系数处理对常用小波去噪方法进行改进.通过合成不同的染噪地震信号,由一系列仿真实验对模拟地震信号进行不同尺度的小波分解与重构,从而实现最优小波分解尺度上的地震信号噪声去除.与常用的快速傅立叶转换方法比较,仿真结果表明,该小波变换方法能够有效去除地震勘探信号中的噪声,并且针对系数的二次小波变换可以明显改进去噪的效果.     

基于修正维纳滤波的小波包变换图像去噪

图像去噪是图像处理中一个非常重要的环节。为了改善降质图像质量,根据Donoho提出的小波阈值去噪算法,分析了维纳滤波原理,提出了一种基于修正维纳滤波的小波包变换图像去噪方法。利用修正维纳滤波对噪声图像进行处理,用处理后的图像计算噪声的标准方差,以此作为小波包的阈值。利用小波包对维纳滤波后的图像进行分解,实现对图像的低频和高频部分分别进行分解,用计算出的阈值对小波包树系数进行软阈值处理。利用小波包逆变换来获取去噪后的图像。结果表明：在噪声方差为0.01时,经该算法去噪后图像的PSNR比小波包自适应阈值去噪后的PSNR高出8.8 dB。该算法不仅能有效地去除加性高斯白噪声,而且能很好地保留边缘信息,极大地改善了图像的视觉质量。     

基于自适应分解层数和阈值的小波去噪算法

为了更好地降低电能质量扰动信号中的噪声,提出了一种基于自适应分解层数和阈值的小波去噪算法.通过计算小波细节系数的峰值比,自适应地确定最佳小波分解层数,根据各层细节系数中有用信息和噪声信息的分布特性以及细节系数的正、负峰值比,动态调整各层细节系数的上、下阈值.应用Matlab对暂态振荡和脉冲信号进行去噪处理,并与传统硬、软阈值算法和一种改进小波阈值算法相比.结果表明:本文提出的自适应分解层数和阈值的小波去噪算法得到的信噪比和均方根误差均优于以上3种方法,重构后信号更接近原始信号,并且较好地保留了扰动期间信号的特征信息.     

改进的小波双阈值双因子函数去噪

针对传统的小波阈值函数在阈值处不连续、小波估计系数存在偏差等不足,导致去噪后的信号产生吉布斯振荡、失真和信噪比(SNR)无法提高等问题,提出了一种改进的小波阈值函数去噪方法。与传统的软、硬阈值和半软阈值等函数相比,该函数不仅在阈值处连续,便于运算处理,而且由于双阈值变量和双可变因子的引入,使得该函数既兼容了传统阈值函数的优点,还可以通过调节双阈值和双因子,来提高实际应用的灵活性。为了验证该阈值函数的优越性,通过仿真实验并对比几种小波去噪方法的信噪比和均方根误差,实验结果表明,经本阈值函数去噪后的信号在平滑度和失真度上有较大改善,相比软阈值函数,信噪比提高了22.2%,均方根误差减小了42.6%。