材料线膨胀系数对拉伸剪切性能的影响

为了研究被粘接材料的线膨胀系数对胶接件拉伸剪切性能的影响,用改性环氧树脂(EP)胶粘剂粘接不同材料,并对该胶接件进行拉伸剪切强度试验和温度影响试验。研究结果表明,被粘接材料的线膨胀系数不同会导致胶层在热冷变化过程中受到内应力作用而破坏,同时热空气进入胶层会导致胶层氧化变色,致使胶粘剂界面结合强度和胶粘剂自身强度降低;两种被粘接材料的线膨胀系数差异越大,经热冷变化后胶接件的拉伸剪切性能越低;在相同条件下,热冷变化温差越大,胶接件的拉伸剪切性能越低。     

温度对车辆胶接件拉伸强度的影响研究

拉伸强度是评价车辆胶接件粘接强度的重要参数之一。为研究温度对车辆胶接件拉伸强度的影响,分别测定了7个温度测点胶粘剂的拉伸强度,并利用最小二乘法对该胶粘剂拉伸强度随温度的变化规律进行拟合。研究结果表明:胶粘剂的拉伸强度随温度升高而逐渐降低,二次多项式函数能较准确地表达该变化规律;通过不同温度测点组合曲线拟合精度的对比,得到了-40、0、90℃是最主要的3个温度测点;提出了修正系数的概念,使得所拟合的曲线可用于指导车辆胶接件的工程设计。     

胶层厚度对环氧胶粘剂使用环境下力学性能影响的试验研究

为了研究不同厚度胶粘剂在其使用环境条件下对力学性能的影响,从两种金属结构环氧胶粘剂中各挑选了两种厚度的胶粘剂,并在不同的使用环境下研究不同胶层厚度对剪切强度、剥离强度、平面拉伸强度和蠕变的影响。研究结果表明:在高低温环境、湿热环境、JP-4燃油浸泡处理的试样件剪切强度、平面拉伸强度性能以及蠕变试验中,0.3 mm的胶层厚度比0.6 mm胶层厚度对胶粘剂的力学性能影响大;在盐雾环境、阻燃液压油浸泡处理的试样件剪切强度以及蜂窝剥离强度试验中,胶层厚度对胶粘剂力学性能的影响不明显;在3型试验液浸泡处理的试样件剪切强度以及滚筒剥离强度试验中,0.6 mm的胶层厚度比0.3 mm胶层厚度对胶粘剂的力学性能影响大。     

改善单组分热固化胶粘剂流淌性的研究

单组分热固化胶粘剂在固化升温过程中因黏度下降而易出现流淌现象,造成胶接区域缺胶,从而增加了施工难度、降低了粘接可靠性。高分子尼龙织物的网孔易于存胶,可有效改善胶粘剂的流淌性;采用尼龙织物和金属丝网控制铝合金胶接件中的胶层厚度,并对上述胶接件在不同温度时的拉伸剪切强度进行了对比试验。研究结果表明:对同种单组分热固化胶粘剂而言,含尼龙织物胶接件的胶接强度并未下降,并且解决了胶粘剂在固化升温过程中因黏度降低而易流淌的问题,而且尼龙织物可较方便地控制胶层厚度。     

温度对芳纶纤维/EP复合材料与EPDM界面粘接性能影响研究

以芳纶纤维/环氧树脂(F-3A/EP)缠绕层作为固体火箭发动机用复合材料壳体、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)作为绝热层,采用适宜的胶粘剂制备壳体/EPDM、Φ480 mm壳体/EPDM和大尺寸壳体/EPDM胶接件,并着重探讨了固化条件(温度、时间等)对上述胶接件界面拉伸强度、剪切强度和剥离强度等影响。研究结果表明:3种类型的试样经130℃固化6 h后,其界面拉伸强度(3.02 MPa)、剪切强度(5.42 MPa)均明显提高,而Φ480 mm壳体/EPDM和大尺寸壳体/EPDM胶接件的剥离强度均达到5.84 N/mm,说明该胶粘剂及固化工艺完全满足壳体对EPDM绝热层的界面粘接要求;继续提高固化温度或延长固化时间,并不能显著提高胶接件的剥离强度,但对胶接件的成型工艺要求明显提高。     

浇注型聚氨酯弹性体与金属粘接性能的研究

以CPUE(浇注型聚氨酯弹性体)和45#钢为试验对象,探讨了胶粘剂种类、金属表面处理、聚氨酯(PU)硬度、加热时间和保存时间对CPUE/金属胶接件粘接性能的影响。研究结果表明:在5种胶粘剂中,双组分胶粘剂245N的粘接强度相对最高,而胶粘剂240N的耐水性相对最好;聚酯型CPUE/金属胶接件的粘接强度高于聚醚型CPUE/金属胶接件,高硬度CPUE/金属胶接件的粘接强度高于低硬度CPUE/金属胶接件;胶粘剂的粘接强度随加热时间延长而逐渐降低,CPUE/金属胶接件的保存时间为7 d时,粘接强度仍相对较高。     

高温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂的研究

制备了一种有机硅胶粘剂,该胶粘剂主要由苯基硅橡胶与ＭＱ硅树脂组成,对影响该胶粘剂胶接强度的因素进行了研究。结果表明：该胶粘剂对铝有较好的胶接强度,其剪切强度与ＭＱ树脂的结构有很大关系,随ＭＱ树脂用量的增加而提高,催化剂的种类和用量对胶接强度也有影响。另外,该胶粘剂具有优良的耐高温老化性能以及对聚四氟乙烯较好的胶接性能。     

API固化反应过程的特性研究

使用不同性能的多官能度异氰酸酯作为水性高分子异氰酸酯(API)胶粘剂的交联固化剂,当主剂与交联固化剂混合均匀时,考察了不同种类羧基丁苯(SBR)胶乳及不同性能的交联固化剂对胶粘剂在固化过程中的黏度、胶接剪切强度和固化速率的影响,探索了API胶粘剂的固化反应机制,并且利用差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究了API胶粘剂的固化反应速率随温度变化的规律。研究结果表明,SBR-1的适用期达到2h,最大剪切强度为5.5 MPa;交联固化剂的种类是影响API胶粘剂适用期和胶接性能的重要因素,环境温度和胶液调配后的放置时间是影响API胶粘剂固化反应速率的重要因素。     

螺旋桨用榉木层板胶粘剂性能测试及工艺研究

为了解决木质螺旋桨的稳定性与变形问题,选用自制的聚氨酯(PU)胶粘剂对榉木层板进行胶接后再加工成螺旋桨。分别对胶接件的力学性能、耐热性、耐寒性、耐水性和耐湿热老化性能等进行了测定,探索了自制PU胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件,并进行了常温、高低温处理后的发动机试车试验。结果表明:自制PU胶粘剂具有较高的综合力学强度及稳定性能(其平均常温拉伸剪切强度和压缩剪切强度分别为8.13 MPa和15.00 MPa,平均高低温拉伸剪切强度和压缩剪切强度分别超过6.50 MPa和7.10 MPa;在水中浸泡20 h或湿热环境中放置24 h后,其平均压缩剪切强度分别为5.85 MPa和11.75 MPa),完全满足木质螺旋桨的使用要求。     

胶粘剂剪切模量的测试方法研究

参考ASTM D 3983—98标准的相关测试方法,设计出粘接夹具和剪切测试夹具,对3种环氧胶粘剂的剪切强度和剪切模量进行了测试试验,分析了拉伸剪切载荷-形变关系、测试了温度(-55℃、24℃和125℃)以及胶层厚度对剪切强度和剪切模量的影响。结果表明:本测试方法可以实现在不同温度环境条件下对胶粘剂剪切强度与剪切模量的测试,结果稳定可靠;胶层厚度对剪切强度和剪切模量测试结果影响十分显著,推荐胶接长度为15 mm左右,胶层厚度控制在0.30 mm左右。     

G／Epoxy复合材料胶接强度研究

使用G／Epoxy作为底材研究了垫板、结构胶黏剂厚度和底材表面处理对拉伸剪切强度的影响。使用光学显微镜观察了断口形貌。结果表明加垫板能减小试验过程中由于加载偏心引起剥离应力,测试结果较大;结构胶黏剂的厚度和底材表面处理对拉伸剪切强度影响十分明显,随着厚度的增大而减小,经打磨表面裸露出纤维的试样拉伸剪切强度很低。结构胶黏剂厚度较小时以内聚破坏为主,随着厚度的增加破坏模式转变为粘接破坏。     

A study on the lap shear strength of a co-cured single lap joint

In this paper, the lap shear strength of a co-cured single lap joint subjected to a tensile load was investigated by experimental analysis. Co-cured joint specimens with several different bonding parameters such as bond length, surface roughness, and stacking sequence of the composite laminate were fabricated and tested. The dependence of the lap shear strength of the co-cured joint on the bonding parameters was investigated from the experimental results. The failure mechanism of the co-cured single lap joint was partially cohesive failure. The lap shear strength of the co-cured single lap joint was significantly affected by the bond length and the stacking sequence of the composite laminate. However, the effect of surface roughness on the lap shear strength of the co-cured single lap joint was not so significant.     

碳酸钙晶须改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的研究

以碳酸钙(CaCO3)晶须为EP(环氧树脂)胶粘剂的增强填料,研究了填料种类、含量及表面处理方法等对EP胶粘剂性能的影响。结果表明:在其他条件保持不变的前提下,未改性CaCO3晶须可使EP胶粘剂的拉伸剪切强度提高10%~80%,耐热性略有提高,其外推起始热分解温度为370℃;对CaCO3晶须用质量分数为1%的硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理后,其可使EP胶粘剂的拉伸剪切强度提高30%~110%;CaCO3晶须是一种应用前景良好的胶粘剂用增强填料。     

Bonding effectiveness of different dentin conditions on etch-and-rinse mode of two universal adhesives: the confocal laser scanning and shear bond strength

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength and the morphological differences of adhesive/dentin interface of two one-step universal adhesives to dentin using different dentin-conditioning methods with etch-and-rinse mode. Ninety-six dentin specimens were randomly divided into two groups based on application of two adhesives and assigned to three subgroups according to different dentin conditioning (wet-bonding; air-dried; rewetting). After etching and rinsing, experimental dentin conditioning was conducted on the etched dentin specimens. All specimens were subjected to shear bond strength testing using a universal testing machine, and all data were statistically analyzed using two- way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test. All debonded specimens were examined for fracture pattern by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adjunctively, one specimen per group was prepared by the same processing and longitudinally sectioned. Then, the infiltration ability of adhesives into dentin was examined by observing the interface using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). Wet and Rewet groups exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength than dry groups on the etch-and-rinse system, regardless of different adhesives. The bond strength between wet and rewet groups showed no significant difference in Tukey’s test. Analysis of failure surface using SEM showed that predominant failure patterns were mixed in both the wet-bonding group and dry-bonding group. CLSM presented that resin penetration into etched dentin was enhanced similarly in wet and rewet group. Application of rewetting agents on dried dentin increased the bonding performance of universal adhesives on etch-and-rinse mode.     

Studies on the adhesion behavior of water-based adhesives blended with asan gum

The influence of asan gum, a locally available waste material obtained from the Terminalia alata tree, in blends with waterborne natural rubber adhesive and poly(vinyl acetate), on the lap shear strength and the peel strength has been investigated. Both the strength values increase, even with a small quantity of the gum. At a higher gum content, both these parameters, however, decrease. Fourier Transform Infrared studies reveal that there is no covalent bonding between the gum and the adhesives, although some hydrogen bonding exists in the poly(vinyl acetate) blend. Morphological studies reveal mechanical interlocking of the adhesive in the substrates. The pseudoplastic nature of the gum-modified waterborne adhesives has been confirmed from rheological studies using a Brookfield viscometer. The higher lap shear and peel strength values of the gum-modified adhesives compared to the control adhesives are attributed to the higher shear modulus of the former. The 100% modulus and tensile strength of the adhesives blended with the gum are also higher, compared to their controls.     

Mechanical characterization and damage assessment of thick adhesives for wind turbine blades using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques

Adhesives play a key role in the structural integrity of the Wind Turbine Blades as they are one of the main load carrying materials. A deep knowledge of the adhesives' mechanical behaviour in terms of failure mechanisms and damage processes enhances the attempt to optimize the blade design. Therefore, a comprehensive experimental programme was performed in order to determine the static mechanical properties of the adhesives. Ultimate tensile strength, ultimate compression strength, ultimate shear strength and the elastic properties of the adhesive specimens were determined through tensile and compression tests on dogbone specimens and single-lap bonded joints. The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was used to relate the acoustic activity in the specimens to their damage state. More specifically, a frequency-based methodology, analysing the AE data, was used for the identification of the different damage mechanisms into the material during the loading. In addition, Digital Image Correlation technique, as a full-field technique, was used to measure displacements and deformations.     

Hygrothermal Properties of Adhesively Bonded Joints and Their Correlation with Bulk Adhesive Properties

The combined effects of heat (50[ddot]C) and humidity (95% R.H.) on the lap shear and T-peel strengths of 120[ddot]C, 150[ddot]C and 215[ddot]C service epoxy film adhesives have been characterized. Experimental results have indicated that effects of hygrothermal conditioning on lap shear and peel properties vary with exposure time and final testing temperatures and type of adhesive tested. In the cases where cohesive failure was observed in the shear and peel specimens, a correlation could be established between the bulk properties of the adhesives (tensile strength and elongation) and their adhesively bonded joint properties (shear and peel). When testing was carried out at room temperature, a general correlation between the tensile elongation and T-peel or shear could be obtained. At below freezing temperatures, lap shear strength seemed to be correlated with bulk tensile strength while peel correlated with bulk tensile elongation. At elevated temperatures, the relative contributions of bulk strength and elongation were the decisive factors as far as shear and peel strengths are concerned.     

Shear strength of adhesively bonded polyolefins with minimal surface preparation

Interest in polyethylene and polypropylene bonding has increased in the last years. However, adhesive joints with adherends which are of low surface energy and which are chemically inert present several difficulties. Generally, their high degree of chemical resistance to solvents and dissimilar solubility parameters limit the usefulness of solvent bonding as a viable assembly technique. One successful approach to adhesive bonding of these materials involves proper selection of surface pre-treatment prior to bonding. With the correct pre-treatment it is possible to glue these materials with one or more of several adhesives required by the applications involved. A second approach is the use of adhesives without surface pre-treatment, such as hot melts, high tack pressure-sensitive adhesives, solvent-based specialty adhesives and, more recently, structural acrylic adhesives as such 3M DP-8005^® and Loctite 3030^®.In this paper, the shear strengths of two acrylic adhesives were evaluated using the lap shear test method ASTM D3163 and the block shear test method ASTM D4501. Two different industrial polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene) were used for adherends. However, the focus of this study was to measure the shear strength of polyethylene joints with acrylic adhesives. The effect of abrasion was also studied. Some test specimens were manually abraded using 180 and 320 grade abrasive paper. An additional goal of this work was to examine the effect of temperature and moisture on mechanical strength of adhesive joints.     

Polyurethane wood adhesive from palm oil-based polyester polyol

Polyurethane (PU) adhesives for wood bonding were prepared from palm oil-based polyester polyol in a solventless condition that reduces the risk of volatile organic compounds to human health and the environment. The polyester polyol was synthesized from epoxidized palm olein prior to reacting with polymeric 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) to produce wood-bonding PU adhesives. The effect of glycerol cross-linker, dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and NCO/OH ratio on lap shear strength and pot life of the PU adhesives were studied. The green strength of the PU adhesives was achieved on day 4 for TDI-based adhesives and day 5 for pMDI-based adhesives. The newly formulated PU adhesives have superior chemical resistance in cold water, hot water, acidic medium and alkaline medium by only showing light deterioration (2–8%) in lap shear strength. The PU adhesives prepared from pMDI exhibited higher lap shear strength and thermal stability as compared to adhesives prepared from TDI adduct. Both adhesives have improved mechanical performance (two folds higher in lap shear strength) as compared to commercial wood bonding adhesives.     

水中固化环氧树脂胶黏剂制备与性能研究

以固化剂、偶联剂及水泥用量,填料种类及其用量、促进剂及其用量等因素为考察对象,进行正交实验设计,考察了环氧胶黏剂中各组分用量对其剪切粘接强度的影响,并测试了其粘接性能及动态黏弹力学性能,同时进行了傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)结构表征和热重(TGA)分析。通过粘接性能测试,得到了自制固化剂复配环氧树脂及不同助剂的最优配方:环氧树脂100份、固化剂30份、偶联剂5份、水泥120份、填料10份、促进剂2.8份,该环氧胶黏剂的剪切粘接强度为22.0MPa左右,拉伸强度为12.50MPa左右,冲击强度为9.41kJ/m2。TGA表明:环氧胶黏剂在低于335℃时,热稳定性比较好,保留率为90%以上。DMA测试得到:该胶玻璃化温度Tg为50℃左右。通过探索,混凝土哑铃型试件水中固化环氧胶黏剂的拉伸粘接强度达2.5MPa以上。