开工烧嘴测试及运行控制优化

为提高开工烧嘴的点火成功率,确保气化装置投煤顺利,在开车前要对开工烧嘴的运行程序、安全联锁、工艺参数做出必要修改和调整。主要介绍了壳牌煤气化装置实际开车过程中,对开工烧嘴运行的成功优化,提高了点火效率,同时阐明了开车点火过程中的几个关键点。     

干粉加压煤气化炉一体化开工烧嘴损坏分析

干粉加压煤气化工艺以其对煤种适应性广，对煤的灰分、硫分和氧含量，对煤的粒度、粘结性、结焦性及活性等均不敏感等诸多优点，得到了广泛的应用。干煤粉气化炉采用专门的点火装置，为气化炉升压并点燃工艺煤烧嘴，由于原点火开工装置设计问题较多，事故不断，严重影响装置正常开车，因此新型一体化点火开工装置应运而生。新型一体化点火开工装置采用一体化开工烧嘴，通过全新的设计理念，将原先的三级点火变为两级，使煤气化装置点火开车理念上有了一个革命性的飞跃。由于新型开工烧嘴点火容易，燃烧稳定，受背压影响较小，因此适用于各种加压煤气化工艺。     

Tandem换热式转化装置开工烧嘴的操作

介绍换热式转化装置开工烧嘴的点火及开车过程,以及开工烧嘴的操作与运行条件及注意事项.     

影响开工烧嘴燃烧状态的因素及国内外开工烧嘴的差别

分析了开工烧嘴损坏的原因和影响开工烧嘴火焰长度的主要原因;提出了改善开工烧嘴燃烧状态的办法;对比了国内外开工烧嘴的差别。     

三喷嘴干煤粉气化炉点火烧嘴的优化改进

针对国内首套"三高煤"(高灰分含量、高灰熔点、高硫含量)干煤粉气化工业化装置投运后出现的点火烧嘴点火成功率低、火检信号不稳定、内外环氧调节困难等问题,分析其原因并采取了相应的改进措施。通过3年多的运行,证明改造是成功的,点火烧嘴存在的问题得到了有效解决。     

Shell煤气化装置煤烧嘴安装调整

详细介绍了Shell煤气化装置烧嘴布置结构及安装检修中实际问题,提出了控制煤烧嘴安装精度方法,为安装更换煤烧嘴提供参考。     

GSP点火烧嘴在国内、国外维修比较

神华宁煤烯烃公司气化装置气化炉上使用的烧嘴为组合烧嘴,即有主烧嘴和点火烧嘴组成,点火烧嘴在高温、高压的情况下及其容易烧损。目前烧损后的点火烧嘴修复均在国内完成,修复后的烧嘴使用寿命明显少于国外烧嘴使用寿命。为此,分析同种烧嘴在国内和国外维修后的使用情况很有必要了。     

开工烧嘴检修要点及改进方法

介绍开工烧嘴的使用情况及结构特点、工作原理、检修程序和方法，探讨如何提高开工烧嘴的检修效率。针对烧嘴铜头和不锈钢头存在不同程度的偏烧现象，使用专用工具，缩短不锈钢头与枪体焊接前的组对时间。将“O”型圈的横截面积修改后，可显著提高开工烧嘴的使用寿命和点火次数。     

Shell粉煤气化装置煤烧嘴的安装

介绍了Shell粉煤气化装置烧嘴布置结构,分析了煤烧嘴安装检修中误差存在的原因,提出了控制精度安装煤烧嘴的方法。在安装煤烧嘴前,先用模拟烧嘴和仿真烧嘴定位,测量和加工调整环及石墨缠绕垫的厚度,最后安装煤烧嘴,以确保安装的准确性。     

天然气气化炉升温烧嘴改进

通过对原点火、升温烧嘴存在的问题进行分析,有针对性地解决原点火、升温烧嘴存在的升温速度慢、火检信号不稳定、爆燃等问题。     

低压投煤技术在壳牌煤气化装置中的应用

壳牌煤气化装置低压投煤开车技术要求开工烧嘴在较低热负荷情况下的运行时间尽可能短,且气化炉压力在0.1～0.5 MPa（原设计为0.8～1.0 MPa）时就投用煤烧嘴,并通过煤烧嘴的运行来为气化炉升温升压,直至装置满负荷运行。分析了壳牌煤气化装置采用高压投煤开车存在的主要问题及其原因;对比了高压投煤和低压投煤的运行情况;...     

燃气燃烧器在灰融聚流化床粉煤气化炉上的创新设计及应用

针对燃气燃烧器在灰融聚流化床粉煤气化炉上首次应用时需进行配套技术设计的问题,介绍了灰融聚流化床粉煤气化的技术特点、工艺流程以及配套技术创新设计方案;论述了燃气燃烧器配套灰融聚流化床粉煤气化炉的工艺流程特点、点火程序要求以及气化炉的结构布置和安装要领;总结了采用创新设计后燃烧器的应用效果.     

Experimental Study on a Hot‐Oxygen Burner in a Bench‐Scale Gasifier

The direct‐ignition technology of an entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifier with hot‐oxygen burner (HOB) is presented. Experimental tests were carried out using diesel oil and coal‐water slurry in a bench‐scale entrained‐flow opposed multi‐burner (OMB) gasifier. Using a CCD camera equipped with high‐temperature endoscope, flame images inside the gasifier were recorded and subsequently processed. The results show that the HOB diesel flame is more stable than the normal two‐channel burner flame typically used. Entrained‐flow coal‐water slurry gasifiers can start up using the HOB directly without a higher preheated wall temperature. An HOB can potentially save gasifier preheating time and operation costs and enables a wide range of future applications.     

Numerical simulation of oxy-coal combustion for a swirl burner with EDC model简

The characteristics of oxy-coal combustion for a swirl burner with a specially designed preheating chamber are studied numerically. In order to increase the accuracy in the prediction of flame temperature and igni- tion position, eddy dissipation concept （EDC） model with a skeletal chemical reaction mechanism was adopted to describe the combustion of volatile matter. Simulation was conducted under six oxidant stream conditions with dif- ferent OjN2/CO2 molar ratios： 21/79/0, 30/70/0, 50/50/0, 21/0/79, 30/0/70 and 50/0/50. Results showed that 02 en- richment in the primary oxidant stream is in favor of combustion stabilization, acceleration of ignition and increase of maximum flame temperature, while the full substitution of N2 by CO2 in the oxidant stream delays ignition and decreases the maximum flame temperature. However, the overall flow field and flame shapes in these cases are very similar at the same flow rate of the primary oxidant stream. Combustion characteristics of the air-coal is similar to that of the oxy-coal with 30% 02 and 70% CO2 in the oxidant stream, indicating that the rear condition is suitable for retrofitting an air-coal fired boiler to an oxy-coal one. The swirl burner with a specially designed preheating chamber can increase flame temperature, accelerate ignition and enhance burning intensity of pulverized coal under oxy-coal combustion. Also, qualitative experimental validation indicated the burner can reduce the overall NOx emission under certain 02 enrichment and oxy-coal combustion conditions against the air-coal combustion.     

煤粉工业锅炉燃烧器研究进展

燃烧器作为煤粉燃烧技术核心关键设备,主要作用是将燃料与空气合理混合,使燃料稳定着火并形成某种流场以利于后续完全燃烧。实现安全节能环保燃烧,必须根据燃料的特性,选择合理的燃烧器类型及布置形式。因此,本文介绍了国内外几种典型的旋流燃烧器的分类及其特点,并总结了旋流燃烧器的发展趋势。     

燃烧器出口磨损数学模型的建立及其应用

燃烧器出口磨损速度决定着其使用寿命。在研究了燃烧器内高速煤粉流对壁面磨损情况后,建立了具有普遍意义的燃烧器磨损预测模型。进一步研究模型得出:燃烧器出口磨损主要与煤粉流量、煤风速度、煤粉粒径、壁面温度、壁面煤粉浓度、出口收缩角、壁面温度等参数及出口材质等因素有关,降低上述参数值及增加出口材质耐磨性等方法能有效减少磨损。由该模型计算出的回转窑燃烧器寿命与实际使用寿命基本吻合,这证明了模型的可靠性。某厂用该模型指导现有燃烧器工作参数的优化,使平均寿命增加了300多天。     

水煤浆、重油两用燃烧器的应用

主要论述了水煤浆、重油两用燃烧器的实际运行情况及存在的一些问题,并提出相应的改进措施,对水煤浆燃烧器的设计及燃油锅炉改烧水煤浆有一的参考价值。     

Influence of coal-feed rates on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

A tiny-oil ignition burner has been proposed to reduce oil consumption during the firing-up process and partial-load operations. To investigate the influence of different feed rates on bituminous coal ignition in the tiny-oil ignition burner, full-scale reacting-flow experiments were performed on an experimental set-up. The ignition burner was identical to that normally used in an 800-MWe utility boiler. Gas temperature distributions in the burner were obtained at coal-feed rates of 2, 3, 4, and 5 tonnes/h. Char burnout and release of C and H were observed at the exit of the burner nozzle. Gas compositions such as O₂ and CO were measured in the center of the burner. A change in resistance was obtained within the burner. A saving of 90% over previous oil consumption was gained in the firing-up process by using the new oil-gun technology.     

壳牌煤气化炉Ⅱ代烧嘴罩的设计特点

简述了壳牌粉煤气化工艺流程,介绍了气化炉烧嘴罩的结构和作用,分析了Ⅰ代烧嘴罩存在的问题及原因;从结构、材质、安装方式等方面阐述了新型Ⅱ代烧嘴罩的设计特点,对比了Ⅱ代烧嘴罩与Ⅰ代烧嘴罩在中石化3套气化装置的应用情况。结果表明,Ⅱ代烧嘴罩的运行较为稳定,较之Ⅰ代烧嘴罩,其泄漏次数之比仅为1∶32。