环境相对湿度对超薄双零铝箔质量的影响

研究了环境相对湿度对铝熔体中氢含量的影响。结果表明,环境相对湿度能影响铸轧坯料的质量,也是影响超薄双零铝箔产品针孔数量和成品率的因素之一。适合生产优质超薄双零铝箔用铸轧坯料的环境相对湿度应在55%以下,当湿度大于65%时,超薄双零铝箔的针孔数量明显增加,成品率降低。     

1235铝合金冷加工过程中组织演变

为进一步掌握铝箔坯料在冷加工过程中的组织演变规律,以1235铝合金双零箔坯料为研究对象,探究其7.0 mm厚铸轧坯料冷轧至3.8,1.8,0.9,0.5 mm过程中第二相形貌、尺寸的变化情况。结果表明,铸轧坯料冷轧一道次后均匀化退火未改变第二相的属性,只是在一定程度上改变了相的尺寸,组织内的θ相(FeAl₃)会发生溶解和均匀化扩散,且在高温下部分θ析出相形貌发生了变化,长大变成针状;后在一道次冷轧至1.8 mm过程中针状相发生了明显的“折断”,但在随后的冷轧过程中,针状相被破碎至5～8μm范围内以后再很难被进一步破碎,验证了针状第二相“硬而脆”的特性,说明在退火过程中控制尺寸>5μm第二相的数量的重要性。     

铝箔上光油的性能分类与故障排除方法

铝箔的打底涂料其目的是：将铝箔和油墨紧密连接在一起，是铝箔和油墨之间的一层涂料(浆)，其作用促使底油牢固地附着在铝箔上(因铝箔的表面张力与聚烯烃接近，为32dyn而印刷油墨难以粘附)，并能和油墨结合。因此，打底可以选择利用滚筒的传递使橡皮辊筒上的上光油(涂料或面油)均匀地涂布在铝箔上：或者利用凹版辊筒的网纹直接转移到铝箔上。光轴有如下技术要求：     

包装用铝箱市场发展空间巨大

随着我国国民经济和铝加工工业的快速发展，包装用铝箔已成为铝箔市场重要的消费增长点。目前，中围每年可消费16．13万t铝箔，已成为仅次于美围的全球第二大铝箔消费国，但人均占有量不足发达国家的1／10，特别是包装用铝箔的用量还很有限，具有广阔的发展空间。     

铝箔复合包装材料的开发应用

铝箔不仅质地柔软，延展性好，便于加工，而且轻便美观，回收容易，有利环保，是现代包装中最常用的材料之一。但因铝箔容易在包装、使用过程中形成针孔而降低其阻隔性能，所以铝箔常与纸、高分子聚合物或其他金属薄板等制成复合材料使用。实践证明，铝箔复合材料可大大提高包装的阻隔性，提高铝箔的力学强度和机械性能，尤其适合制作复合软包装及包装衬里，广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品等商品的包装。     

《药品包装铝箔印刷工艺分析》

由于铝箔具备优异的阻隔性及光泽性、抗酸碱功能，在医药包装方面得到广泛的应用，如药品片剂，胶囊包装均采用泡罩包装形式越来越普遍。药品的泡罩包装亦称PTP包装是以工业用纯铝箔为基材，在药用PTP铝箔涂布机械上，采用凹版印刷技术及辊涂方法在铝箔表面印刷文字图案，并涂保护层，     

可防止酸及酱油侵蚀的铝箔

日本东洋铝业公司开发出一种铝箔，在与酸接触时不会受到破坏。一般的铝箔均含有小量的铁、铜和镁；这些元素可提高铝箔的强度，但却使其抗蚀能力降低。新的铝箔材料中减少了这些影响抗蚀性能的成分，但是增加了锰的含量以确保其强度。     

废铝箔的回收利用

随着科学技术和国民经济的发展，铝箔在包装、电子行业中应用越来越广泛，我国的铝箔生产发展也十分迅猛，年产量超过8万吨，其中80％～90％用于香烟、糖果及日常用品的包装。目前，这些包装纸用后均作为垃圾丢弃，这不但浪费资源，还造成环境污染。另外铝箔生产过程中切割下来的边角废料也没有得到很好的处理。因此废铝箔的回收利用是有现实意义的。     

铝塑复合包材的开发应用

铝箔不仅质地柔软，延展性好，便于加工，而且轻便美观，回收容易，有利环保，是现代包装中最常用的材料之一。但因铝箔在包装使用过程中容易形成针孔而降低其阻隔性能，所以铝箔常与高分子聚合物、纸或其他金属薄板等制成复合材料使用。实践证明，     

微观组织对电解电容器铝箔比电容的影响

主要探讨了微观组织结构对电解电容器用铝箔比电容的影响。分析表明，高压阳极铝箔需要具有95％以上的立方织构以及一定的晶粒度；软各中低压阳极铝箔需要有75％～85％的立方织构，防止粗大的第二相产生，正品粒要求细小；硬念中低压阳极铝箔需要有高的位错密度和85％以上的(110)织构。硬态负极铝箔要求全属间化合物粒子细小弥散分布在Al基体中，均匀的位错分布和柯氏气团，从而获得均匀的海绵孔腐蚀。     

Automatic vision-based grain optimization and analysis of multi-crystalline solar wafers using hierarchical region growing

Solar power has become an attractive alternative source of energy. The multi-crystalline solar cell has been widely accepted in the market because it has a relatively low manufacturing cost. Multi-crystalline solar wafers with larger grain sizes and fewer grain boundaries are higher quality and convert energy more efficiently than mono-crystalline solar cells. In this article, a new image processing method is proposed for assessing the wafer quality. An adaptive segmentation algorithm based on region growing is developed to separate the closed regions of individual grains. Using the proposed method, the shape and size of each grain in the wafer image can be precisely evaluated. Two measures of average grain size are taken from the literature and modified to estimate the average grain size. The resulting average grain size estimate dictates the quality of the crystalline solar wafers and can be considered a viable quantitative indicator of conversion efficiency.     

基于尺寸效应的镁合金箔材本构关系的研究

目的探究AZ31镁合金微拉伸过程中存在的尺寸效应,提出适用于镁合金微拉伸的本构模型。方法以AZ31镁合金箔材为试验材料,分别针对不同厚度和不同晶粒大小的试样进行微拉伸试验。结果试样在单向拉伸时存在明显的尺寸效应,在实验数据的基础上对Swift模型进行修正,得到了适用于镁合金微拉伸过程的本构方程。结论用表面层模型解释了不同厚度的试样,在微拉伸试验时出现的尺寸效应现象,用细晶强化理论解释了不同晶粒尺寸的试样,在微拉伸试验时出现的尺寸效应现象;修正后的本构模型与试验数据吻合较好。     

铜箔抗拉强度及延伸率的尺寸效应研究

为了研究尺寸参数对金属箔材的抗拉强度和延伸率的影响规律,采用不同厚度和晶粒尺寸的铜箔进行室温单向拉伸试验.试验结果表明:铜箔的抗拉强度和延伸率同时受厚度和晶粒尺寸的影响,这种尺寸效应的描述必须引入无量纲的厚度晶粒尺寸比(T/D)作为比较参数.抗拉强度在不同厚度晶粒尺寸比区间内的变化规律不同;而延伸率在厚度晶粒尺寸比相同时都随厚度的减小而降低.拉伸断口的扫描电镜分析显示箔材的延伸率随着厚度的减小出现的突降和断裂机制的变化有关.     

脉冲电流条件下Ni箔流动应力及其尺寸效应的神经网络模型

目的揭示脉冲电流对金属箔材室温流动应力及其尺寸效应的影响规律,构建脉冲条件下Ni箔室温塑性流动的本构模型。方法采用单向拉伸试验,测试不同试样尺寸的Ni箔在不同电流密度条件下的单向拉伸性能。根据本构方程的输入、输出参数,设计BP神经网络结构,并利用试验数据对其进行训练及预测精度检验。结果单向拉伸试验结果表明,箔材厚度与晶粒尺寸之比及变形过程中引入的脉冲电流均会对材料的流动应力产生显著影响,且其影响规律高度复杂。脉冲电流条件下,构建的金属箔材流动应力尺寸效应神经网络模型,其预测相对误差控制在6%以内,相关系数R达到0.99。结论该神经网络模型准确描述了脉冲电流条件下金属Ni箔流动应力尺寸效应,为该材料塑性变形过程分析及合理制定工艺参数奠定了理论基础。     

Transmission electron microscopy studies of nanostructured TiO2 films on various substrates

A chemical vapour deposition (CVD) synthetic route to the production of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide has been carefully investigated on various substrates. CVD was performed at a relatively low temperature of 320 °C on KCl crystal, Al foil, KBr pellet and freshly sliced MICA substrates. The influence of substrate material on film formation was studied in order to find a titanium dioxide film with good intercalation properties for an electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell. Intercalation properties depend on average grain sizes and porosity in nanophased materials. These films were thoroughly characterized with respect to their surface morphology, crystal structure and the phase composition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) accompanied by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) was employed for structural characterization of TiO₂ films. The studies showed that films deposited on KCl crystal, KBr pellet and MICA are solely composed of an anatase phase whereas in the film deposited onto Al foil, the brookite phase of TiO₂ is also present. The structural parameters of anatase were determined using the Rietveld refinement of electron diffraction data. By comparison of anatase lattice parameters with their corresponding bulk values, the significant deviation in values of lattice parameters a and c in anatase phase was observed and attributed to the thin-film features. The average grain size and the grain size distribution obtained by TEM were compared for TiO₂ films deposited on different substrates.     

双零铝箔生产过程中针孔缺陷的形成及预防

为降低双零铝箔针孔缺陷,对铝箔毛料状况、轧制工艺、生产环境等因素进行分析,找出导致双零铝箔针孔产生的原因,提出相应的控制措施,使双零铝箔针孔数大幅度降低,达到提高铝箔质量的目标。     

Effect of cast and extruded stock on grain structure of EN AW 6082 alloy forgings

Abstract

There has been a rapid increase in the use of aluminium forgings in the automotive industry, where weight savings is a critical requirement for reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Extruded bar is the typical forging stock particularly in the manufacture of suspension components. There has been a great interest to replace the extruded forging stock with cast billets of the same diameter. The casting and extrusion routes for the manufacture of EN AW 6082 alloy forging stock were compared in the present work. The control arm produced via forging of the cast stock offers a very uniform grain structure and much superior surface quality with respect to its counterpart produced by the forging of the extruded stock owing to a much smaller grain structure at the surface of the forged component after the T6 heat treatment.     

热处理对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔组织和力学性能的影响

电沉积法制备Ni-Fe合金箔具有工艺简单,能耗低,产品规格不受限制等优点,但其塑性和弹性模量较低限制了其应用发展.为了改善电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔的力学性能并扩大其应用范围,本文通过高温热处理方法改善其力学性能,采用SEM,XRD,EBSD分析手段对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔晶粒组织和结构进行了分析,通过高温热台显微镜进行原位在线观测晶粒组织的演变过程,并对热处理后的电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔进行力学性能分析.研究表明,热处理过程中电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔经历细晶组织阶段、混晶组织阶段和粗晶组织阶段,其中,在1 000~1 050℃容易发生晶粒异常长大.细晶组织阶段,电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔能够保证较高的强度,且塑性和弹性模量明显提高,综合性能较好;混晶组织阶段,强度和塑性较低,弹性模量有一定程度提高;粗晶组织阶段,强度很低,但塑性和弹性模量有较大程度提高.     

Heat treatment and microstructure of an Fe---Ni---Co Invar alloy strengthened by intermetallic precipitation

Microstructural developments during the heat treatment of an Fe---Ni---Co---Al---Ti Invar alloy have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The primary strengthening mechanism is the formation of a fine distribution of spherical γ′-type intermetallic precipitates, while overaging is accompanied by the formation of η-type precipitates, with a plate morphology, that grow at the expense of γ′. The chemical composition of the precipitates has been determined by extracting them on a carbon foil followed by analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The steps involved in the preparation of samples for electron microscopy are detailed. An estimate of the dissolution temperatures of γ′ and η has been made using a combination of hardness and grain size measurements. This information has been utilized to develop a heat treatment that produces very fine grain sizes while retaining an adequate level of strength.     

金银箔复合板纸

本文介绍高档国产包装材料金银箔复合板纸的生产情况,工艺流程及质量要求,以及生产中的主要注意事项。