DTTB的双基地雷达模糊函数及目标分辨力分析

通过双基地模糊函数分析比较了数字电视地面广播(DTTB)标准下单载波和多载波2种信号形式分别应用于双基地雷达的性能及目标分辨特性,研究了不同接收角度下,DTTB 系统2种信号应用模式的模糊函数图,得到了双基地模糊函数形式下副峰的相对位置、产生原因以及与单基地模糊函数副峰位置的关系。分析了双基地雷达应用中 DTTB 信号的速度分辨力和距离分辨力,指出 DTTB标准下单载波与多载波信号形式的双基地雷达分辨力大致相同,单载波形式的分辨力相对更优。     

基于CMMB的外辐射源雷达信号模糊函数分析与处理

根据中国移动多媒体广播(CMMB)信号结构,该文分析了该信号作为雷达辐射源的模糊函数特性,研究了副峰产生的机理,并与欧洲数字视频地面广播(DVB-T)信号特性做了比对;针对因循环前缀引起的模糊函数副峰和同步信号引起的多普勒模糊带对目标探测产生的不利影响,提出了副峰抑制的方法。仿真和实测结果验证了文中副峰产生机理分析的正确性,同时所采用的方法能有效抑制模糊副峰,为目标探测奠定了基础。     

基于CDR 数字音频广播的外辐射源雷达信号模糊函数分析与处理

CDR (China Digital Radio)数字音频广播是我国自主研发的FM 频段(87-108 MHz)数字音频广播新标准,它兼容我国现有模拟FM 广播的频谱规划,能够满足我国FM 频段声音广播从模拟到数字平滑过渡的需求。该文从CDR 信号结构入手,重点探讨了基于该广播的外辐射源雷达信号特性及相关处理方法。首先分析其信号特性以及作为外辐射源雷达照射源的模糊函数特性;然后针对因循环前缀引起的模糊函数副峰、同步信号引起的多普勒模糊带以及信号频谱不连续导致的距离副峰对目标探测的不利影响,分别提出了相应的副峰抑制方法,并通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。      

跳频编码脉冲信号模糊图的绘制

跳频编码脉冲信号是一种新的脉冲压缩雷达信号形式，极具研究价值。模糊函数是设计和研究雷达信号的主要数学工具。跳频编码脉冲雷达信号模糊函数的计算十分复杂，模糊图绘制非常困难。通过运用模糊函数的卷积算法，应用Matlab语言简便快捷地计算并绘制了三维模糊图、Fd切面图、Td切面图和模糊度图，并给出了绘制方法。     

LA3361锁相环调频立体声解码器的特性及应用

众所周知,立体声广播有一项基本要求,就是“兼容性”.也就是说,要求用立体声收音机能够收听普通单声道调频广播.同样,也要求用普通的单声道调频收音机能够收听到立体声广播(无立体声感觉).为了满足这个要求,在立体声广播发射系统中通常对左(L),右(R)两路信号进行“和差”处理,即和信号为M=L+R,差信号为S=L-R.然后,再将M,S信号经过“频率分割制副载波多工法”处理.同时,加入19kHz导频信号,组成了一个新的组合频谱,在同一台发射机上发送出去.图1是导频制调频立体声广播发射系统的简单方框图.图2是这种导频制调频立体声组合信号的频谱图.     

雷达通信一体化波形应用研究

根据雷达通信一体化应用需求,提出了副载波和非均衡四相键控(UQPSK)调制两种波形,分析了副载波信号的模糊函数,对副载波和UQPSK信号的模糊函数和脉压结果进行了仿真。通过合理分配通信信号和雷达信号的功率,两种波形均可以实现雷达与通信信号的同时传输。副载波信号采用线性/非线性调频,对多普勒不敏感,雷达处理相对比较简单,但频谱的效率却比较低。UQPSK信号虽然提高了频谱效率,但存在码间串扰,并且由于使用二元伪随机序列,波形对多普勒较敏感。     

窄带跳频信号的无模糊时差估计算法

针对跳频信号的高精度时差估计问题,分析了跳频信号相关函数的模糊特性,提出了基于多跳相干积累的跳频信号时差估计方法.多跳相关函数中存在周期副峰,将导致时差估计出现周期模糊,提出了两种消除模糊的方法——单跳时差平均法与相关函数包络拟合法.两种方法获得的时差粗值可以确定在相关主峰附近小范围精确搜索的搜索区间,在此区间内进行时差估计可以消除周期模糊.单跳时差平均法通过对单跳时差估计进行非相干平均获得时差粗值.相关函数包络拟合法通过搜索到的多个周期峰值,进行包络拟合获得时差粗值.仿真表明,两种算法性能明显优于常规的互模糊函数法,均能降低无模糊时差估计对相关输出信噪比的要求,提高无模糊时差估计所要求的频率间隔.相关函数包络拟合法性能更优,但运算量更大.     

一种AltBOC信号无模糊捕获方法

交替二进制偏移载波调制(Alternate Binary Offset Carrier,Alt BOC)信号是从二进制偏移载波调制(Binary Offset Carrier,BOC)衍生来的一种调制信号,应用于Galileo和北斗卫星全球导航定位系统中。但由于Alt BOC调制信号自相关函数有多个副峰,易引起捕获模糊。在环路中增加远超前支路,并与即时相关器输出相相加,可以获得无副峰捕获观测量。分析了该方法的捕获性能,结果表明该方法能消除模糊问题,硬件实现上相对简单,捕获性能较好。     

调频收音机增加收听股市广播的方法

<正> 我国的股市信息广播是利用SCA广播技术(辅助通信业务广播)来实现的,是一种调频多工广播。图1为SCA广播的基带信号配置图,它包括立体声复合信号、SCA调频信号等。SCA广播的调制过程如下:首先用股市信息信号对SCA副载波频率(大多为41～95kHz)进行调频。我国国标规定,SCA广播副载波频率为67kHz。已调频的SCA副载波信号与其它广播信号(如立体声复合信号)一起构成基带信号,然后,用基带信号对载波频率进行调频,再由天线发射出去。由此可见,SCA广播实质上是一个二次调频过程。在这里,为叙述方便,我们把第一次被调频的SCA副载波频率(67kHz)称之为SCA中频。普通调频收音机对调频广播信号鉴频后,只解调出了基带信号,而对SCA广播,还需要再进行一次签频,才能解调出SCA广播的语音信号。由于SCA中频频率很低,相对频偏较大,故采用普通鉴频方法效果很不理想。为此本文介绍两种效果良好的普通调频收音机增加收听股市广播的方法。     

规则导频对OFDM信号自相关函数影响分析

导频的重现性导致了OFMD信号自相关函数副峰的出现,这对利用基于OFDM信号的雷达探测十分不利.对规则导频与自相关函数之间的关系进行了系统分析,确定了副峰位置与导频参数之间的关系,论证了循环前缀长度、导频功率变化、信噪比对副峰高度的影响,提出了通过改变导频值以降低副峰的办法,分析结论与所提方法对利用OFDM信号的探测系统设计具有重要参考价值.     

An OFDM all digital in-band-on-channel (IBOC) AM and FM radiosolution using the PAC encoder

The advances in digital communications and compression algorithms have made more efficient and more robust transmission schemes possible. Radio broadcast systems have not fully utilized these advances to their benefit. All digital robust radio broadcast systems for the AM and the FM band are proposed. The proposed systems are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology in conjunction with PAC for both the AM and the FM bands. The Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC) developed by Bell Laboratories compresses audio signals very efficiently with CD-like quality at 96 kbps and stereo FM-like quality at 48 kbps. These are rates achievable with 200 kHz and 30 kHz bandwidths available per FM and AM station respectively. No new spectrum is required since the digital signals are transmitted within the current allocated FCC masks. In an FM channel, a wide-band data subchannel can be provided in addition to the 96 kbps error protected PAC audio information     

Asymptotic evaluation of the ambiguity functions of high-gain FM matched filter sonar systems

The evaluation of radar and active sonar matched filter ambiguity functions is critical to waveform choice, the proper selection of reference signals, and the ability to estimate system performance. In the radar case the evaluation is facilitated by use of the narrow-band approximation wherein Doppler distortion of the transmitted modulation function is neglected. However, modern-day sonar signals are usually broad-band with respect to the carrier frequency and long in duration so that the narrow-band approximation cannot be employed. This creates difficulties in both analytic and computer ambiguity function evaluations. Analytic difficulties arise from the inability to solve the appropriate integrals; computer difficulties, based on direct cross correlation, arise from the long computation time required. This paper shows how evaluation of the ambiguity functions of FM sonar signals having high time-bandwidth products can be greatly facilitated by asymptotic approximations derived on the basis of the principle of stationary phase. Application of the theory allows many seemingly difficult ambiguity evaluation problems involving highly complicated integrals to be solved rapidly using algebraic techniques. As examples of the theory, the cases of linear FM under constant target velocity conditions and hyperbolic (Doppler invariant) FM under constant target acceleration conditions are worked out. In addition, some interesting adjustable Doppler tolerant characteristics of a special modulation technique (parabolic FM) are described.     

TNR型调频广播外辐射源雷达探测实验

针对信号带宽时变、目标RCS闪烁造成单调频广播外辐射源雷达探测性能下降的问题,研究了一种TNR型外辐射源雷达的试验方案,并开展了外场试验验证。首先,阐述了TNR型外辐射源雷达的定位原理。然后,基于外辐射源雷达探测原理和广播信号的特性,提出了TNR调频广播外辐射源雷达探测系统中多个辐射源的筛选原则。最后,构建试验系统并给出探测试验结果。结果表明,TNR型系统方案可以大幅度提高调频广播外辐射源雷达的发现概率和定位精度等性能。     

Synthetic-Aperture Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Functions: VII?Thumbtack Ambiguity Functions

In the sixth paper of this series, an approximation was used for certain correlation functions, but its justification was postponed. These correlation functions are investigated in more detail in the present paper. The theory of pulse-position and pulse-shape coding of radio signals is further advanced toward correlation and ambiguity functions with low or no sidelobes, and block diagrams of receivers are derived. It is shown how signals can be constructed that have a large average-to-peak power ratio of the radiated wave, and avoid at the same time large antenna currents. A class of signals and their receivers is derived whose ambiguity functions have theoretically no sidelobe in a selectable section of the range-Doppler domain. Such signals are ideal for the detection of low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles by means of an all-weather, look-down radar, the discrimination of radar decoys from an ICBM, and other uses calling for extreme resolution under any weather conditions.     

调频段DRM数字广播信道技术研究

2009年8月ETSI颁布的DRM(Digital Radio Mondiale)标准将调频段DRM数字广播囊括其中,介绍该标准中调频段DRM数字广播的优势与信道部分的技术特性。调频段DRM数字广播通过信道编码技术、信道复用、OFDM调制等技术,实现调频段广播信号的传输,与DAB相比可快速而平滑地实现FM波段广播由模拟向数字的过渡。     

Performance of a digital stereo FM modulator with reduced outputresolution

A digital stereo FM modulator has been built using a direct digital synthesiser (DDS). The system incorporates a digital stereo generator to provide the modulating signal. The stereo generator was sampled at 228 kHz and interpolation by 2 was carried out to move the unwanted FM sidebands further away from the FM carrier, in order to facilitate filtering. The paper presents the effects of quantisation noise on the system output by reduction in output resolution. Demodulation has been carried out so that the signal to noise and distortion ratios (SINAD) could be measured for all spectral components ⩽53 kHz with different monotone modulation frequencies and varying output resolution. An FM simulation of this process has been developed and the FM spectra produced by it are shown to match the experimental spectra almost exactly. These spectra complied with broadcast standards even with as little as a 6 bit output. The experimental system, with a 10 bit output, gives a SINAD performance which is ⩾77 dB     

Multicarrier constant envelope OFDM signal design for radar applications

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signals have been introduced for high range resolution radars. These signals have prominent properties such as favorable ambiguity function, high bandwidth efficiency, and possibility of use in dual mode radar/communication systems. But the large amplitude fluctuations of the OFDM signal make it susceptible to system nonlinearities. To alleviate this problem, constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) signal has been introduced which combines orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and phase modulation or frequency modulation. Although several works have been reported on OFDM radar signal design, there is no a systematic approach for designing CE-OFDM signals for radar applications. In this paper we will focus on CE-OFDM signal design for radar applications. Two different methods for designing a CE-OFDM signal with favorable ambiguity functions are introduced. The first one is based on modulating a complementary set of sequences on different sub-carriers while the second is based on using a proper single carrier coded signal and then extracting its most similar multicarrier OFDM or CE-OFDM coded signal.     

New calculation methods for echo-ranging ambiguity

In correlation echo ranging the ambiguity, or square of the signal autocorrelation envelope, is important, and two new approaches are presented that speed up general ambiguity calculations. Some signals such as linear FM can be represented by lines in a frequency-time plot, and for two such lines the cross ambiguity is associated with the point of crossing and depends on the angle of crossing. This method is extended to curved lines, including lines that touch rather than cross. Other signals have a noiselike modulation, and may be conveniently described by a distribution of spectral intensity in the frequency-time plot. For two such noise signals the mean value of the cross ambiguity depends very simply on the overlap of the two distributions. In the limit the two approaches are shown to give answers consistent with one another. In one illustrative application it is shown that, with symmetrical pulse forms, a high ambiguity at the extremes of the ambiguity diagram is always accompanied by an ambiguity concentration near the origin. In another example the ambiguity diagrams and general behavior are calculated for straight and slightly curved lines (FM pulses), for both the narrowband and wideband cases.     

中波调幅广播的发展方向

调幅立体声作为80年代发展起来的一项新技术日前在中波调幅广播中已处于逐步成熟与完善的阶段。本文详细介绍这项技术的发展历史以及与日前调频立体声的比较,并解释了调幅立体声中应用最广泛的美国MOTOROLA公司兼容正交调制(C—QuAM)的原理与发射系统。