工程建设征地农村移民安置中的乡村重构研究

当前我国水利水电工程建设征地农村移民安置过程中存在着许多问题,妥善解决农村移民安置问题,不仅能保证移民生产生活水平恢复和提高及社会稳定与团结,更能促进地区经济的发展和生态环境的改善。农村移民安置涉及移民生产、搬迁和基础设施的恢复,整个过程可以看作是移民安置区的乡村重构过程。乡村重构包括经济、社会和空间重构,研究移民安置区的乡村重构对更好的实现农村移民安置具有重大意义。     

珊溪水库移民安置现状调查及对策研究——以温州市鹿城区移民安置地为实证

基于对安置在温州市鹿城区的珊溪水库移民生产生活现状的调查,对自谋职业、自谋出路2种方式安置的移民生产生活中存在的问题及产生问题的原因进行了分析,并从实际出发,提出解决问题的对策和建议。     

合理确定水利工程移民生产安置人口的现实意义及计算方法

生产安置规划作为水利工程移民安置规划的灵魂与主线,关系到移民安置后的经济收入来源,关系到移民的生产、生活,关系到移民的经济恢复与发展,更关系到社会稳定大局。因此,合理的生产安置人口确定是做好生产安置规划的重要内容,介绍了水利工程移民安置规划中常用的生产安置人口计算方法。     

开发性移民启迪与展望

开发性移民的实践需要政策保证 ,其基础是移民安置规划 ,前提是移民搬迁与重建 ,核心是发展生产和恢复移民收入 ,成功的关键是管理 ,关注的重点是“移民” .2 1世纪开发性移民的发展趋势是 :开发性移民政策、法规体系将日趋完善 ,管理体系将得到健全和加强 ,决策将更加科学 ,管理过程更加系统化、科学化、正规化 ,移民利益调整按照社会主义市场经济规律进行 ,开发性移民过程中的人文因素将受到更广泛重视 ,公众参与和协商日趋广泛深入 ,移民安置与城市化实现双赢 ,移民系统人力资源将得到更好的开发和优化配置 ,移民社会经济发展水平将大幅度提高 ,生活质量将显著改善 .     

工程移民的公众参与和社会调整规划研究

移民的公众参与和社会调整是移民管理的重要内容。对于帮助移民缩短在安置区的过渡适应期，忙恢复生产、生活信心举足轻生的作用。从移民决策和管理的需要出发，讨论了公众参与和社会调整的意义及作用。在分析不同移民规划和实施阶段特点的基础上，总结出种个阶段公众参与和协商的有关各方、参与和协商的内容及形式、可能的风险。最后论述了社会调整的主要内容和有关程度。     

桃林口水库移民安置效果抽样调查分析

桃林口水库近4万移民除少量后靠安置、投亲靠友、农转非及非农业安置外,绝大多数采取抽签定向、分散插村和异地安置的方式。为了解决移民安置后的生产生活问题,采取随机抽样、实地调查的方式,对移民安置后的生产生活水平进行了调查。通过对调查资料进行统计分析,移民生产生活质量明显提高。     

小浪底水库移民对移民政策的认同及顾虑心理

征地移民搬迁安置政策合理与否,关键是看移民对其接受与认同程度。在黄河小浪底水库移民安置点中,选择6个安置点对移民的认同及顾虑心理进行了实地调查。调查资料显示:小浪底工程征地移民在搬迁安置过程中,对国家的移民政策具有较高的心理认同程度,但是,移民认识的局限和从自身的利益出发,又表现出较强的顾虑心理。要消除移民的顾虑心理,必须采取各种切实可行的措施,重视生活安置和生产安置,使移民的生产生活能尽快达到或超过搬迁前的水平。     

水利水电工程移民安置前期工作的问题及建议

水利水电工程移民安置是对经济社会的重建活动,做好移民安置前期工作至关重要。在调查研究的基础上,对照现行移民政策法规的要求,综合分析了我国水利水电工程移民安置前期工作实践,提出了经济社会情况调查深度不够、移民安置前期工作周期欠合理、移民参与不够、移民安置方案的可操作性不强等问题,剖析了这些问题产生的原因,研究提出了补充完善现行规范中有关实物调查和社会经济调查的内容和深度要求、健全移民参与和前期工作审查审批机制、规范前期工作变更程序、加大前期工作投入力度和确保前期工作合理工期等建议。     

水利水电工程移民生产生活安置与重建规划

水利水电工程移民的生产生活安置与重建规划是整个移民工作的重要组成部分，是移民生存和发展、生产生活水平得以恢复提高的基础。移民生产生活安置规划是对较大范围、较大规模、较长时间的人口再分布和资源开发利用的方针、目标、步骤和重大措施等进行筹划，是建立一种战...     

水利枢纽工程移民安置特点分析

在少数民族聚居地区修建水利工程，在进行实物指标调查及移民安置规划时，制定科学的符合当地情况的调查方法和标准、根据农牧民的生产特点采用符合农牧民生产、生活特点的安置方案、正确处理好地方经济发展与移民安置的关系等是做好移民安置工作的关键。在此结合这些特点对该区域内某水利枢纽工程移民及安置特点作初步的分析和探讨。     

珊溪水库移民收入与生活水平恢复定量分析

通过珊溪水利枢纽工程试点期及第一期移民搬迁后在生活安置、生产发展等方面监测评估，对该工程移民收入和生活水平恢复进行了定量分析，并对移民收入和反映其生活水平的恩格尔系数进行了回归分析.     

实行口粮补助是解决岩滩水电站水库移民生活出路的有效途径

针对岩滩水电站水库移民存在的遗留问题,提出实行口粮补助解决移民的生活出路.文章通过介绍口粮补助的思路和方法,为探索解决类似的水利水电工程移民遗留同题提供可参考的做法.     

Compensation and benefit sharing: Why resettlement policies and practices must be reformed

Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research has found that one root cause of such failures and of impoverishment is asset dispossession and the insufficient financing of resettlement. Most governments, however, state that （1） compensation alone is sufficient for restoring the income and livelihood of those displaced, and （2） resources to supplement compensation with additional financing are not available. The author critiques and rejects these positions. He offers a theoretical analysis of the limits and flaws of compensation payments for expropriated assets, and argues that resources are available for supplementing compensation with financial investments for resettlers＇ development. The sources for supplementary financing are the economic rent （windfall profits） generated by natural resource projects such as hydropower or mining and the regular stream of benefits generated by all projects that require resettlement. Further, the author argues that financial investments in resettlers＇ welfare are indispensable and what benefit sharing is feasible. Therefore, both should become basic principles of resettlement legislation and practice. In addition to theoretical analysis, the author documents with empirical evidence that some countries （China, Brazil, Canada, Columbia and Japan） already make investments additional to compensation for post-displacement reconstruction. The author sums up his argument in these key points： （1） Compensation alone cannot prevent the impoverishment of resettlers and cannot in itself restore and improve their livelihoods; （2） Additional financing is needed for direct investments in resettlement with development; （3） Compensation levels must be increased; （4） Financing resources are available in most cases for investing in resettlers＇ development, but allocation of investmen     

水利水电工程移民安置活动的移民参与和协商

参与式方法是移民安置过程中各方利益相关者尤其是移民进行参与和互动的重要手段,文章阐述了移民参与和协商安置活动的作用,从移民安置规划、实施以及监测评估全过程剖析了水利水电工程移民安置工作的移民参与和协商活动。     

几内亚苏阿皮蒂项目移民安置实施管理模式

水电工程移民是一项复杂的系统工程,也是一个世界级难题。几内亚苏阿皮蒂水利枢纽项目移民规模大,涉及范围广,移民周期长;几内亚没有户籍制度,库区人口及实物指标调查面临极大的困难;缺乏完整的移民法律法规体系和大规模的移民经验,移民工作实施难度大;经济发展水平落后,移民文化水平和生活水平低,生产生活严重依赖耕地。通过采取一系列创新化的移民安置实施管理模式,因地制宜,从多个方面提出苏阿皮蒂项目移民管理模式,取得了较好的成果。     

Resettlement for the Danjiangkou Dam heightening project in China: planning,implementation and effects

This article examines the planning, implementation and effects of resettlement for the Danjiangkou Dam Heightening Project. In the process of planning, the local government took full account of the long-term development of resettlers. In the process of implementation, resettlers could obtain compensation, subsidy, follow-up support and counterpart support. Their living and production conditions greatly improved after resettlement. The following factors contributed to successful resettlement: a development model of industry supporting agriculture; commitment of the central government; adequate funding; sound organizational systems; efficient government management mechanisms at various levels; and the favourable geographical location of the resettlement site.     

大中型水电工程移民管理体制现状及发展探讨

多年来,我国大中型水电工程征地移民没有一个统一的移民管理体制,全国各地、各行业根据本地区本部门的需要分别制定了许多移民管理体制.这些体制,有的对移民工作起到了较好的作用,同时,也给本来就复杂的移民管理工作造成了混乱,带来了不利影响.首先介绍了我国大中型水电工程征地移民的现状,分析了现行移民法规的局限性和时效性.从当前多样的移民管理体制入手,分析利弊,试图说明理顺管理体制、建立统一有效的移民管理体制的重要性和迫切性.同时,提出了新型的移民管理体制,目的是想以此推动我国大中型水电工程征地移民的立法进程,加快依法移民的步伐.     

Resettler choices and long-term consequences of involuntary resettlement caused by construction of Kotmale Dam in Sri Lanka

Involuntary resettlement caused by dam construction, especially in developing countries, is being criticized as an additional cause of impoverishment of the poor population being resettled. Despite current improvements in planning and implementation of involuntary resettlement, there is little experience or research on the medium‐ to long‐term consequences of involuntary resettlement on those being resettled. Within the comprehensive water resource development programme in Sri Lanka under the Mahaweli Accelerated Development Programme, Kotmale Dam was constructed in 1985 for the purpose of hydroelectric power generation and irrigation water supply. Construction of the dam caused ≈ 3000 households to be evacuated and relocated. There were two resettlement alternatives for the families being affected by the dam construction project. The first was to stay close to the reservoir, and receive smaller land plots. The other was to settle in newly developed areas for Mahaweli Development Programme, being located >100 km from original villages, but receive larger, irrigated land plots. In order to determine the consequences after 25 years of the resettlement caused by construction of Kotmale Dam, these authors conducted socioeconomic interview surveys of ≈250 households in three resettlement areas, including Mahaweli System H, System B, System C and villages located near the reservoir site. The study results indicated that the majority of the resettlers perceived their livelihoods as being improved after their resettlement. Furthermore, the majority of them expressed their satisfaction regarding their resettlement choices and their current livelihoods, either in the resettlement sites located near the reservoir or in resettlement sites located far from the original settlement sites. However, their satisfaction is usually based on different perceptions on the part of the resettlers that reflect different strategies for coping with involuntary resettlement. The major factors affecting the choices of resettlers were land ownership and/or the educational opportunities for their children. These survey results indicate that the resettled people made conscious choices for their future, especially for their children. For future resettlement programmes, these authors propose that it is important that the considerations of future generations be incorporated in a feasible, sustainable manner, particularly in regard to educational opportunities.     

Resettlement Issues of Cirata Dam Project: A Post-project Review

Forced population displacement caused by dam construction has been regarded as the most serious issue of water resources development. Nevertheless, the best practice is still not yet established. This paper aims to examine the performance of the involuntary resettlement scheme applied to the Cirata Dam project in Indonesia to obtain clues for improvement. Aquaculture development in the reservoir succeeded in creating new jobs for resettlers. Most resettlers ended up with less farmland than they had previously owing to the increase in land price. The land-for-land compensation scheme is preferable to cash compensation. Participation of resettlers in the planning and implementation of the resettlement scheme still had room for improvement. Some intermediate mechanism, between villagers and those implementing the resettlement scheme, should be devised. More careful and streamlined efforts should have been made as regards the secondary development of the project, so that those displaced could enjoy the benefits.     

基于多样化安置的水利水电工程移民安置政策研究——以Q省移民安置政策为例

通过对水利水电工程移民安置政策现状框架的分析,并以Q省为例指出了现行移民安置方式的利弊。通过Q省的多样化移民生计方式引出多样化移民安置方式,并提出基于这种多样化移民安置方式的政策框架创新思路。