硅砖热风炉凉炉、烘炉实践

河钢承钢A高炉3#热风炉2017年由旋流顶燃式热风炉改建为新型顶燃式热风炉,介绍了旋流顶燃式硅砖热风炉的凉炉操作和新型顶燃式硅砖热风炉的烘炉操作及注意事项,凉炉用时19天,烘炉用时39天。实践证明3#热风炉的凉炉和烘炉都是成功的。     

旋流顶燃式热风炉在宣钢5~#高炉的应用及改进

阐述、分析旋流顶燃式热风炉的结构及特点,总结旋流顶燃式热风炉在宣钢5#高炉使用过程中存在的问题。介绍了宣钢对5#高炉进行有针对性的改造,以延长热风炉使用寿命、满足高炉生产要求的实践过程。     

顶燃式热风炉模型实验研究

在仿真研究、优化顶燃式热风炉结构基础上,设计三种不同结构的顶燃式热风炉方案,根据几何相似及动力相似原理建立热风炉实验室模型,研究其流场分布规律.研究结果表明:旋流式热风炉中心出现回流区,其大小与气流速度、切圆等因素紧密相关,同时实验结果与理论仿真的结果基本一致.此研究为大型顶燃式热风炉的设计和开发提供参考.     

首钢京唐BSK顶燃式热风炉的燃烧技术

 为开发5500m3高炉BSK顶燃式热风炉技术,对顶燃式热风炉的燃烧机制和燃烧特性进行了研究。采用CFD数学仿真模拟研究了BSK顶燃式热风炉环形陶瓷燃烧器的燃烧机制,解析了顶燃式热风炉燃烧室内气体的混合、流动以及燃烧过程,计算分析了顶燃式热风炉燃烧过程的速度场、温度场以及浓度场分布。通过对实体热风炉的冷态测试,验证了CFD数学仿真计算的结果。研究结果表明,BSK顶燃式热风炉采用旋流扩散燃烧技术使燃烧过程速度场、温度场和浓度场分布均匀对称,并可以有效控制火焰长度和火焰形状,使煤气在拱顶空间内充分燃烧。速度场、温度场和浓度场的分布与煤气和助燃空气的初始分布有直接关系。通过燃烧器喷嘴结构优化设计可以显著提高空气与煤气混合的均匀性,改善燃烧室内浓度、温度分布以及火焰形状。     

1350m^3高炉旋流顶燃式热风炉的改造

分析了宣钢1350m3高炉应用的旋流顶燃式热风炉的使用过程中存在的问题,通过改造,提高了热风炉的使用寿命和效率,满足了高炉生产的要求。     

旋流顶燃式热风炉的应用

对本钢内燃式热风炉改造为旋流顶燃式热风炉的实践进行了总结。在尽可能利用原设备、节省工程投资的情况下，改造后的热风炉在单烧高炉煤气时，平均人炉风温1065℃．取得了较好的经济效益。     

凌钢旋流顶燃球式热风炉烘炉实践

凌钢新2号高炉采用了旋流顶燃球式热风炉，这种热风炉结构独特，一般的烘炉方法难以达到满意的烘炉效果。凌钢通过开发燃烧能力大、焦炉煤气和助燃风易于控制的空煤枪，实现了成功烘炉。     

高温顶燃式热风炉试验及其推广

本文通过对顶燃式、外燃式及内燃式(考贝式)热风炉的对比,说明顶燃式热风炉不仅消除了内燃式热风炉的不均称结构所导致的一些典型缺点,而且在结构上比外燃式热风炉简单稳定,同时建设费用少.并且适合高温、高压大型高炉的需要.通过首钢实验高炉三种不同结构型式的顶燃热风炉对比试验,探索合理的顶燃式热风炉结构型式.在取得实用效果后,已将顶燃热风炉推广使用到其它高炉,并做了进一步改进,使顶燃热风炉在工业上得到应用.     

鞍钢5号高炉顶燃式热风炉生产实践

对鞍钢5号高炉顶燃式硅砖热风炉的技术特征进行了阐述,并重点对顶燃式硅砖热风炉的生产操作情况进行了总结分析。实践表明,5号高炉使用的顶燃式热风炉达到了设计要求。     

我国大型顶燃式热风炉技术进步

分析总结了我国大型顶燃式热风炉的设计开发和应用实践，对顶燃式热风炉的技术成就和发展方向进行了综合评述和探讨，顶燃式热风炉具有一定的技术优势，适合我国高炉扩容改造采用。     

Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors

Truncated activin type II receptors have been reported to inhibit activin receptor signaling in Xenopus embryos, although the mechanism of action for this effect has not been fully understood. In the present study we demonstrate that in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells both the induction of the activin responsive 3TP-lux reporter construct and the inhibition of retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation by activin are blocked by expression of a truncated activin receptor. To reveal the mechanism of action of truncated activin receptors, the interaction between different activin receptors has been investigated upon coexpression in COS cells followed by cross-linking of 125I-activin A and subsequent immunoprecipitation. Complexes between a truncated activin type IIA receptor and activin type IA and type IB receptors can be formed, as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation of these type I receptors with the truncated activin type IIA receptor. Other type I receptors known as ALK-1 and ALK-6 also coimmunoprecipitate with the truncated type IIA receptor, whereas ALK-3 and ALK-5 do not. Furthermore, the activin type IIB2 receptor does not coimmunoprecipitate with the truncated type IIA receptor, but decreases activin binding to the truncated type IIA receptor. In double immunoprecipitation experiments with cell lysates from COS cells, in which full-length activin type IIA and type IIB2 receptors were cotransfected, no interaction between these receptors was found. In contrast, homomeric complexes of full-length activin type IIA receptors were detected. These results implicate that truncated activin receptors can interfere with activin signaling by interacting with activin type I receptors. Additionally, truncated activin type IIB2 receptors might also interfere with type IIA receptor signaling by decreasing activin binding to the type IIA receptor and therefore might be more potent in inhibiting activin signal transduction. Furthermore, our data indicate that truncated type IIA receptors can interact with other type I receptors and as such might inhibit signal transduction by type I receptors other than activin type IA and type IB receptors.     

高炉矮式液压泥炮

本文针对高炉炉前设备液压泥炮的发展进行概述 ,叙述了目前国内外较为先进的典型矮式液压泥炮 ,PW型、MHG型、IHI型、BG型和DDS型。     

Function of the type V transforming growth factor beta receptor in transforming growth factor beta-induced growth inhibition of mink lung epithelial cells

The type V transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a 400-kDa nonproteoglycan membrane protein that co-expresses with the type I, type II, and type III TGF-beta receptors in most cell types. The type V TGF-beta receptor exhibits a Ser/Thr-specific protein kinase activity with distinct substrate specificity (Liu, Q., Huang, S. S., and Huang, J. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 9221-9226). In mink lung epithelial cells, the type V TGF-beta receptor was found to form heterocomplexes with the type I TGF-beta receptor by immunoprecipitation with antiserum to the type V TGF-beta receptor after 125I-TGF-beta affinity labeling or Trans35S-label metabolic labeling of the cells. The kinase activity of the type V TGF-beta receptor was stimulated after treatment of mink lung epithelial cells with TGF-beta. TGF-beta stimulation resulted in the growth inhibition of wild-type mink lung epithelial cells and to a lesser extent of the type I and type II TGF-beta receptor-defective mutants, although higher concentrations of TGF-beta were required for the growth inhibition of these mutants. TGF-beta was unable to induce growth inhibition in human colorectal carcinoma cells lacking the type V TGF-beta receptor but expressing the type I and type II TGF-beta receptors. These results suggest that the type V TGF-beta receptor can mediate the TGF-beta-induced growth inhibitory response in the absence of the type I or type II TGF-beta receptor. These results also support the hypothesis that loss of the type V TGF-beta receptor may contribute to the malignancy of certain carcinoma cells.     

高速线材精整收集设备设计和工艺选型分析

对高速线材精整区四大类型的设备（摩根型、西马克型、达涅利型及森德斯型）进行了详细的描述，指出了每类设备的优缺点，提出了“在新设计生产线时，可考虑采用不同的组合方式”这一观点，使用户以较少的投资获得最佳的线材精整收集效率和收集质量。     

Rare Earths of Two Types Granites in Sawuer Region, Xinjiang

The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements of A type and Ⅰ type granites were studied in the Sawuer region, Xinjiang. The characteristics of two types granites are different obviously,because the A type and Ⅰ type granites formed at different stage of the post-collisional period. The Sentasi intrusion and Wokensala intrusion are the Ⅰ type granites formed at the late of post-collisional period, and there is extrusion translating to extension stress. The characteristics of rare earth elements show that the fractional crystallization of the Ⅰ type granites is indistinct, and the sources of the Ⅰ type granites come from the mantle. The Kuoyitasi intrusion and Qiaqihai intrusion are the A type granites formed at the end of post-collisional period, and there is extension stress. The characteristics of rare earth elements show that the fractional crystallization of the A type granites is distinct. The sources of the A type granites come from the mantle but interfused by the crust.     

基于模糊层次分析的稀土资源储备矿种选择

选择离子吸附型稀土矿A 类（富镧少钇型离子矿）、矿种B 类（中钇富铕型离子矿）、矿种C 类（高钇型离子矿）、包头混合型矿种和氟碳铈矿5 类矿种,运用模糊层次分析方法,从稀土资源主要矿种的生产、消费趋势、主要矿种的功能性、前景性、稀缺性、开采的环境危害以及环境治理难度等方面分析了影响选择储备稀土矿种的因素,构建了储备矿种选择的定性和定量指标体系.将定性指标等级分为5 个级别,通过专家打分,进行定性和定量分析后,计算了资源地封存矿种的评价分值.根据评价分值由高到低的顺序,确定资源封存储备矿种的先后顺序为:矿种C 类（高钇型离子矿）、矿种B 类（中钇富铕型离子矿）、矿种A 类（富镧少钇型离子矿）、氟碳铈矿和包头混合型矿种.该模拟计算可为国家决策部门选择储备稀土矿种提供理论依据.      

Genetic basis of the formation and identity of type I and type II neurons in Drosophila embryos

The embryonic peripheral nervous system of Drosophila contains two main types of sensory neurons: type I neurons, which innervate external sense organs and chordotonal organs, and type II multidendritic neurons. Here, we analyse the origin of the difference between type I and type II in the case of the neurons that depend on the proneural genes of the achaete-scute complex (ASC). We show that, in Notch- embryos, the type I neurons are missing while type II neurons are produced in excess, indicating that the type I/type II choice relies on Notch-mediated cell communication. In contrast, both type I and type II neurons are absent in numb- embryos and after ubiquitous expression of tramtrack, indicating that the activity of numb and the absence of tramtrack are required to produce both external sense organ and multidendritic neural fates. The analysis of string- embryos reveals that when the precursors are unable to divide they differentiate mostly into type II neurons, indicating that the type II is the default neuronal fate. We also report a new mutant phenotype where the ASC-dependent neurons are converted into type II neurons, providing evidence for the existence of one or more genes required for maintaining the alternative (type I) fate. Our results suggest that the same mechanism of type I/type II specification may operate at a late step of the ASC-dependent lineages, when multidendritic neurons arise as siblings of the external sense organ neurons and, at an early step, when other multidendritic neurons precursors arise as siblings of external sense organ precursors.     

Fibre type grouping in porcine masseter and soleus muscles assessed by the enclosed fibre type concept. A statistical and computational analysis

Muscle function is determined not only by the frequency of slow (type I) and fast (type II) fibres but also the spatial fibre type organization. During ageing as well as in muscle disorders, divergencies from the normal pattern may occur and are expressed as 'fibre-type grouping'. To elucidate whether intramuscular differences in spatial fibre type arrangements may underlie the functional heterogeneity of the porcine masseter, the arrangements of intrafascicular type I and type II fibres were assessed in terms of the number of enclosed fibres in whole fascicles. The intrafascicular proportions of edge- and centrally located type I and type II fibres were investigated. Two hundred and forty-two porcine masseter fascicles (six masseters) and 63 pig soleus fascicles (five soleus muscles) were investigated by ATP-ase histochemistry. All fascicles were from 11 domestic pigs (1 year, 70-90 kg body weight, all female). Sixty-nine to 90% of the total fibres were type II fibres in the porcine masseter (P < 0.01). In four of five soleus muscles the type II fibre population was dominant. No enclosed type I fibres could be identified in the porcine masseter muscles. This was in contrast to the finding of 1270 enclosed type II fibres. Five enclosed type I fibres (two soleus) and 361 enclosed type II fibres were identified in the pig soleus. The spatial analysis indicated that the fibre type arrangements in the porcine masseter muscles were not homogeneous. No biopsies with random type II fibre organization were identified. Furthermore, half the number of biopsies showed type I fibre segregation. These data suggest that the porcine masseter cannot be considered as having one homogeneous structural identity.     

Glucocorticoid-induced type 1/type 2 cytokine alterations in humans: a model for stress-related immune dysfunction

Increased psychologic and physiologic stressors can have profound effects on the immune system. Previously believed to be immunosuppressive, there is mounting evidence that stress may actually induce a shift in the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance toward a type 2 cytokine response. Cortisol is elevated in response to stress and has been reported to alter cytokine production in murine and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The current investigation examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) mimicking basal, stress, and supraphysiologic levels of cortisol on production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (type-1), interleukin (IL)-12p40 (type 1), IL-10 (type 2), and IL-4 (type 2) by human PBMC. Both supraphysiologic and stress levels of DEX decreased production of type 1 cytokines and either increased or maintained production of type 2 cytokines PBMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), immobilized anti-CD3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tetanus. Although preincubation with DEX was sufficient to induce a type 2 switch in short-term mitogen cultures, PBMC cultures for extended periods of time required DEX at the initiation and throughout the duration of culture. Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, blocked the DEX-induced shift in the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance. These data demonstrated the ability of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, to induce a shift in the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance toward a type 2 cytokine response and simulate the type 1/type 2 cytokine alterations observed in in vivo stress models. This model will allow detailed investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of stress-induced immune alterations in humans.     

Velocity, force, power, and Ca2+ sensitivity of fast and slow monkey skeletal muscle fibers

In this study, we determined the contractile properties of single chemically skinned fibers prepared from the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (Sol) muscles of adult male rhesus monkeys and assessed the effects of the spaceflight living facility known as the experiment support primate facility (ESOP). Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 wk before and immediately after an 18-day ESOP sit, and fiber type was determined by immunohistochemical techniques. The MG slow type I fiber was significantly smaller than the MG type II, Sol type I, and Sol type II fibers. The ESOP sit caused a significant reduction in the diameter of type I and type I/II (hybrid) fibers of Sol and MG type II and hybrid fibers but no shift in fiber type distribution. Single-fiber peak force (mN and kN/m2) was similar between fiber types and was not significantly different from values previously reported for other species. The ESOP sit significantly reduced the force (mN) of Sol type I and MG type II fibers. This decline was entirely explained by the atrophy of these fiber types because the force per cross-sectional area (kN/m2) was not altered. Peak power of Sol and MG fast type II fiber was 5 and 8.5 times that of slow type I fiber, respectively. The ESOP sit reduced peak power by 25 and 18% in Sol type I and MG type II fibers, respectively, and, for the former fiber type, shifted the force-pCa relationship to the right, increasing the Ca2+ activation threshold and the free Ca2+ concentration, eliciting half-maximal activation. The ESOP sit had no effect on the maximal shortening velocity (Vo) of any fiber type. Vo of the hybrid fibers was only slightly higher than that of slow type I fibers. This result supports the hypothesis that in hybrid fibers the slow myosin heavy chain would be expected to have a disproportionately greater influence on Vo.