酵母菌—水解酸化—MBR工艺处理三元驱采出水的研究

为解决油田三元驱采出水的回注问题,采用特种产酸酵母预处理与活性污泥的水解酸化—MBR组合工艺对采出水进行处理。结果表明,在酵母菌污泥质量浓度(MLSS)为5 000 mg/L、外加碳源1.5 g/L、反应时间3 h的条件下,酵母菌预处理效果最佳;当进水COD为1 710 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为92 mg/L、含油74 mg/L时,处理系统对废水COD、PAM及油的去除率分别达到76.4%、95.0%、89.1%,中位粒径稳定在0.14μm,悬浮物降至1.2 mg/L;出水可达到SY/T 5329—2012中的渗透层注水标准。     

连续流状态下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮除磷性能研究

在上流式污泥床好氧颗粒污泥反应器中,以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种泥．采用人工配制的模拟废水为进水的条件下,成功培养出具有同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥粒径在0．5~2mm,颗粒污泥沉淀速度在29～58m／h。MLSS为3077---4103mg／L。当COD的进水容积负荷为4．8kg／（m3·d）时,去除率高达96％以上。氨氮进水在160mg／L时,去除率达97％以上,出水氨氮在5mg／L以下。对总磷的去除率在22％-37％。主要是因为亚硝态氮浓度、COD／TN比和TN／TP比等对聚磷菌除磷有影响。     

聚合物驱采出水处理技术进展

随着聚合物驱油的广泛应用,含聚污水也在逐年增加。与水驱采出水相比,聚合物驱采出水水质性质复杂,并且聚合物的存在使水处理难度增大,其处理已经成为亟待解决的问题。本文分析了聚合物驱采出水的特性,论述了聚合物驱采出水处理方法,并对今后聚合物驱采出水处理提出了建议。     

工业园区废水好氧颗粒污泥的培养

以盐仓工业园区废水为原水,在序批式反应器(SBR)中培养好氧颗粒污泥。结果表明:该工业园区废水中可以实现好氧污泥颗粒化,且颗粒密实,但形状不规则;经过70 d运行后,反应器中污泥SVI10达到26 mL/g,颗粒化率为80%,颗粒的粒径主要在0.3～0.5 mm之间;颗粒污泥成熟后,好氧颗粒污泥反应器对COD的去除率为73%～80%、色度去除率90%～95%,出水水质(COD、色度)优于该污水处理厂的出水。     

荷兰DHV将好氧颗粒污泥技术Nereda在世界范围内快速推广

正据报道,爱尔兰第1座采用Nereda好氧颗粒污泥技术的污水处理厂不久前投入运行,老厂卡鲁塞尔氧化沟的处理能力仅仅为上面好氧颗粒污泥工艺处理能力的1/4。颗粒污泥工艺可以获得比氧化沟活性污泥更好的出水水质。实际上,荷兰Garmerwolde WWTP的最新的运行数据,好氧颗粒污泥反应器污泥浓度可以至少达到8 g/L以上,5 min的SVI可达45,在获得稳定可靠的出水水质情况下,能耗可以比常规活性污泥工艺低58%~63%,可以看出该工艺巨大的优势,这无疑展示出好氧颗粒污泥技术未来巨大的发展前景。     

好氧微生物颗粒污泥脱氮机理

好氧颗粒污泥应用于生物脱氮，机理为如下几种。第一种为常规硝化-反硝化途径。第二种为亚硝化-反硝化途径，颗粒污泥的外部为好氧的硝化区．通过适当的控制．使硝化过程停留在亚硝化阶段．直接进入内层进行反硝化。第三种为硝化-厌氧氨氧化途径．通过外层的硝化和内层的厌氧氨氧化作用实现脱氮。第四种为硝化-反硝化聚磷方式．颗粒污泥内部在反硝化的同时聚磷，实现好氧颗粒污泥同步脱氮除磷。第五种脱氮的途径为好氧反硝化。在不同的条件下．某一种脱氮的途径可能占主导地位。     

水质稳定剂在三元复合驱采出水处理中的应用

根据大庆油田三元复合驱采出水中碳酸盐过饱和而导致的胶态碳酸盐微粒析出,悬浮固体含量增大,处理后采出水中悬浮固体含量超标的实际问题,研制基于螯合机理的水质稳定剂以抑制采出水中新生矿物颗粒生成。在大庆油田北二西弱碱三元复合驱、喇北东块强碱三元复合驱开展了水质稳定剂现场应用试验,试验验证投加水质稳定剂处理后采出水悬浮固体含量达到20mg/L的含聚污水回注高渗透率油藏的控制指标。     

油水分离剂在石油磺酸盐表面活性剂弱碱体系三元复合驱采出液和采出水处理中的应用

大庆油田北二西试验区石油磺酸盐表面活性剂弱碱体系三元复合驱采出液和采出水中含有大量难以浮升和聚并的微米和亚微米尺度油滴,造成该试验区三元复合驱采出水沉降和过滤除油效果差,过滤后回注采出水含油量严重超标。为解决北二西试验区三元复合驱采出水除油困难的问题,研制了可促进小油滴与大油滴之间聚并的非离子型油水分离剂SP1013。通过在北二西试验区地面回掺热水中投加SP1013,在集油管道中利用SP1013的聚并作用和流场中的油滴碰撞机会实现大油滴对小油滴的捕获和兼并,在保障三元复合驱采出液油水分离效果的前提下,显著改善了采出水的油水分离特性。北二西试验区三元复合驱采出液水相表活剂含量为56~60mg/L、聚合物含量为1168~1264mg/L、pH值为8.2~8.6,按试验区产液量计的油水分离剂SP1013加药量为70mg/L的条件下,处理后回注采出水含油量可降低到20mg/L的含聚合物采出水回注高渗透率油藏的含油量控制指标以下。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理含盐有机废水研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥在榨菜废水、鱼罐头废水、含酚高盐废水、垃圾渗滤液等含盐有机废水处理中的研究现状,探讨了好氧颗粒污泥技术在高盐条件下对废水中有机物、氮磷及其他特征污染物的去除特性,高盐条件下污泥颗粒的形成机理和成长特性,以及影响其稳定性的主要因素,旨在为好氧颗粒污泥技术在含盐有机废水处理中的应用研究提供参考。     

复合絮凝剂-SBR工艺处理市政污水中试研究

采用复合絮凝剂-序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺对北京某污水厂初沉池出水进行中试处理,研究了该工艺的出水水质和污泥性能。结果表明,在水处理量为0.75 m~3/h、复合絮凝剂投加量为20μL/L的情况下,出水COD和TP、NH_4~+-N、TN的质量浓度平均分别为20.5 mg/L和0.3、0.5、14 mg/L,均可达到GB 18918-2002一级A标准。在长期投加复合絮凝剂的条件下,污泥沉降性能提升明显,胞外聚合物凝聚性变强,整体性能已十分接近好氧颗粒污泥。复合絮凝剂-SBR工艺继承在好氧颗粒污泥技术大部分优点的同时,更能保证污泥颗粒和出水水质稳定,可用于污水处理厂提标改造。     

Modélisation de la cinétique de biodégradation de phénol par granules aérobies

This work describes a model of the biodegradation of phenol carried out by aerobic granules. These granules were obtained by culturing an activated sludge supernatant in a sequencing batch reactor fed with a synthetic waste water and subsequently, by acclimation to phenol (100 mg/L). The kinetics of phenol biodegradation by the aerobic granules was investigated over a wide range of initial phenol concentrations (40–1112 mg/L) in shake‐flask cultures. A Haldane‐type model was adjusted to the experimental results, which depicts successfully the phenol biodegradation profiles in the entire range of initial concentrations studied by using only one set of parameters. It is our view that the proposed model could contribute to the knowledge about the ability of aerobic granular systems to biodegrade toxic, inhibitory compounds such as phenol.     

Integrated anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation in an internal airlift loop reactor for phenol wastewater treatment

Anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation were integrated in an internal airlift loop reactor (IALR) by adding porous microbial carriers. In this bioreactor, aerobic activated sludge was suspended in the liquid bulk, while the anaerobic microbes were attached within the core of carriers. The integrated IALR was applied to the treatment of synthetic phenol wastewater. After 50 days’ acclimation according to co-substance strategy, the influent COD decreased from 3,700 mg/L to 400 mg/L (phenol removal rate was over 99%) with the residence time of 24 h. High performance could be achieved under the operation condition of superficial gas flow rate higher than 0.07 cm/s, temperature beyond 15°C and the microbial carrier volume fraction larger than 5%. Integration of anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation in IALR enhanced the synergetic effects between aerobic and anaerobic degradation; therefore, it has great potential in the treatment of phenol wastewater and other wastewater containing hard biodegradable organics.     

Joint Treatment of Wastewater from Table Olive Processing and Urban Wastewater. Integrated Ozonation – Aerobic Oxidation

Integrated ozonation‐aerobic biodegradation of table olive wastewater (diluted 1:25 with synthetic urban wastewater) is presented as a suitable technology to purify this kind of effluent. Use of ozone is recommended as a pre‐treatment step since it shows a high reactivity toward phenolic compounds (found in this type of wastewater) reducing, at the same time, the alkalinity of the media for further biological processing. An ozone dose of 45 mg L^–1 (flow rate 20 L h^–1) for a period of 35 min has been found to achieve the following goals: decrease pH, decrease phenolic content, and increase of biodegradability. The aerobic oxidation process followed first order kinetics as measured by COD depletion profiles versus time. The Arrhenius expression k = 183exp(–2214/T) was obtained for experiments of ozonated wastewater biodegradation completed at different temperatures and neutral pH.     

催化转化-生物降解法处理高浓度甲醛废水

提出了催化转化-生物降解法处理高浓度甲醛废水的新方法。研究发现,在温度为70℃,催化转化剂与甲醛摩尔比为1∶5,反应30 min,废水中甲醛去除率可达99.96%。预处理后的甲醛废水BOD5/CODcr值由0.12升至0.50,甲醛浓度<3 mg/L,大大提高了废水的可生化性。实验结果还表明,在采用生物降解法处理预处理后的甲醛废水过程中,当温度为35~40℃,pH值为7.0~7.5,水力停留时间(HRT)为9~12 h时,厌氧反应器有机负荷(OLR)为8.0~10.0 kg/(m3.d),好氧反应器OLR为1.0~2.0 kg/(m3.d),CODcr总去除率达到98.81%,出水COD<100 mg/L。该方法具有工艺简单、处理效率高和成本低等特点,有极高的实际应用价值。     

Two-Step Wastewater Treatment: Sequential Ozonation - Aerobic Biodegradation

Ozonation of wastewater from olive related industries has been carried out after dilution with synthetic urban wastewater. The advantages of the application of different acidic and basic cycles during the ozonation process have been shown. Biodegradability of the final effluent measured as the biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio has significantly been increased (100–144% for table olive wastewater and 24–60% for olive oil wastewater). Aerobic biological experiments conducted by using non-acclimated microorganisms confirmed the suitability of the biodegradation after the chemical oxidation pre-treatment. A kinetic model based on a free radical mechanism has been used to simulate experimental results. Both chemical oxygen demand and dissolved ozone concentration profiles are well fitted by the model. The aerobic biodegradation process has been modeled by utilizing the Monod equation.     

高浓度淀粉废水水解--好氧循环一体化处理工艺的初步研究

A new recycling hydrolytic-aerobic combined process was developed to treat the high concentration organic wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 10g·L-1 starch with a CODcr value of 10000 mg·L-1 was used. At first, the hydrolytic degradation and aerobic degradation process were examined in two batch reactors, respectively. In the stand-alone hydrolytic process, starch in the wastewater almost disappeared after 11 h treatment, but CODcr remained as high as 5803 mg·L-1 after two days. In the aerobic process, the biodegradation rate of starch was much slower during the first 11 h than that in the hydrolytic process, although the CODcr removal efficiency reached 89.6% and more than 90% starch could be degraded after 37.5 h. To determine the interaction effects of the two processes, a series of hydrolytic-aerobic combinations were examined in details. Hydrolytic process played an important role in the whole recycle combination process as it could improve the biodegradability of the high concentration     

聚丙烯酰胺处理黄磷废水的研究

黄磷废水混浊,SS极高,回用易导致管道堵塞。文章采用聚丙烯酰胺处理黄磷废水,考察了不同pH和不同PAM添加量条件下的处理效果,结果表明,黄磷废水在中性的时候,在100mL黄磷废水中添加13gPAM,可使得黄磷废水的SS和浊度降为最低,黄磷废水达到循环利用的标准。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理啤酒废水的研究

以葡萄糖模拟废水培养出的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,通过啤酒废水驯化,考察该污泥处理啤酒废水的可行性。实验结果表明,葡萄糖好氧颗粒污泥经驯化后能够迅速适应这种以糖类有机污染物为主的啤酒废水,驯化前后的污泥形态、生物活性差别不明显,相应的比耗氧速率分别为41.90和39.54g[O2]/(kg[MLSS].h)。驯化后的MLSS的质量浓度为8.23g/L左右,反应器的有机负荷稳定在4.3g[COD]/(L.d),而出水COD的质量浓度保持在45mg/L以下。因此,采用好氧颗粒污泥处理易生化的中低浓度工业废水有良好的应用前景。     

高浓度有机废液预处理技术的研究

探讨了采用铁炭微电解-Fenton氧化-絮凝技术对高浓度有机废液进行预处理。结果表明,铁炭微电解反应条件为:进水pH为4,反应时间60 min,铁炭体积比为2:1,反应2次;Fenton氧化反应条件为:初始pH为4,投加占废液体积4%的质量分数30%的H2O2,反应时间60 min;絮凝沉淀反应条件为:初始pH为7,投加PAM 5 mg/L,PAC 300 mg/L。实验室优化工艺条件下COD总去除率达到93.3%,B/C由0.052提高至0.346,提高了废液的可生化性。经预处理后,可以进入企业污水处理站后续处理,达标排放。本方法能够将作为危险固废的高浓度有机废液转变为一般有机废水,以降低处理成本。     

Impact of ozonation on subsequent treatment of azo dye solutions

BACKGROUND: Aqueous solutions of four azo‐dyes, Acid Red 14 (AR14), Congo Red (CR), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) were treated with ozone, and the impact of ozonation on their subsequent treatability by aerobic biodegradation processes was investigated. RESULTS: In all cases, ozonation at the highest ozone doses investigated could remove more than 96% of the original dye, and the corresponding residual colour of the azo dye solutions declined to less than 20 on the Pt‐Co scale. Ozonation also resulted in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) the COD/TOC ratio and pH, while in all cases electrical conductivity of the dye solutions increased. Activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater was not inhibited when un‐ozonized solutions of these dyes were mixed in a 1:1 volumetric ratio with domestic wastewater, although the dyes themselves were not degraded. Also, no significant inhibition of microbial activity was observed in 1:1 mixtures of ozonized dye solutions and domestic wastewater, especially when the initial dye concentration was low and the applied ozone dose was high. In almost all cases, progressively enhanced BOD exertion was observed in mixtures containing dye solutions ozonized with progressively higher doses. This indicated that some ozonation by‐products of the above dyes could be degraded by microorganisms present in domestic wastewater. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the above dye solutions, after ozonation for partial or complete colour removal, could be mixed with domestic wastewater for subsequent treatment by aerobic biological processes, with no adverse impact on the activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry