大数据下数模联动的随机退化设备剩余寿命预测技术

面向大数据背景下随机退化设备剩余寿命(Remaining useful life, RUL)预测的现实需求,结合随机退化设备监测大数据特点及剩余寿命预测不确定性量化这一核心问题,深入分析了机理模型与数据混合驱动的剩余寿命预测技术、基于机器学习的剩余寿命预测技术、统计数据驱动的剩余寿命预测技术以及机器学习和统计数据驱动相结合的剩余寿命预测技术的基本研究思想和发展动态,剖析了当前研究存在的局限性和共性难题.针对存在的局限性和共性难题,以多源传感监测大数据下剩余寿命预测问题为例,提出了一种数模联动的大数据下随机退化设备剩余寿命预测解决思路,并通过航空发动机多源监测数据初步验证了该思路的可行性和有效性.最后,借鉴数模联动思路,综合考虑机器学习方法和统计数据驱动方法的优势,紧紧扭住大数据背景下随机退化设备剩余寿命预测不确定性量化问题,提出了大数据背景下深度学习与随机退化建模交互联动、监测大数据与剩余寿命及其预测不确定性映射机制、非理想大数据下的剩余寿命预测等亟待解决的关键科学问题.     

不完美维护下基于剩余寿命预测信息的设备维护决策模型

基于剩余寿命预测信息进行设备维护决策的研究中,现有方法通常仅考虑不完美维护对退化量或退化率的单一影响,忽略了不完美维护对两者的双重影响.鉴于此,针对随机退化设备,提出一种考虑不完美维护影响的性能退化模型与维护决策模型,融合了维护活动对设备退化量和退化率的双重影响.首先基于Wiener过程分阶段构建存在不完美维护干预的随机退化模型,在首达时间的意义下推导出剩余寿命的解析概率分布;然后基于剩余寿命的预测结果,以检测间隔和预防性维护阈值为决策变量建立维护决策模型;最后数值仿真实验验证了本文模型的有效性,并对费用参数进行了敏感性分析.实验结果表明本文模型具有潜在的工程应用价值.     

带测量误差的非线性退化过程建模与剩余寿命估计

剩余寿命(Remaining useful lifetime, RUL)估计是设备视情维护和预测与健康管理(Prognostics and health management, PHM)中的一项关键问题. 采用退化过程建模进行剩余寿命估计的研究中,现有方法仅考虑了具有线性或可以线性化的退化轨迹的问题.本 文提出了一种基于扩散过程的非线性退化过程建模方法,在首达时间的意义下,推导出了剩余寿命的分布.该方法可以描述一般的非线性退化轨迹, 现有的线性退化建模方法是其特例.在参数的推断中,考虑到真实的退化过程受到测量误差的影响,难以直接测量得到, 因此,在退化建模的过程中引入了测量误差对退化观测数据的影响,通过观测数据,提出了一种退化模型未知参数的极大似然估计方法. 最后,通过激光发生器和陀螺仪的退化测量数据验证了本文方法明显优于线性建模方法,具有潜在的工程应用价值.     

基于分数布朗运动过程模型的混合随机退化设备剩余寿命预测

在实际工程中,设备往往是由多个不同类型元件或部件构成的集合体,其总体性能退化程度是由内部多种随机退化过程综合影响下的结果.不同于现有文献主要采用无记忆效应的单一线性或非线性形式随机过程模型来描述设备的真实退化,首先建立一种基于分数布朗运动(Fractional Brownian motion, FBM)的混合随机退化模型,用以刻画退化过程中的记忆效应与长期依赖性;进一步,在退化模型里同时引入双随机效应,用以描述不同设备之间的退化差异性,并基于弱收敛性理论推导得到首达时间(First hitting time, FHT)意义下剩余寿命(Remaining useful life, RUL)概率密度函数(Probability density function, PDF)的近似解析表达形式;然后,给出一种共性参数离线估计和随机参数实时更新的策略,进而实现了剩余寿命的实时预测;最后,通过数值仿真例子和陀螺仪的实际退化数据,验证了该方法的有效性和具有潜在的工程应用价值.     

基于两阶段自适应Wiener过程的剩余寿命预测方法

针对退化过程呈现两阶段特征的一类随机退化设备, 现有剩余寿命预测方法不适用于测量间隔分布不均匀、监测数据的测量频率与历史数据频率不一致的情况, 并且忽略了自适应漂移的可变性. 鉴于此, 提出了一种新的考虑个体差异性的两阶段自适应Wiener过程剩余寿命预测模型与方法. 首先, 基于自适应Wiener过程分阶段构建随机退化模型, 在首达时间意义下推导出寿命和剩余寿命解析式. 然后, 结合Kalman滤波技术和期望最大化算法进行参数自适应更新, 同时利用赤池信息准则实现退化模型变点的辨识. 最后, 通过蒙特卡洛仿真和锂电池实例, 验证了本文所提方法的有效性和实用价值.     

Bayesian更新与EM算法协作下退化数据驱动的剩余寿命估计方法

设备的剩余寿命(RUL)估计是对设备进行视情维护、预测与健康管理的关键问题之一.为实现对于单个服役设备退化过程的建模以及RUL的估计,文中提出一种Bayesian更新与期望最大化算法协作下退化数据驱动的RUL估计方法.首先利用指数退化模型来描述设备的退化过程,基于监测的退化数据,利用Bayesian方法对模型的随机参数进行更新,进而得到RUL的概率分布函数和点估计.其次,利用运行设备到当前时刻的监测数据,基于EM算法给出退化模型中非随机未知参数的估计方法,并证明参数迭代估计中每步得到的结果是唯一最优解.最后通过数值仿真和实际数据应用研究,表明文中方法可对单个设备退化过程进行建模,有效估计退化模型中的未知参数,进而得到更好的RUL估计结果.     

退化数据驱动的设备剩余寿命在线预测

为在线预测单台服役设备的可用剩余寿命,提出一种融合先验退化数据和设备自身现场退化数据的剩余寿命预测方法。建立符合非线性Wiener过程描述的设备退化模型,利用先验数据采用极大似然法估计模型中的未知参数,使用贝叶斯方法融合新增的现场退化数据实时更新模型参数,进一步实现对设备实时剩余寿命评估。数值仿真和实例计算的结果表明,与固定参数法相比,该方法能够根据现场退化数据不断更新设备剩余寿命分布,进而更好地体现设备的个体差异,显著降低剩余寿命分布的不确定性。     

基于改进退化隐马尔可夫模型的设备健康诊断与寿命预测研究

针对隐马尔可夫模型在进行设备健康诊断时与实际存在较大偏差的问题,提出了一种以似幂关系加速退化为核心的改进退化隐马尔可夫模型(DGHMM).首先,引入退化因子描述设备衰退过程,提出的似幂关系加速退化较常规指数式加速退化而言,能更好地描述设备服役期间随着役龄增加性能的逐步下降.其次,以全局搜索能力相对较强的改进遗传算法代替常规EM算法进行参数估计,克服了EM算法易陷入局部最优的局限性.同时,针对隐马尔可夫模型时间上须服从指数分布而不能直接用于寿命预测的局限性问题,提出了一种以近似算法与Viterbi算法为基础的贪婪近似法,以寻求最大概率剩余观测为目的,动态地寻求最大概率剩余状态路径,对设备剩余寿命进行预测.最后,通过美国卡特彼勒公司液压泵数据集对所提出的方法进行验证评价.结果表明,基于改进退化隐马尔可夫模型的设备健康诊断与寿命预测方法在描绘设备退化、设备状态诊断准确率方面更加有效,在剩余寿命预测上亦为可行.     

基于非线性数据融合的设备多阶段寿命预测

为解决设备监测数据具有维数高、非线性且退化过程中存在多阶段的问题,提出了一种基于非线性数据融合和多阶段退化的设备寿命预测模型.首先,利用神经网络理论中的自编码器对表征设备退化的多维参数进行了融合,构建出设备的退化指示量;然后,利用CUSUM算法提取出设备退化过程中的分段点;最后,构建了多阶段维纳退化模型,从而实现对设备寿命的预测.利用航空发动机状态监测数据对所提模型进行了验证,剩余寿命预测的平均误差为0.254 5,低于传统的基于线性数据融合方法和基于单阶段维纳过程退化模型的寿命预测方法.结果证明,基于非线性数据融合的多阶段退化模型具有很好的鲁棒性,对设备的寿命预测更加精准.     

基于最后逃逸时间的随机退化设备寿命预测方法

现有基于随机退化过程建模的寿命预测研究中,通常用退化过程的首达时间(First passage time,FPT)来定义寿命.但是,这种寿命定义较为保守,可能会导致其明显小于设备实际寿命.鉴于此,基于最后逃逸时间(Last exit time,LET)的概念,给出一种新的寿命与剩余寿命(Remaining useful...     

Data-driven prognostic method based on Bayesian approaches for direct remaining useful life prediction

Reliability of prognostics and health management systems relies upon accurate understanding of critical components’ degradation process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL). Traditionally, degradation process is represented in the form of physical or expert models. Such models require extensive experimentation and verification that are not always feasible. Another approach that builds up knowledge about the system degradation over the time from component sensor data is known as data driven. Data driven models, however, require that sufficient historical data have been collected. In this paper, a two phases data driven method for RUL prediction is presented. In the offline phase, the proposed method builds on finding variables that contain information about the degradation behavior using unsupervised variable selection method. Different health indicators (HIs) are constructed from the selected variables, which represent the degradation as a function of time, and saved in the offline database as reference models. In the online phase, the method finds the most similar offline HI, to the online HI, using k-nearest neighbors classifier to use it as a RUL predictor. The method finally estimates the degradation state using discrete Bayesian filter. The method is verified using battery and turbofan engine degradation simulation data acquired from NASA data repository. The results show the effectiveness of the method in predicting the RUL for both applications.     

Remaining useful life prediction of bearing based on stacked autoencoder and recurrent neural network

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction play a crucial part in bearing maintenance, which directly affects the production efficiency and safety of equipment. Moreover, the accuracy of the prediction model is constrained by the feature extraction process and full life data of bearings. In this paper, the life prediction method of faulty rolling bearing with limited data is presented including degradation state model and RUL prediction model. In order to obtain health indication (HI) without human interference in the degradation state modeling stage, the bottleneck structure of Stacked Autoencoder (SAE) is utilized to fuse the four selected features into one HI using Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) bearing dataset as training sample. In RUL prediction model, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is carried out to establish the model with Standard deviation (Std) input and HI training label. In order to solve the problem of large training error caused by insufficient data in the failure stage of bearing acceleration test, the third-order spline curve interpolation is utilized to enhance the data points. Through parameter analysis, the RMSE and MAE of the test set on the prediction model are 0.032582 and 0.024038, respectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is further validated by dataset from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) with different bearing fault degrees. The analysis indicates that the RUL prediction of bearing fault data is consistent with the size of artificial added faults, that is,the more severe the fault the shorter the time of remaining life. The results validate that the proposed method can effectively extract the bearing health state by incorporating feature fusion and establish accurately prediction model for bearing remaining life.     

Multitask learning for health condition identification and remaining useful life prediction: deep convolutional neural network approach

Predicting remaining useful life (RUL) is crucial for system maintenance. Condition monitoring makes not only degradation data available for RUL estimation but also categorized health status data for health state identification. However, RUL prediction has been treated as an independent process in most cases even though potential relevance exists with health status detection process. In this paper, we propose a convolution neural network based multi-task learning method to reflect the relatedness of RUL estimation with health status detection process. The proposed method applied to the C-MAPSS dataset for aero-engine unit prognostics supported superior performances to existing baseline models.

     

Remaining useful life prediction for degrading systems with random shocks considering measurement uncertainty

Degradation data have been widely used for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of systems. Most existing works apply a preset model to capture the degradation process and focus on the degradation process without shocks or constant shock effects. More generally, the actual degradation path is unobservable due to the existence of measurement uncertainty, which interferes with the determination of the degradation model. Besides, the effect of random shocks is usually fluctuating. Given these problems, a general degradation model with the random shock fluctuant effects considering the measurement uncertainty is first developed to describe the degradation process, and a two-step approach combining the arithmetic average filter and the Bayesian information criterion is adopted to identify the degradation path. Subsequently, the transfer processes of the actual degradation state and the abrupt change caused by shocks are depicted using a two-dimensional state-space model, and an expectation-maximization algorithm combined with the particle filtering is developed for parameter estimation. Furthermore, the explicit solution of RUL distribution is obtained when only considering harmful shocks, while a simulation method of RUL distribution is provided when both harmful and beneficial shocks exist. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example and two practical case studies.     

A novel deep learning scheme for multi-condition remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of a rolling element bearing is important for more reasonable maintenance of machinery and equipment. Generally, the information of a failure can hardly be acquired in advance while running and the degradation process varies in terms of different faults. Thus, fault identification is indispensable for a multi-condition RUL prediction, where, however, the fault identification and RUL prediction are separated in most studies. A new hybrid scheme is proposed in this paper for the multi-condition RUL prediction of rolling element bearings. The proposed scheme contains both classification and regression, where the 2D-DCNN based classifier and predictors are built concerning typical fault conditions of a bearing. For the online prediction, the raw signals are spanned in the time-frequency domain and then transferred into images as the input of the scheme. The classifier is used to monitor the vibration of rolling bearings for online fault recognition and excite the corresponding predictor for RUL prediction once a fault is detected. The output from the predictor is amended by the proposed adaptive delay correction method as the final prediction results. A demonstration is performed based on the XJTU-SY datasets and the results are compared with those from the state-of-the-art methods, which proves the superiority of the proposed scheme in improving the accuracy and linearity of RUL prediction. The time cost of the proposed online prediction scheme is also investigated and the results indicate high time effectiveness.     

Transformer-based hierarchical latent space VAE for interpretable remaining useful life prediction

Data-driven prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) has emerged as one of the most sought-after research in prognostics and health management (PHM). Nevertheless, most RUL prediction methods based on deep learning are black-box models that lack a visual interpretation to understand the RUL degradation process. To remedy the deficiency, we propose an intrinsically interpretable RUL prediction method based on three main modules: a temporal fusion separable convolutional network (TF-SCN), a hierarchical latent space variational auto-encoder (HLS-VAE), and a regressor. TF-SCN is used to extract the local feature information of the temporal signal. HLS-VAE is based on a transformer backbone that mines long-term temporal dependencies and compresses features into a hierarchical latent space. To enhance the streaming representation of the latent space, the temporal degradation information, i.e., health indicators (HI), is incorporated into the latent space in the form of inductive bias by using intermediate latent variables. The latent space can be used as a visual representation with self-interpretation to evaluate RUL degradation patterns visually. Experiments based on turbine engines show that the proposed approach achieves the same high-quality RUL prediction as black-box models while providing a latent space in which degradation rate can be captured to provide the interpretable evaluation.