基于光子晶体光纤M-Z干涉仪的折射率传感器研究

研制了一种通过手工熔接方法在两段单模光纤（SMF）间焊接一段实芯光子晶体光纤（PCF）而形成的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪（MZI）传感器,研究了传感器传输光谱与外界折射率的关系。实验结果表明,这种MZI传感器的中心波长随着外界折射率的增加向长波方向漂移,在1.340-1.384的折射率变化范围内,干涉长为3.2cm...     

基于光纤DFB激光器的高分辨折射率传感器

分析一种基于腐蚀相移DFB激光器的高分辨率折射率传感器。外界折射率通过改变腐蚀DFB激光器的相移影响激光器的输出特性。通过详细分析相移和增益对激光输出特性的影响,获得了相移激光输出波长的关系。根据激光器基模和高阶模波长差对温度的自补偿特性,设计了高分辨率的折射率传感器。理论上获得了该传感方案在激光线宽为100 kHz时,折射率传感分辨率高达10-7数量级。     

背脊波导双环铁氧体移相器

本文导出双环背脊波导锁式铁氧体移相器的传播常数公式。在典型参数下,计算了该器件的差相移和插入损耗。结果表明,该移相器的优值和差相移比同一条件下的矩形波导的同类移相器的大。为了验证文中所给方程的正确性,对差相移作了实验,其结果与计算值基本相符。     

用于应力传感的双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪

将一根单模双芯光纤(TCF)熔接在两根单模光纤(SMF)间,实验制得双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型梳状滤波器。用干涉原理分析了器件的传输谱相邻峰值的波长间隔与波长、TCF长度和两纤芯间有效折射率差的关系。结果表明,在滤波器梳状传输谱中的某中心波长处,相邻峰值的波长间隔与该中心波长的平方成正比,与TCF长度和两纤芯间有效折射率差的乘积成反比。实验检测了所制器件的应力特性,结果表明在轴向微应力的作用下,器件的传输谱向短波长方向移动,且微应力敏感度为-0.64 pm/με。     

玻璃波导有效折射率的原位测量（特邀）

飞秒激光直写玻璃波导是快速制备三维集成光子芯片的一种重要手段,波导有效折射率的准确测量对于设计光子器件意义重大。设计并制备了一种断臂马赫-曾德尔干涉仪（MZI）结构对玻璃波导有效折射率进行原位精密测量。激光在断线区域和波导内的有效折射率不同,在传输相同长度下产生一定的相位差,最终导致不同的干涉结果。对断臂MZI结构的相位干涉结果进行处理,得到激光直写玻璃波导的有效折射率为1.504+7.7×10?4。利用RSOFT软件光束传播算法对器件进行模拟仿真,仿真结果与实验吻合良好。该精确测量玻璃波导有效折射率的方法对于提升光子芯片设计与制造能力具有重要意义。     

聚合物波导马赫-曾德折射率传感器的设计和制备

以聚合物ZPU44和ZPU46作为波导包层和芯层材料,设计并制备了基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(MZI)的集成折射率传感器。设计并优化了波导截面参数、弯曲半径和传感窗长度等结构参数,分析了其折射率传感特性,进而采用光刻、反应离子刻蚀(RIE)等传统的微加工工艺制备了聚合物MZI折射率传感芯片。测试结果表明,制备的聚合物MZI传感器在1.33~1.44的折射率变化范围内具有较好的线性度,折射率灵敏度约为88dBm/RIU,与设计基本符合。本文的聚合物折射率传感器传感窗长度小,容易实现阵列化,在生化传感领域有很好的应用前景。     

开槽波导中双环铁氧体移相器的分析

本文给出了开槽波导双环铁氧体移相器的超越方程,采用典型的参数,计算了差相移、插入损耗和λ_(?)/4阻抗变换器的尺寸。结果表明这种结构移相器的优值和差相移均大于相同条件下的矩形波导移相器。为了验证本文所给出的方程,通过试验测量了相移。试验结果与所给出方程计算的结果基本一致。     

基于M-Z滤波和LPFG的液体折射率传感特性研究

利用飞秒激光逐线刻写方式在HI1060光纤中制作谐振波长为1548.5 nm,谐振强度为7 dB,栅区长度为3.2 mm的长周期光纤光栅。通过纤芯错位熔接方法在HI1060光纤中制作马赫曾德-干涉仪(MZI),对LPFG的透射光谱进行滤波优化。设计使用不同折射率的酒精溶液、氯化钠溶液和蔗糖溶液分别对基于MZI滤波的LPFG的折射率特性进行了测试和研究。实验中随着三种溶液折射率增加,LPFG的谐振波长发生红移,该LPFG在酒精溶液、氯化钠溶液和蔗糖溶液中的折射率灵敏度分别为301.78 nm/RIU、138.80 nm/RIU和132.67 nm/RIU。     

开槽波导中双环铁氧体移相器的分析

本文给出了开槽波导双环铁氧体移相器的超越方程，采用典型的参数，计算了差相移、插入损耗和λ／４阻抗变换器的尺寸。结果表明这种结构移相器的优值和差相移均大于相同条件下的矩形波导移相器。为了验证本文所给出的方程，通过试验测量了相移。试验结果与所给出方程计算的结果基本一致。     

一种新型基于石英的热光型光开关

一种采用基于石英的平面光波回路技术（PLC）制造的热光型光开关正越来越引起关注，它具有低耦合损耗、高稳定性及适于大规模集成等优点。首先描述了采用热光相移器构成马赫-曾德于涉仪（MZI）结构的热光型光开关，然后讨论2×2MZI热光型开关的工作原理及基本特性，最后介绍了由2×2MZI热光型开关单元构成的大规模光开关阵列以及一种采用悬梁式结构热光相移器的低功率消耗的光开关。     

Low-crosstalk penalty MZI space switch with a 0.64-mm phase shifterusing quantum-well electrorefraction

We investigate Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) space switches with quantum-well phase shifters. We find that the minimum phase shifter length is limited by additional crosstalk due to electroabsorption-induced imbalance in the MZI. This criterion also provides an optimal detuning between the bandgap and the operating wavelength of the MZI. Finally, we present a novel MZI with an ultrashort 0.64-mm phase shifter     

Analysis of polarization independent Mach-Zehnder-type integratedoptical isolator

This paper proposes, for the first time, an integrated optical isolator independent of light polarization. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with two nonreciprocal phase shifters, one for transverse electric (TE) modes and another one for transverse magnetic (TM) modes can be adjusted so that it blocks the fundamental modes of the waveguides constituting the interferometer propagating in one direction and is transparent for the modes propagating in the opposite direction. If the interferometer branch waveguides are in single mode regime, the performance of the device will not depend on the polarization of incoming light. The nonreciprocal phase shifters can be realized on structures with magnetization tangential to the propagation direction. Three geometries of nonreciprocal phase shifters are discussed and tolerances are estimated     

A new active RF phase shifter using variable gain, drain Voltage controlled PHEMTs:A 2.4-GHz ISM implementation

Phase shifters operating at RF bands are an essential component of phased and adaptive arrays circuits. In this letter, an active phase shifter is proposed, using vector summing of an in-phase and a quad-phase replica of the incoming signal. The proposed scheme was designed and implemented using a Wilkinson power combiner/divider, a branch line hybrid coupler and single-stage variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), achieving continuous phase shift within the range of [0/spl deg/, 90/spl deg/]. The manufactured prototype is suitable for WLAN operations in the 2.4-GHz ISM band. Details of the phase shifter design and experimental results are presented.     

Design considerations for integrated CMOS reflective-type phase shifters

An analysis of reflective-type phase shifters with transformed single-resonant loads for integrated CMOS phased-array implementations is presented. Several components of the standard lumped-element coupler can be eliminated without significant performance degradation, to allow more compact implementations. It is found that the varactor should be chosen as small as feasible to minimize sensitivity to parasitic resistance. Larger varactors reduce sensitivity to parasitic capacitance, but this can be compensated for in the phase shifter design. A general design procedure for reflective-type phase shifters is given. A phase shifter operating at 2.0 GHz has been designed and implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process using the design procedures outlined, and it occupies an area of 0.75 mm² and consumes 6.8 mW of power. The measured phase shift range is 308° for a control voltage varying from 0–1.8 V, which to our knowledge is the largest phase shift range of any CMOS reflective-type phase shifter reported to date.     

Demonstration of Spectral Phase O-CDMA Encoding and Decoding in Monolithically Integrated Arrayed-Waveguide-Grating-Based Encoder

We report on successful spectral phase encoding and decoding operation in a pair of monolithically integrated InP encoder chips, each consisting of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) pair and an eight-channel electrooptic phase shifter array. The monolithic fabrication process includes anisotropic reactive ion etching and planarizing hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy lateral regrowth to realize buried hetero-waveguide structures in AWGs and phase shifters. Electrooptical modulation in the phase shifter arrays in the encoder chip achieved Walsh-code-based optical code-division multiple access (O-CDMA) encoding and decoding. The matched-code encoding-decoding operation resulted in error-free performance in the presence of an interferer, indicating good potential for O-CDMA network applications     

X波段GaN基小相位移相器设计

基于0.25 μm GaN HEMT工艺,设计并制作了X波段11.25°和22.5°的小相位移相器单片微波集成电路(MMIC),两个移相器单元均采用低通开关滤波型拓扑结构.最终芯片面积分别为0.9 mm× 1.05 mm和0.95 mm× 1.05 mm.芯片测试结果表明,两个小相位移相器性能良好,且测试结果与仿真结果吻合.在8 ～ 12 GHz频带内,11.25°和22.5°移相器电路的相移精度小于2.8°,输入回波损耗分别优于-15和-12 dB,插入损耗值分别小于1和1.5 dB,幅度波动分别小于0.8和1.3 dB.两个移相器电路的1 dB压缩点输入功率均大于36 dBm,其功率容限优于GaAs HEMT设计的移相器.结果表明,所设计的移相器具有优异的相移精度以及良好的功率性能,可广泛应用于高精度和大功率的雷达系统中.     

Compact reflective microstrip phase shifter for traveling wave antenna applications

A varactor diode based microstrip phase shifter for 5.8GHz is presented. It is designed for use in microstrip traveling wave antennas where there is a strict limitation on the available space for the phase shifters. To meet all requirements, a reflective type phase shifter is chosen. Such a phase shifter includes a hybrid coupler. A compact branch line coupler is designed to make the phase shifter fit between the radiating elements in the antenna, while maintaining sufficient electrical performance. Phase shifters are designed with different types of stubs connecting the diodes to ground. A phase tuning range of 62/spl deg/ is measured for a phase shifter with parallel open stubs, and 92/spl deg/ with shorted stubs. Insertion loss is in both cases less than 0.6dB. A complete five-element array antenna is built and characterized. Measurements show beam scanning angles within /spl plusmn/32/spl deg/ from broadside.     

A novel wavelength conversion scheme based on a single SOA inserted MZI for all-optical switching network

A novel scheme of wavelength conversion based on single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) inserted Mach–Zehnder-interferometers (MZI) is proposed to resolve the optical packet contending in the paper. A signal phase adjuster is designed for MZI lower arms to change the optical signal phase difference between MZI upper arms and lower arms accurately. The SOA and input optical signal parameters are discussed and analyzed to optimize the scheme wavelength conversion performance for all-optical switching networks. Numerical analysis and simulation show that more than 20 dB contrast ratio can be achieved for the wavelength conversion at 40 Gbps. In addition, the system is simple structure, stable and photonic integratable.     

利用声光差频抑制集成光学陀螺背散噪声研究

研究了利用两个声光移频器间的差频抑制谐振式集成光学陀螺中的背向散射噪声.测试了声光移频器的输出特性,结果表明声光移频器输出功率随调制频率变化.测试并说明了两路声光移频器的功率不平衡会影响环形谐振器的谐振曲线深度和陀螺解调曲线的斜率,并最终导致陀螺的测量误差.实验中通过补偿声光移频器的输出功率,有效地克服了声光移频器功率带宽的影响,陀螺零漂从补偿前的0.28 mV降低为0.095 mV.     

Broadband Self-Compensating Phase Shifter Combining Delay Line and Equal-Length Unequal-Width Phaser

In this paper, a broadband self-compensating phase shifter is presented and developed on the basis of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Since the SIW is a dispersive guided-wave structure, the effective bandwidth of SIW phase shifter is usually narrow. Phase shifts generated by two different structures, namely delay line and equal-length unequal-width phase shifter, are discovered in this work to present interesting opposite tendencies versus frequency. Therefore, an appropriate combination of them will make the phase shift almost constant over a very wide band. Design equations and process are given following a mathematical analysis. To demonstrate the interesting and useful features of the proposed technique, a 90 $^{circ}$ and a 45 $^{circ}$ self-compensating phase shifters are designed as showcases with standard printed circuit board process. For the 90$^{circ}$ version, the measured amplitude and phase imbalance between the two paths are within 0.2 dB and 2.5$^{circ}$ , respectively, within the frequency band from 25.11 to 39.75 GHz, or around 49% bandwidth. The return loss is found to be better than 12 dB within the frequency band of interest. The 45 $^{circ}$ one has the similar excellent performance. The measurements demonstrate that this type of SIW phase shifter is superior to all of its counterparts.