超高强钢筋ECC梁受弯性能试验及承载力分析

为进一步研究工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC)与超高强钢筋组合成的超高强钢筋ECC梁(UHSRRE梁)的受弯性能,对3根UHSRRE梁、1根普通强度钢筋增强ECC梁(RECC梁)和1根普通强度钢筋增强混凝土梁(RC梁)进行弯曲试验,分析弯曲试验现象、ECC应变、延性性能和特征弯矩,并研究纵筋配筋率对UHSRRE梁承载力的影响。结果表明:UHSRRE梁和RECC梁的控裂能力比RC梁的控裂能力强; 与RECC梁相比,UHSRRE梁并未因采用超高强钢筋而使其控裂能力明显下降; UHSRRE梁截面应变基本符合平均应变的平截面假定,梁受拉区边缘的ECC应变小于ECC单轴受拉极限应变,梁受拉区的ECC始终不退出工作; UHSRRE梁受拉区和受压区边缘ECC应变的最大值、受压区高度和特征弯矩(除开裂弯矩)都随纵筋配筋率增加而变大; 随纵筋配筋率增加,UHSRRE梁的能量延性系数先增后减; 当UHSRRE梁具有适当纵筋配筋率时,其延性性能可优于RECC梁的延性性能。     

定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗拉细观模拟

将钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料看作水泥砂浆基体和钢纤维夹杂组成的复合材料,采用扩展有限元法模拟了定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料受拉破坏的全过程.研究采用混合同余法生成随机数建立了钢纤维随机生成算法,进而生成了不同纤维掺量的定向钢纤维水泥砂浆细观数值模型.在考虑钢纤维与砂浆基体黏结滑移作用的基础上,模拟了定向钢纤维水泥砂浆受拉断裂全过程,得到了拉伸应力-应变全曲线.通过开展直拉试验,对细观数值模拟结果进行了验证.研究表明,细观数值模拟得到的全曲线结果与试验结果吻合较好,建立的细观模型有助于进一步揭示钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料的拉伸破坏机理.     

Numerical modelling of the pull-out of hooked steel fibres from high-strength cementitious matrix,supplemented by experimental results

The paper deals with the numerical modelling of hooked steel fibres embedded in high-strength cementitious matrix. The pull-out of the fibres is first studied by means of accurate three-dimensional models which take into account the non linearities that are present in the physical model. The bonding properties of the fibre–matrix interface considered in the numerical model are based on experimental results of pull-out tests on straight fibres. The results of the numerical model are compared with respect to the results of experimental tests on hooked fibres. Then, the paper studies the effect of different fibre geometries to the load–displacement pull-out curves. It is concluded that fibres having a doubly bended shape have a superior behaviour compared to fibres having a single bended part. Finally, a simplified two-dimensional model is proposed that yield fast results which are similar to the ones obtained by its three-dimensional counterpart.     

Bolt-anchored, steel-fibre-reinforced shotcrete linings

This study describes rock reinforcement through the use of reinforced shotcrete in structural interaction with rock bolts. The intention of the investigation was to increase the knowledge of steel-fibre-reinforced shotcrete and the way in which bolt anchorage in shotcrete is designed. The researcher performed 22 large-scale laboratory tests on bolt-anchored, reinforced shotcrete lays, 19 of which were reinforced with Bekaert steel fibres, 2 with cold-tensioned reinforcement mesh, and 1 with an annealed mesh. Fibre content, fibre length and anchorage of the bolt in the shotcrete varied in the tests. For each large-scale test, adhesion tests on the rock-shotcrete interface were performed, as well as strength on sawn-out shotcrete cubes and beams both with and without fibres. The concrete mass was tested using cast cubes. Four large-scale tests on extremely thin fibre-reinforced linings without bolt anchorage also were performed. Two specimens contained steel fibres, and two contained glass fibres. Details also are provided of shear tests on split steel-fibre-reinforced test specimens on a small scale. The paper concludes with a discussion of the test results.     

Assessment of wheat fibre reinforced cementitious matrix

The technology of using synthetic fibres in reinforced concrete structures continues to mature. This research is intended to address the use of natural fibres derived from wheat straws for reinforcing cementitious matrix specimens. In order to study the properties of the cementitious matrix reinforced with wheat fibres, 156 specimens were tested in uniaxial compression and flexure. The compression tests were conducted on 2 in (50.8 mm) cubes, while the flexural tests were conducted on 1.58 × 1.58 × 6.30 in (40 × 40 × 160 mm) prisms. Several lengths of fibres and percentages in the range of 0.5% to 5% by volume of the specimens were tested in order to determine which would yield the highest load and stiffness. Specimens reinforced with polypropylene fibres were tested in order to benchmark the results. The average uniaxial compression load of the specimens reinforced with 0.5% long wheat fibres exceeded that of their counterparts reinforced with 0.5% polypropylene fibres by 15%.     

The composite effect of steel fibres and stirrups on the shear behaviour of beams using self-consolidating concrete

Based on the investigation of the influence of steel fibre on the workability of fresh self-consolidating concrete (SCC), this paper presents the experimental results carried out on a series of simply supported SCC rectangular beams, using steel fiber reinforcement with and without stirrups, and subjected to four-point symmetrically placed vertical loads. The major test variables are the steel fibre content and stirrup ratios. The current study on the shear strength of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) beams verifies the shear strength of SCC beams with steel fibres. The investigation indicates that the shear strength significantly increases by increasing the fibre content; the addition of steel fibres in an adequate percentage can change the failure mode from a brittle shear collapse into a ductile flexural mechanism. The stirrups can be partially replaced by steel fibres. The combination of steel fibres and stirrups demonstrates a positive composite effect on the mechanical behaviour. The shear strength recorded experimentally is compared with the value obtained from the proposed formula, and the correlation is satisfactory.     

Experimental study of plate‐reinforced composite deep coupling beams

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the behavior of deep coupling beams of span‐to‐depth ratio (1·17) fabricated according to the newly proposed plate‐reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam design. Three PRC coupling beams of small span/depth ratio fabricated based on different approaches for load transfers between steel plates and reinforced concrete (RC) were tested under reversed cyclic loading. This paper presents the experimental results and compares the overall performance of these three specimens with two geometrically identical RC coupling beam specimens, one with diagonal reinforcement and the other with conventional reinforcement details, tested by previous researchers. It was found that the performance of PRC deep coupling beams of small span‐to‐depth ratio with properly designed plate anchorage in the wall regions can be comparable to that of diagonally reinforced coupling beams while being able to achieve a higher shear capacity without causing the problem of steel congestion. The proper design approach for the plate anchorage of PRC coupling beams was also identified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flexural behavior of strengthened concrete beams with corroding reinforcement

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on a total of 30 under-reinforced concrete beams which were subjected to corrosion after the cover zone was replaced with different high-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites. A power supply was used to induce different degrees of corrosion into reinforcement. The beams were then tested under four-point bending for their load–deflection relations. The results show significant reductions in flexural strength due to reinforcement corrosion. The beams cast with a cover containing 50/50 blend of brass coated and hooked steel fibers have the best flexural performance. The beams cast with a cover containing glass fiber showed the smallest amount of strength reduction and a reasonable ductile failure after corrosion.     

钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁刚度试验研究

在钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁试验研究的基础上,探讨了仅在受拉区加入钢纤维对钢筋混凝土梁受力性能及刚度的影响,并结合现行规范（GBJ10—89）中关于刚度的计算理论,提出了与普通钢筋混凝土梁和钢筋全截面钢纤维混凝土梁刚度计算相衔接的钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁刚度的计算方法和相应的计算公式。     

Numerical simulation of steel-plate strengthened concrete beam by a non-linear finite element method model

Strengthening with epoxy bonded steel plate is one of the most widely used techniques for flexural upgrading of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, debonding failure at the plate cut-off zone and or in the vicinity of flexure and shear cracks leads to catastrophic failure of the upgraded beams. This particular failure depends on several factors such as the distance of plate curtailment from the support, plate thickness and the provision of end anchors. Since the conventional beam theory cannot predict the debonding failure of such beams, a finite element model capable of predicting the overall behavior of strengthened beams including different failure modes accurately is developed. This paper presents the formulation of finite elements and material models and simulation results of some RC beams tested for flexural strengthening with epoxy bonded steel plates.     

Experimental study on shearing capacity of concrete beams longitudinal reinforced with steel fiber composite bars and BFRP bars

为了研究纵筋分别采用钢-纤维复合筋（SFCB）和玄武岩纤维复合筋（BFRP筋）的混凝土梁受剪性能，以普通钢筋混凝土梁作为对比，设计并开展了46根梁的受剪承载力试验，变化参数为剪跨比、纵筋配筋率和有无箍筋。试验结果表明:三种纵筋梁的受剪承载力均随着剪跨比的减小而增大；SFCB梁的受剪承载力随着纵筋配筋率的增大也增大。此外，提出广义销栓作用影响系数的概念，推导其计算式，用于评价复合纵筋和玄武岩纵筋对混凝土梁受剪承载力的贡献，并据此建立受剪承载力计算式。经与国内外共223组混凝土梁(纵筋为钢筋、BFRP筋和SFCB等)受剪试验数据对比，验证所提广义销栓作用受剪承载力计算式的正确性。在此基础上，采用与钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力规范公式相近的安全度，建议了适用于纵筋为复合筋和玄武岩筋的混凝土梁受剪承载力设计公式。     

预应力钢带加固钢筋混凝土梁柱受力性能试验研究

将打包技术应用于结构工程加固领域。进行了6个加固梁试件和1个对比试件的受剪性能试验,分析钢带间距、钢带层数及倒角对承载力及变形性能的影响。结果表明：经预应力钢带加固的试件,在加载过程中,裂缝开展缓慢且发育充分,与未加固试件相比其受剪承载力提高约46%~95%,加固后梁的变形能力大幅提高。通过对3个加固柱试件和1个对比试件的低周反复荷载试验,分析了钢带间距及轴压比对柱水平承载力及变形能力的影响,结果表明,经预应力钢带加固后的柱试件其延性提高约32%~121%,水平承载力提高不明显。     

Glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) rebars for concrete structures

The study described is a part of a large-scale experimental and theoretical programme on the application of fibre reinforced plastic ( ) reinforcement for concrete structures initiated at the Université de Sherbrooke (Sherbrooke, Canada). The programme is being carried out to gain an insight into the flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with glass fibre reinforced plastic ( ) rebars. Results of experimental study on 3.3 m long beams reinforced with two different types of rebars are presented and compared to that of conventional steel reinforced concrete beams. Three series of reinforced concrete beams were tested in flexure. The beams were 200 mm wide and respectively 300, 450 and 550 mm high. The paper also attempts to present the properties of and its components and to give an oversight of relevant research activities involving rebars as reinforcement for concrete units.     

钢-纤维复合纵筋和玄武岩纤维复合纵筋混凝土梁受剪承载力试验研究

为了研究纵筋分别采用钢-纤维复合筋（SFCB）和玄武岩纤维复合筋（BFRP筋）的混凝土梁受剪性能,以普通钢筋混凝土梁作为对比,设计并开展了46根梁的受剪承载力试验,变化参数为剪跨比、纵筋配筋率和有无箍筋。试验结果表明:三种纵筋梁的受剪承载力均随着剪跨比的减小而增大;SFCB梁的受剪承载力随着纵筋配筋率的增大也增大。此外,提出广义销栓作用影响系数的概念,推导其计算式,用于评价复合纵筋和玄武岩纵筋对混凝土梁受剪承载力的贡献,并据此建立受剪承载力计算式。经与国内外共223组混凝土梁(纵筋为钢筋、BFRP筋和SFCB等)受剪试验数据对比,验证所提广义销栓作用受剪承载力计算式的正确性。在此基础上,采用与钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力规范公式相近的安全度,建议了适用于纵筋为复合筋和玄武岩筋的混凝土梁受剪承载力设计公式。     

GFRP筋钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

完成了9根配GFRP筋和1根配钢筋的高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验,观察其破坏过程与破坏形态,分析了纤维掺量、纵筋类型、配筋率及纵筋直径等参数对试件承载能力、弯矩-跨中挠度曲线、裂缝宽度等受弯性能的影响,采用美国ACI 440.1R-15、中国GB 50608—2010和加拿大CSA S806-12、ISIS-M03-07等规范中的建议模型,通过开裂弯矩、承载力、挠度和裂缝宽度等参数评估了各国规范对该类构件的适用性。结果表明：随配筋率的增大,试件破坏模式依次表现为受拉破坏、平衡破坏和受压破坏,受压区破坏面贯穿骨料内部,较为光滑;掺入钢纤维能够有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,延缓构件刚度退化,使开裂弯矩平均提高51.71%,承载力平均提高22.10%;增大GFRP筋配筋率能够提高构件刚度,但GFRP筋直径变化对试件变形及裂缝宽度无显著影响;GFRP筋梁开裂后刚度退化较配钢筋的对比试件迅速。各国规范计算结果表明：受拉破坏试件承载力计算结果较离散,且均偏于不安全;对于平衡破坏和受压破坏的试件预测结果均偏于保守,有足够安全储备。考虑轻骨料和钢纤维对构件刚度退化规律的影响,修正有效惯性矩并给出建议挠度计算模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Finite element analysis of thin GFRC panels reinforced with FRP

Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) incorporating fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bar reinforcement is potentially an ideal composite material for the manufacture of thin structural elements due to its superior durability over GFRC containing conventional steel reinforcement. GFRC without any bar reinforcement has only been used for small units and short spans due to its relatively low flexural strength. Until now, no work has been reported on the use of FRP bars in GFRC. The first part of the paper deals with the stress–strain characteristics of GFRC. In the second part the bond strength of GFRC with both steel and FRP reinforcing bars is determined from a series of 24 pullout tests from which the characteristics of the local bond stress–slip response was established. The results show that the bond of FRP bars in GFRC is, in general, better than the bond in normal concrete, and that conventional numerical models can be used to model the behaviour. The last part of the paper investigates the performance of a 3 m span thin GFRC permanent formwork panel, reinforced with FRP, both experimentally and analytically with finite element (FE) analysis. It is concluded that the behaviour of thin GFRC elements incorporating FRP reinforcement can be predicted by FE analysis in which the GFRC stress–strain characteristics and bond characteristics are modelled with robust spring elements.     

混杂纤维HPC深梁受剪承载力计算方法

采用正交试验法设计钢聚丙烯混杂纤维高性能混凝土(简称HPC)深梁试件,通过静力试验研究混杂纤维HPC深梁受剪承载力计算方法。正交试验中考虑的因素主要有钢纤维特征参数(类型、体积率、长径比)、聚丙烯纤维体积率、水平及竖向分布钢筋配筋率等。结果表明:混杂纤维能改变无腹筋HPC深梁的受剪破坏形态;混杂纤维的掺入使得HPC深梁的剪切初裂强度和抗剪极限强度明显提高,其平均提高幅度分别为45.2%和25.6%。将塑性理论应用于混杂纤维HPC深梁受剪承载力计算得到了很好的结果,分析表明水平及竖向分布钢筋配筋率的大小对混杂纤维HPC深梁抗剪强度的影响不显著,但水平分布钢筋的作用大于竖向分布钢筋。分析了混杂纤维的增强机理,提出了基于"拉杆拱"模型和劈裂破坏计算模式的混杂纤维HPC深梁受剪承载力计算式。     

Deflection and crack-width prediction of concrete beams reinforced with glass FRP rods

Concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars exhibit large deflections and crack widths as compared to concrete beams reinforced with steel due to the low modulus of elasticity of FRP. Current design methods for predicting deflections at service load and crack widths developed in concrete structures reinforced with steel bars may not be used for concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. Thus, the ACI 440 Committee has provided design guidelines for concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Verification of the ACI 440 methods for predicting deflections and crack widths for glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams are presented in this paper. In addition, improvement to the crack width equation was suggested to account for 2 layers of reinforcement. This study shows that ACI 440.1R-01 can be effectively used to predict deflections in concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars and crack width in beams with one-layer FRP bars. However, when FRP bars are placed in two layers, ACI 440.1R-01 can be used after some parameters are modified. Six full concrete beams reinforced with different GFRP reinforcement ratios were load tested and the measured deflections and crack widths were analyzed and compared with those predicted by the proposed models. The experimental results compared well with those proposed by the model.     

Investigation on modeling parameters of concrete beams reinforced with basalt FRP bars

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are widely used as internal reinforcement replacing the conventional steel bars to prevent from corrosion. Among the different types of FRP bars, basalt FRP (BFRP) bars have been used in different structural applications and, herein, three already tested concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars are analyzed using three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA). The beams were tested in four-point bending. In the FEA the behavior of concrete is simulated using the “Concrete-Damaged Plasticity” model offered in ABAQUS software. The research presented here presents a calibrated model for nonlinear FEA of BFRP concrete beams to predict their response considering both the accuracy and the computational efficiency. The calibration process showed that the concrete model should be regularized using a mesh-dependent characteristic length and material-dependent post-yield fracture and crushing energies to provide accurate mesh-size independent results. FEA results were compared to the test results with regard to failure load and crack patterns. Both the test results and the numerical results were compared to the design predictions of ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12, where CSA S806-12 seems to overestimate the shear strength for two beams.     

内嵌钢板混凝土组合连梁抗震性能试验研究

为改善传统高层建筑剪力墙连梁的抗震性能,设计并制作3个内嵌钢板混凝土组合(SPC)连梁和1个交叉斜筋钢筋混凝土连梁试件并进行低周往复加载试验。试件变化参数包括连梁纵筋配筋率和配板形式。对比分析各连梁的破坏过程、滞回性能、耗能能力、强刚度退化、承载力、延性以及变形能力等。结果表明,连梁试件发生弯剪和弯曲两种破坏模式;增大连梁纵筋配筋率在提高承载力的同时降低了试件的延性变形;在配板率相同情况下,钢板形式由单钢板改变为拉结双层钢板,连梁受力性能相似,当单层钢板厚度较大时可采用双层钢板设计方案;钢板的设置可有效提高试件的承载力与延性,较好改善滞回曲线的捏拢效应,同时参与连梁端部塑性铰区的抗弯,提供较大的抵抗弯矩,钢板的受压作用也可提高塑性铰的转动能力。与交叉配筋钢筋混凝土连梁相比,利用钢板良好的承载力和延性变形能力,内嵌钢板混凝土组合连梁具有稳定的滞回性能和耗能能力且施工简单,其综合抗震性能优于传统配筋混凝土连梁。