铜合金直升机旋翼配重构件的金属型铸造及工艺

采用金属型铸造并对铜合金材料进行基础试验和计算,确定了直升机旋翼配重构件的铸造工艺边界参数;利用CAD对铸造工艺参数及铸造工艺方案进行数值模拟.结果表明:经金属型铸造的铜合金密度达到理论密度的99.91%.经金属模铸造成型的铜合金直升机旋翼配重构件满足设计要求:即铸造成型后直升机配重构件的质量偏差为±5 g,曲面变形小于0.2 mm,最大截面厚度偏差为±0.1 mm.经铸造后直升机旋翼配重构件的力学性能为:σb=315 MPa,σ0.2=143 MPa,δ=25%,HB=950.     

直升机旋翼协调加载系统的模型参考自适应解耦控制

研究了直升机旋翼协调加载系统的解耦控制问题.分析了协调加载系统组成结构,建立了电液伺服加载系统数学模型,指出了协调加载系统解耦控制的难点.针对该系统特点,提出了基于GCMAC的模型参考自适应解耦控制策略,采用常规PID控制器作为辅助控制器,GCMAC控制器作为主控制器在线学习理想控制作用,使得耦合系统逼近参考模型,实现解耦控制.仿真表明,该解耦控制策略是有效的,力指令跟踪误差小于4%.     

直升机加载抑制多余力控制研究

针对直升机旋翼加载多余力问题，对耦合模型进行了分析，基于结构不变性原理，讨论了解耦通道的设计，给出了不同的结构和参数配置情况及其多余力消除效果，其结论用于实际系统调试参考。     

旋翼试验台液压伺服控制系统设计

为了满足直升机旋翼试验台的操纵和激振的需求,设计了液压伺服控制系统。该系统由泵站、伺服控制器、伺服动作器等部分组成。系统的额定压力13.5 MPa,额定流量40 L/min,输出频率0～100 Hz。使用结果表明,该系统满足所有的设计要求。     

旋翼飞行机器人的结构设计与动力学建模研究

为了实现旋翼飞行机器人与外部环境交互作业,设计了一种带有机械臂的新型飞行机器人系统,并应用空间算子代数理论对计及刚柔耦合多体系统的旋翼飞行机器人系统进行了递推动力学建模。首先,考虑到旋翼飞行机器人的运动状态、质量比与工作需求,设计了一款通过六旋翼飞行器加装2自由度机械臂的新型旋翼飞行机器人系统。其次,采用空间算子代数理论实现基于刚柔耦合的旋翼飞行机器人正向与反向递推动力学建模。最后,通过编制动力学仿真程序和飞行实验对文中所提算法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:基于空间算子代数的刚柔耦合递推动力学建模方法计算效率高,仿真结果与实验数据基本吻合,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

小型旋翼气动特性研究

为研究小型旋翼的气动特性,运用CFD方法对旋翼的流场进行数值模拟,通过旋翼表面压力分布、速度矢量、流场流线以及升阻比来详细分析旋翼的流场分布特点和气动特性。设计试验系统并搭建气动测试实验平台,实际测量旋翼的拉力和功耗并验证数值模拟结果的可行性。研究结果表明,旋翼桨尖处压力最大且存在负压区域,桨尖压力梯度最大的地方逸出了桨尖涡。在雷诺数范围0.8×10~5~1.16×10~5内,旋翼翼型在雷诺数约为90 000时的升阻比达到最大。低转速下旋翼的功率载荷较大,在转速约为1 700 r/min时,旋翼的拉力较大同时功耗较小。     

速度同步控制在抑制多余力中的应用

以某直升机旋翼加载系统为例,对被动式力加载系统的多余力抑制进行了研究.提出了传统的结构不变性原理的补偿方案,分析它的优点和不足,进一步提出了利用助力器的控制信号进行速度同步控制、抑制多余力的新方案.仿真和试验结果证明该方案在系统的动态品质、鲁棒性和消扰能力等方面具有相当好的效果.     

形状记忆合金及其在航空工业上的应用(二)

2.2 SMA在旋翼机上的应用直升机旋翼的设计是在悬停条件和前飞操作条件之间找到平衡,但又必须要适应外界环境非常不稳定的空气动力学和动态学条件,由此导致飞机振动大,噪音大,有限的有效载荷和速度,维护费用高以及元部件的使用寿命有限等。传统的直升机旋翼主动控制系统大、重、复杂,但如果换成在电、磁或热刺激下能改变形状的智能材料,将其嵌入旋翼翼片     

含穿透损伤复合材料桨叶结构静强度分析

受弹伤后桨叶结构的静强度、动态特性和剩余寿命等是复合材料直升机旋翼桨叶结构损伤容限设计必须研究的问题.选取某直升机复合材料桨叶靠近桨根的翼段结构,利用CATIA建立三维实体模型,并导入ANSYS软件建立有限元分析模型,分别对翼段不同位置、不同方向的穿透损伤情况进行桨叶结构静强度分析.应用APDL参数化设计语言,开发了计...     

大型直升机旋翼桨毂上、下星板的模锻成形

本文介绍了用100t-m无砧座锤模锻大型直升机旋翼桨毂上、下星板的工艺过程。该项工艺研究目前已用于生产。它结束了我国大型直升机上、下星板模锻件多年来依赖进口的历史,证明了我国在高难度大型锻件技术研究领域上了一个新台阶。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.