支撑刚度对全矢谱参数影响的研究

转子各向同性的理论无法解释许多不平衡相关的振动现象,基于转子系统中刚度和阻尼各向异性的特点,建立了具有非线性刚度和阻尼的转子系统动力学模型,并用四阶龙格－库塔方法求解系统的不平衡响应。研究了在不同的非线性刚度系数下,两个垂直方向上刚度的变化对全矢谱参数的影响。结果表明：在恒定转速下,刚度变化对振矢、振矢比、矢相位有较强的规律性影响。该结论为全矢谱技术在非线性因素下的应用提供了理论参考。     

电磁支撑阻尼对非线性刚度转子系统振幅突变性能的影响

为分析电磁支撑阻尼参数对非线性刚度转子系统振幅突变控制性能的影响规律,将具有非线性电磁支撑刚度和电磁支撑阻尼特性的电磁支撑引入转子系统,建立了电磁支撑-转子系统动力学模型。利用平均法导出了转子系统主共振频率响应方程。在此基础上,基于突变理论和奇点稳定性理论分别得到转子系统分叉集曲线和临界失稳曲线的数学表达式。借助数值算例讨论了电磁支撑阻尼对主共振振幅特性、分叉集突变区域以及振幅失稳区域的影响规律。结果表明:电磁支撑阻尼可以进一步优化非线性刚度转子系统振幅突变的控制效果,同时也可以作为一种振幅突变控制措施而单独使用。     

柔性铰链可倾瓦轴承不平衡响应的主动控制

在轴承转子系统中,为提高转子的旋转精度,对系统进行了主动控制。基于柔性铰链可倾瓦轴承建立了轴承转子系统轴心轨迹和轴瓦摆动的计算模型,在考虑系统惯性和非线性油膜力的基础上,计算了转子在不平衡响应下的非线性轴心轨迹和轴瓦的摆动规律,并提出了一种振动的主动控制方法。仿真计算结果表明,转子的不平衡载荷是转子产生周期性振动的重要因素。通过在轴瓦的瓦背施加力,控制轴瓦的摆动规律,可以抵消转子不平衡载荷引起的振动。通过主动控制,转子振动明显减弱,极大得提高了转子的旋转精度。     

参数不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统的动态特性

目前,关于电磁轴承支承特性的研究大多是基于PID类传递函数明确的控制算法展开的,而非线性控制算法的模糊属性导致难以建立电磁轴承的支承刚度和阻尼模型,系统的支承特性存在不确定性,从而难以对此类磁悬浮系统的动力学特性展开研究。为此,针对支承特性不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统,首先,运用有限元法建立了磁悬浮双转子系统的理论模型;其次,将电磁轴承支承特性中的不确定量转化为‘未知而有界’的区间;最后,基于Chebyshev正交多项式的区间分析方法对磁悬浮双转子系统的动态特性展开了研究。研究结果表明,低频峰值响应的不确定度与等效刚度和阻尼呈现幂函数变化关系。     

基于LTCA的高速齿轮传动系统非线性动态特性分析

为研究高速齿轮传动系统的动态特性问题,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度激励、误差等因素的非线性弯-扭耦合动力学模型。采用承载接触仿真(LTCA)方法,结合当量误差啮合理论,计算了模型中的时变啮合刚度和啮合误差激励条件。利用数值方法求解得到系统的动态响应特性。结果表明:在时变啮合刚度和啮合误差激励因素影响下,系统表现出很强的非线性特性;转速从7000r/min变化到15000r/min时,时间历程一直表现为非周期变化;增大轮齿啮合刚度和提高加工精度等级可改善动态响应特性。为高速齿轮传动系统的动态稳定性设计提供理论基础。     

中介轴承?双转子?支承系统的非线性振动响应分析

为研究航空发动机转子运行过程中非线性振动响应特性,构建了一种由滚动轴承支承的双转子系统力学分析模型。该模型两端由滚动轴承支承,高低压转子由中介轴承耦合,使用频谱图和轴心轨迹图描述在不同中介轴承间隙下系统动力响应情况,并通过相图、庞加莱截面及分岔图分析系统在非线性动力学状态演化中周期、拟周期和混沌等复杂的动力学现象。结果表明:随着中介轴承间隙变大,系统振动频率变得丰富,转子系统在竖直方向的振幅变化量比水平方向振幅变化量大;双转子系统处于混沌状态的转速区间变大,严重影响系统运行的稳定性。研究结果为系统的优化设计、振动的控制和失效预防提供了一定的理论参考。     

转子系统非线性振动的辨识建模

对转子系统振动的线性化建模与分析，在非线性因素较为突出时，不仅导致定量上的误差；更重要的是，将忽略真实转子系统丰富的非线性振动现象，这对于机械故障分析与诊断是非常不利的。针对上述情况，提出了一种转子系统非线性振动的辨识建模方法，该方法仅需利用不平衡激励的周期位移响应，无需人工激振，数学处理、编程较为简单，便于实施。实验结果表明，该辨识建模方法是行之有效的。     

滑动轴承非线性油膜力的小参数逼近法

基于直接展开小参数法的思想,对油膜力沿瞬态轴心轨迹展开,通过仿真比较非线性、线性、小参数逼近油膜力三种模型下的不平衡响应,由结果可知小参数逼近的油膜力模型与非线性结果吻合度很高,因此用此方法辨识非线性转子轴承系统不平衡量,能使精度大大提高。     

一种新型椭圆齿轮马达的动力学分析

为了增大非圆齿轮马达的排量,平衡马达的径向力,提出了6-8阶低速大扭矩椭圆齿轮马达。从椭圆齿轮的传动特性出发,得到了该椭圆齿轮系统的建模过程,绘制出了该非圆行星齿轮系统中各个齿轮的节曲线以及齿廓图形。在分析各个激振参数,并考虑了行星齿轮系统中各啮合齿轮的时变啮和刚度,啮合相位及齿轮副间隙的基础上,建立了椭圆行星齿轮系统的的动力学方程,并得出了系统的动态响应。动力学模型建立与求解的方法对于一般的非圆行星齿轮系统的动力学分析具有普遍适用的意义。     

机床主轴系统静刚度分析及实验研究

为研究机床主轴系统静刚度特性,建立一种高性能加工中心主轴-轴承系统模型,该模型包括主轴转子和轴承。采用有限元法建立主轴轴系零件模型,并与轴承拟静力学模型集成得到主轴系统有限元模型,通过计算得到主轴系统3个方向的静刚度。对该机床主轴系统进行静刚度测试实验,以验证理论计算结果的正确性。研究表明:理论计算结果和实验结果具有较好一致性,因此可以有效地证明该有限元模型的准确性;此外,由于主轴系统内部存在阻尼效应及摩擦作用,卸载时静刚度大于加载时静刚度;同时其轴向静刚度存在一定非线性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.