激光熔覆纳米Al2O3的粉末冶金件的表面组织

运用纳米Al2O3作为粉末冶金件的表面改性材料,通过激光熔覆试验对粉末冶金件进行了表面改性。分析了激光熔覆的凝固过程,运用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对粉末冶金材料的表面改性层组织进行了观察,并对改性层不同组织的形成因素进行了研究。结果表明:熔覆后材料组织分为熔覆层区、界面结合区、基体区。从熔覆层到基体密度呈现由密向疏变化。激光熔覆组织主要受涂层成分及含量、工艺参数、形状控制因子G/υ(温度梯度/凝固速度)的影响,而形状控制因子又决定于工艺参数。当光带矩形光斑尺寸为15mm×2mm时,最佳功率为2.5kW,最佳扫描速度为90mm/min。     

40Cr曲面基体激光熔覆W6Mo5Cr4V2性能

为了利用激光熔覆技术实现模切机刀辊刀刃的增材制造,以曲率半径、熔覆轨迹、搭接率等为影响因素,在40Cr曲面基体上进行W6Mo5Cr4V2粉末的多道激光熔覆正交试验研究,并对熔覆层的残余应力、显微硬度以及显微组织结构进行分析。结果表明,保护气流量对残余应力变化影响显著,当工艺参数为激光功率1 800 W、扫描速度10 m/s、保护气流量400 g/min、曲率半径60 mm、搭接率30%、周向熔覆时,残余应力达到最小值。当残余应力满足成形要求时,显微组织的结晶形态从熔覆层顶部到结合区由平面晶向树状晶发展,熔覆层没有缺陷且与基体实现了良好的冶金结合。同时,显微硬度值从基体到熔覆层顶部呈阶梯状增长式分布,熔覆层的显微硬度平均值均在60HRC以上,满足模切机刀辊刀刃的硬度要求。     

激光熔覆铁基合金涂层研究进展

综述了激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的研究进展,着重介绍了激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的成份设计、组织和性能及体系分类,并指出了激光熔覆铁基合金涂层存在的问题和发展方向。     

宽带送粉激光熔覆ZrO_2/Ni60A复合涂层组织及硬度分析

在304不锈钢外圆表面使用激光熔覆镍基氧化锆金属陶瓷粉末,对激光工艺参数进行优化,制备工艺性能良好的熔覆层.研究了激光工艺参数对熔覆层宏观形貌、显微组织和硬度分布的影响.结果表明：激光功率为1.5 kW时为佳;随扫描速度增大,熔覆层的组织有细化的趋势;通过优化扫描速度,可得到显微硬度值较高,且沿熔覆层表面的垂直方向的硬度分布变化不大的熔覆涂层.     

熔覆速度对氩弧熔覆铁基合金涂层组织及性能的影响

在低碳钢表面熔覆一层耐磨材料,用以取代昂贵的整体合金,既可保留低碳钢高塑及韧性的特点,又能大幅提高表面层的硬度和耐磨性,从而达到降本增效的目的．利用氩弧熔覆技术,在廉价的Q235钢材表面制备了铁基合金涂层,并测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性;研究了熔覆速度对涂层合金的组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响．试验结果表明,采用氩弧熔覆工艺可以在Q235钢基表面上获得与基体结合良好、组织细密且具有较高硬度和耐蚀性的铁基合金熔覆层;适当提高熔覆速度,可使熔覆层组织获得有效的细化,且增大涂层合金的硬度,提高了耐磨性．     

刨削加工残余应力及其引起的变形研究

本文探讨了切削参数对工件表面最大残余应力和残余应力分布的影响规律,分析了刨削退火钢时工件表层产生残余拉应力的主要原因,讨论了薄板挠曲变形与表面残余应力之间的关系,提出了降低残余应力和减小薄板挠曲变形的措施。     

激光熔覆钴基合金的光学检测实验研究

为了直观地表达熔池几何特征参数,分析不同工艺参数下熔池的变化特征,提高熔覆质量,针对激光熔覆系统建立了熔池监测系统,对图像处理后,获得熔池的面积,同时对熔覆后的熔覆带界面进行考察。利用该监测系统研究了不同激光功率、扫描速度、预置粉末厚度下,熔池面积、稀释率以及热影响区深度的变化规律。结果表明,熔池面积、热影响区深度以及熔覆带稀释率都随激光功率的增大而增大,随扫描速度的增大而减小。随预置粉末厚度的增大,熔池面积增大,但稀释率和热影响区反而减小。通过对熔池以及熔覆带界面的检测和观察,为提升熔覆质量、保证工艺稳定提供了理论依据。     

激光强化后7050凹槽铝板的残余应力分布规律研究

为了研究激光冲击强化后7050-T7451凹槽铝板残余应力场分布,测量了冲击后凹槽的残余应力分布规律:从凹槽中心到凹槽边缘,残余应力逐渐减小;在凹槽边缘底边处取最小值;然后沿凹槽边缘上升而增大,表面残余应力在凹槽曲面底边处取到最小值。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立凹槽铝板的三维有限元模型,利用VDLOAD子程序施加载荷,进行数值分析得到了激光喷丸后残余应力分布并与试验测量结果对比,符合较好;然后研究了不同激光参数对凹槽铝板残余应力场的影响规律。结果表明:随着激光功率密度从0.84 GW/cm~2增加到5.29 GW/cm~2,残余应力先减小后增加,激光功率密度为3.06 GW/cm~2时达到最小值-230 MPa;随着光斑直径从4 mm增加到6 mm,残余应力由-214 MPa增加至-30 MPa;随着激光脉宽从10 ns增加到40 ns,残余应力由-21 MPa减小至-288 MPa,残余压应力层深度逐渐增加;表面残余应力的最小值在凹槽曲面处取得。     

激光辐照熔石英控制的ANSYS仿真

基于ANSYS平台,对激光辐照熔石英的过程进行动态模拟,分析了温度场和熔池形状、应力场的变化及残余应力分布,并对高温退火去应力的情况进行了仿真。结果表明,激光辐照过程中辐照中央的温度最高,辐照边缘具有较大的温度梯度;冷却至室温后,辐照中央存在较大的拉应力,辐照边缘存在较大的压应力,经过退火后残余应力明显减小。     

Nd:YAG激光熔覆固体润滑涂层组织及摩擦磨损特性研究

采用Nd:YAG激光器在45钢表面制备了镍基固体自润滑涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X线能谱(EDS)分析法对激光熔覆涂层中元素的变化趋势进行了分析,并对其组织及摩擦磨损特性进行了研究.结果表明,激光功率为380 W时,熔覆层组织细小致密;在熔覆过程中轻质元素的上浮和重质元素的下沉,以及基材的熔化稀释造成涂层中元素含量(质量分数)分布的起伏,基材中铁(Fe)元素向涂层中扩散,熔覆层与基体实现良好的冶金结合.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:在常温和400℃条件下,激光功率为380 W时制备的自润滑熔覆涂层的摩擦因数低于激光功率为350W时制备的熔覆涂层,其平均摩擦因数分别为0.45和0.48.     

Pulsed Nd：YAG laser cladding of high silicon content coating on low silicon steel

A pulsed Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser-based technique was employed to clad low silicon steel with preplaced Si and Fe mixed powders for high Si content. The surface morphology, microstructural evolution, phase composition, and Si distribution, within the obtained cladding coatings, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with associated energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness was also measured along the depth direction of the specimens. A crack-and pore-free cladding coating through excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate was successfully prepared on low silicon steel by means of optimized sin-gle-track and multi-track laser cladding. The phases of the coating are α-Fe, γ-Fe, and FeSi. The high microhardness of the la-ser-cladding zone is considered as an increase in Si content and as the refined microstructure produced by the laser treatment. The Si contents of the cladding coatings were about 5.8wt/ in the single-track cladding and 6.5wt/ in the multi-track cladding, respectively.     

EA4T钢表面激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Ni涂层的组织与性能

通过激光熔覆技术对损伤车轴EA4T钢表面进行修复,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X线衍射方法分析修复层的显微组织结构,利用万能拉伸试验机和应力测试仪测试修复层和基体的结合性能及残余应力。研究结果表明:修复层显微组织主要由γ-Fe固溶体、BNi₃、M₇C₃和Fe₃C组成,热影响区为上贝氏体和呈网状分布的铁素体组织,修复层和基体的结合区主要由平面晶、柱状晶和树枝晶组成,修复层顶部区域其组织主要以交叉树枝晶为主;激光熔覆后的EA4T钢的抗拉强度升高,但屈服强度和常温U型缺口冲击性能降低;整个修复层中残余应力较大,呈拉应力状态分布,而基体区域呈压应力状态分布。     

稀土对激光熔覆Co基合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高热镀锌生产线关键部件的使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在316L不锈钢表面制备了具有不同稀土氧化物含量的Co基熔覆层.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计研究了稀土氧化物对Co基合金熔覆层显微组织、相结构、显微硬度的影响.结果表明,稀土氧化物使得Co基合金熔覆层的组织更为细化,且硬度更高.添加质量分数为0.5%的CeO_2后,Co基合金熔覆层的显微硬度高达900 HV.Co基稀土合金熔覆层主要由γ-Co、Cr_7C_3及相应稀土氧化物组成.稀土氧化物的加入有效延缓了由锌液沿微裂纹扩展引起的溶解腐蚀.添加质量分数为0.5%的CeO_2后,Co基合金熔覆层的腐蚀深度约为12μm,锌蚀过渡层平直且完整,耐锌蚀性优异.     

低碳钢表面激光涂覆WC+Co的工艺研究

本文研究了利用激光作为热源在低碳钢表面涂覆WC+Co的工艺。利用光镜、扫描电镜、能谱成分分析及显微硬度等手段对涂层合金的组织和性能进行了分析。认为在低碳钢表面涂覆硬质合金的涂层组织性能取决于激光涂覆工艺与预涂层的质量。在较低的激光输出功率和较慢的扫描速率下,可以得到WC颗粒弥散分布于γ为基的固溶体上的组织,其硬度可达1400HV.较高的功率条件下,涂层组织是WC全部熔解重新生成的η+γ共晶组织,硬度降至1000HV.较快的扫描下涂覆层合金不易涂覆在基体上。     

Dry wear behaviors of wear resistant composite coatings produced by laser cladding

Using different proportional mixtures of Ni-coated MoS2, TiC and pure Ni powders, new typical wear resistant and selflubricant coatings were formed on low carbon steel by laser cladding process. The microstructures and phase composition of the composite coatings were studied by SEM and XRD. The typical microstructure of the composite coating is composed of multisulfide phases including binary element sulfide and ternary element sulfide, γ-Ni, TiC and Mo2C. Wear tests were carried out using an FALEX-6 type pin-on-disc machine. The friction coefficient and mass loss of three kinds of MoS2/TiC/Ni laser clad coatings are lower than those of quenched 45 steel, and the worn surfaces of the laser cladding coatings are very smooth. Because of high hardness combined with low friction, the laser cladding composite coating with a mixture of 70% Ni-coated MoS2, 20%TiC and 10% pure Ni powder presents better wear behaviors than the composite coating with other powder blends. The composition analysis of the worn surface of GCr15 bearing steel shows that the transferred film from the laser cladding coating to the opposite surface of GCr15 bearing steel contains an amount of sulfide, which can change the micro-friction mechanism and lead to a reduced friction coefficient.     

Influence of cross correlation step length on the surface stress of thin laser cladding Fe314 alloy coatings

To measure the surface stress of thin laser cladding coatings with Rayleigh waves based on the cross correlation function, this pa-per introduced the influence of cross correlation step length on the stress measurement. Flat-shaped specimens made of laser cladding Fe314 alloy coatings were performed by static tensile tests, and Rayleigh wave signals were collected during the test process with an ultrasonic pulser and receiver instrument combined with two Rayleigh wave transducers. The difference in time of flight between two signals was de-termined based on the cross correlation function. The microstructure was observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The influence of the stress on the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves and the relationship between the difference in time of flight and tensile stress under dif-ferent cross correlation step lengths were analyzed. The inhomogeneous deformation of the coatings affects the relationship between the dif-ference in time of flight and tensile stress; the stress measurement of the coatings is nearly constant with the increase of cross correlation step length when it attains one cycle.     

Microstructure and tribological properties of laser clad Ni-Ag/Tic composite coating

Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating was prepared on the 45 steel substrates by means of laser cladding. Microstructure and wear properties of composite coatings were analyzed using optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and wear machine. The experimental results show that defects, such as cracks and pores, do not occur in the laser-cladded Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating and 45 steel substrate, and they present good metallurgical bonding between them. Compared with Ni/TiC composite coating, micro- hardness values of the two coatings do not present evident differences. The wear experiment result shows that Ni-Ag/TiC composite coated with Ag possesses low friction coefficient and good wear resistance compared with Ni/TiC composite coating.     

工具钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层的组织及性能

通过送粉式激光熔覆在碳素工具钢(T10钢)表面制备了Co基合金熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其微观结构和相组成。结果表明:熔覆层中主要有γ-Co相以及其他相,包括Cr23C6、Co7W6和CrNi。从熔池与基体界面到熔覆层表面存在不同的凝固形态,依次为平面晶(在界面处)、胞状晶和树枝晶。微观组织较细的树枝晶强化了熔覆层,因而激光熔覆层的显微硬度增加,耐腐蚀性提高。     

Laser cladding Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO₂ laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al₂O₃ -TiO₂ composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Al₃Mg₂, Mg₂Si, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂ phases. Compared to the average microhardness (50HV_0.05) of the AZ31B substrate, that of the composite coatings (230HV_0.05) is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCl solution.