“并行计算”课程算法实践教学的新工具：CUDA编程模型

本文首先从当今多核微处理器的发展趋势出发,介绍适用于多核微处理器的细粒度并行编程模型CUDA,以及其适用于“并行计算”课程教学的一系列优势,接着对当前可用的几种并行编程模型进行分析和比较,最后给出采用CUDA编程模型的一个矩阵与矩阵相乘的教学实例。     

基于SMP集群的多层次并行编程模型与并行优化技术*

详细描述了适用于SMP集群这种多层次并行体系结构的混合并行编程模型MPI／OpenMP,它提供了实现SMP节点间和节点内多层次并行的机制。在此基础上结合实用的性能评价方法,分别介绍了MPI,OpenMP和单处理器三个层次上的一些常用和有效的并行优化技术,并指出单处理器性能优化是提高并行程序性能一个不容忽视的问题。     

异构并行编程模型研究与进展

近年来,异构系统硬件飞速发展.为了解决相应的编程和执行效率问题,异构并行编程模型已被广泛使用和研究.从异构并行编程接口与编译/运行时支持系统两个角度总结了异构并行编程模型最新的研究成果,它们为异构架构和上层应用带来的技术挑战提供了相应的解决方案.最后,结合目前的研究现状以及异构系统的发展,提出了异构并行编程模型的未来方向.     

基于SMP集群的混合并行编程模型研究

提出一种适用于SMP集群的混合MPI＋OpenMP并行编程模型。该模型贴近于SMP集群的体系结构且综合了消息传递和共享内存2种编程模型的优势,能获得较好的性能。讨论该混合模型的实现机制以及MPI消息传递模型的特点。实验结果表明,在一定条件下,该混合并行编程模型是SMP集群的最优选择。     

SMP机群混合编程模型研究

研究了适用于 SMP机群的混合编程模型 ,并把它划分为 Open MP MPI和 Thread MPI两类 .通过研究指出 ,Open MP MPI优于 Thread MPI.在此基础上 ,重点研究了 Open MP MPI的实现机制、粗粒度和细粒度并行化方法、循环选择、优化措施以及注意事项等 ,得出细粒度并行化的 Open MP MPI是 SMP机群编程模型的一个较好选择的结论     

多核集群系统下的混合并行遗传算法研究

为应对传统遗传算法在处理大规模组合优化问题面临的进化速度缓慢,难以达到实时要求的严峻挑战,提出了一种在多核PC集群系统上实现“粗粒度一主从式”混合并行遗传算法的模型:通过把“粗粒度一主从式”并行遗传算法映射到多核PC集群上,结合消息传递和共享存储两种并行编程模型,在节点间使用消息传递模型(MPI),对应的遗传算法为粗粒度并行遗传算法,在节点内使用共享存储模型(OpcnMP),对应的遗传算法为主从式并行遗传算法,用MPI和OpenMP混合编程的方式以进程和线程两级并行在多核集群上实现具体的混合并行遗传算法。理论分析和实验结果表明,提出的实现模型有较好的性能,可大大改进传统遗传算法的缺陷。为利用并行遗传算法在普通多核PC集群上处理大规模组合优化问题提出了一种有效、可行的解决方案。     

基于SMP集群的三维网格多粒度混合并行编程模型

为提高大规模三维网格并行算法的执行效率,针对SMP集群分布/共享两级内存层次结构的特点,介绍适用于SMP集群混合编程的不同实现方法.对三维网格模型最短路径问题的并行求解提出了多粒度混合并行编程模型,给出了实现该问题的MPI+OpenMP混合并行算法,并在SMP集群上同粗粒度MPI(Message Passing Interface)并行算法做了性能比较.结果表明,采用该多粒度混合并行编程模型具有更好的加速比和运行效率.     

一个数值天气预报模式的并行混合编程模型及其应用

提出了一个适用于数值天气预报模式的并行混合编程模型,归纳出混合并行算法设计的特点.依据该模型,针对国内发展的区域数值天气预报模式,开发基于MPI/OpenMP的并行版本.通过对五种并行方案的并行性能分析比较,发现其结果同抽象模型的分析结论是一致的.     

Win32平台基于通信的多核并行编程方法

随着计算机硬件的发展,多核并行计算在计算机软件及应用领域的出现率也越来越频繁。目前的多核编程模型采用线程级并行模型,现有的多线程并行编程模型主要有线程库、指令模型和任务式模型三种。提出一种与MPI并行编程模型相似的基于通信的方法在Win32平台上来实现并行编程,在此基础上实现MTI并行编程模型。通过若干典型的测试给出使用MTI进行并行编程的执行结果,结果表明MTI是有效、易用的。     

基于GPU的遥感图像IHS小波融合并行算法设计与实现

遥感图像融合是遥感图像应用的一个重要处理步骤。随着遥感图像数据规模与融合算法计算复杂度的增大,遥感图像融合面临着处理速度的挑战。最近几年,GPU计算能力得到极大提升,面向通用计算的应用得到了快速发展。本文基于GPU编程模型和硬件特性,深入研究了遥感图像融合的并行加速算法,提出了适合融合执行流的并行映射模型。本文选取计算量大、计算精度高的IHS增强小波融合算法进行GPU并行设计,并针对主流的GPU平台在数据传输、循环优化、线程设计等方面进行了优化,最后在nVIDIA GTX 460 GPU上进行了实验。实验结果表明,本文设计的并行映射模型及优化策略能够很好地适用于遥感图像融合应用,最大加速比达到了114倍。研究表明,GPU通用计算技术在遥感图像处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Accelerated parallel texture optimization

Texture optimization is a texture synthesis method that can efficiently reproduce various features of exemplar textures. However, its slow synthesis speed limits its usage in many interactive or real time applications. In this paper, we propose a parallel texture optimization algorithm to run on GPUs. In our algorithm, k-coherence search and principle component analysis （PCA） are used for hardware acceleration, and two acceleration techniques are further developed to speed up our GPU-based texture optimization. With a reasonable precomputation cost, the online synthesis speed of our algorithm is 4000＋ times faster than that of the original texture optimization algorithm and thus our algorithm is capable of interactive applications. The advantages of the new scheme are demonstrated by applying it to interactive editing of flow-guided synthesis.     

非线性边界和等式约束条件下的高维函数优化算法研究

本文建立了基于模式搜索法的非线性边界约束条件下多参数函数的优化算法。通过综合模式搜索法、最速下降法和转轴法解决了在高维空间中的优化算法和非线性边界约束的算法问题。同时使用广义拉格朗日乘子法解决了非线性等式约束条件的计算方法。通过在四轨道隶玻色子模型计算中的应用,验证了该计算方法的有效性。由于该方法综合了多种经典优化算法,因此可以广泛适用于在非线性复杂边界约束条件下的多参数函数的优化计算。     

Wastewater treatment plant design and operation under multiple conflicting objective functions

Wastewater treatment plant design and operation involve multiple objective functions, which are often in conflict with each other. Traditional optimization tools convert all objective functions to a single objective optimization problem (usually minimization of a total cost function by using weights for the objective functions), hiding the interdependencies between different objective functions. We present an interactive approach that is able to handle multiple objective functions simultaneously. As an illustration of our approach, we consider a case study of plant-wide operational optimization where we apply an interactive optimization tool. In this tool, a commercial wastewater treatment simulation software is combined with an interactive multiobjective optimization software, providing an entirely new approach in wastewater treatment. We compare our approach to a traditional approach by solving the case study also as a single objective optimization problem to demonstrate the advantages of interactive multiobjective optimization in wastewater treatment plant design and operation.     

Robust optimization of supply chain network design in fuzzy decision system

This paper presents a new robust optimization method for supply chain network design problem by employing variable possibility distributions. Due to the variability of market conditions and demands, there exist some impreciseness and ambiguousness in developing procurement and distribution plans. The proposed optimization method incorporates the uncertainties encountered in the manufacturing industry. The main motivation for building this optimization model is to make tools available for producers to develop robust supply chain network design. The modeling approach selected is a fuzzy value-at-risk (VaR) optimization model, in which the uncertain demands and transportation costs are characterized by variable possibility distributions. The variable possibility distributions are obtained by using the method of possibility critical value reduction to the secondary possibility distributions of uncertain demands and costs. We also discuss the equivalent parametric representation of credibility constraints and VaR objective function. Furthermore, we take the advantage of structural characteristics of the equivalent optimization model to design a parameter-based domain decomposition method. Using the proposed method, the original optimization problem is decomposed to two equivalent mixed-integer parametric programming sub-models so that we can solve the original optimization problem indirectly by solving its sub-models. Finally, we present an application example about a food processing company with four suppliers, five plants, five distribution centers and five customer zones. We formulate our application example as parametric optimization models and conduct our numerical experiments in the cases when the input data (demands and costs) are deterministic, have fixed possibility distributions and have variable possibility distributions. Experimental results show that our parametric optimization method can provide an effective and flexible way for decision makers to design a supply chain network.     

基于滚动窗口的WCDMA无线网络规划

借鉴滚动窗口优化的基本原理, 研究了大规模WCDMA无线网络基站的规划问题. 提出了基于滚动窗口的WCDMA无线网络基站滚动规划方法, 把原优化问题的整体求解分散在滚动窗口内进行, 设计了二维空间内的滚动策略, 同时对WCDMA网络中的相互干扰滚动预测, 证明了这种基于滚动窗口的规划方法能够保证全局优化目标单调下降. 通过对不同滚动策略的仿真计算, 说明了滚动策略设计对二维空间内滚动窗口优化的重要性.     

Genetic algorithm based multi-objective reliability optimization in interval environment

In most of the real world design or decision making problems involving reliability optimization, there are simultaneous optimization of multiple objectives such as the maximization of system reliability and the minimization of system cost, weight and volume. In this paper, our goal is to solve the constrained multi-objective reliability optimization problem of a system with interval valued reliability of each component by maximizing the system reliability and minimizing the system cost under several constraints. For this purpose, four different multi-objective optimization problems have been formulated with the help of interval mathematics and our newly proposed order relations of interval valued numbers. Then these optimization problems have been solved by advanced genetic algorithm and the concept of Pareto optimality. Finally, to illustrate and also to compare the results, a numerical example has been solved.     

石油化工流程模拟、先进控制与过程优化技术的现状与展望

流程模拟、先进控制和过程优化技术的研究与应用是石油化工过程的一个重要方面.本文论述了该技术的发展现状和趋势,分析了我国在该研究中存在的主要问题、面临的机遇与挑战,指出了关键的技术问题.此外,对流程模拟、先进控制和过程优化技术的经济效益与应用前景也做了分析.最后,对于如何在我国开展石油化工流程模拟、先进控制与过程优化技术的研究与应用提出了几点建议和对策.     

Mathematical programming models and algorithms for engineering design optimization

Mathematical programming provides general tools for engineering design optimization. We present numerical models for simultaneous analysis and design optimization (SAND) and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) represented by mathematical programs. These models are solved with numerical techniques based on the feasible arc interior point algorithm (FAIPA) for nonlinear constrained optimization. Even if MDO is a very large optimization problem, our approach reduces considerably the computer effort. Several tools for very large problems are also presented. The present approach is very strong and efficient for real industrial applications and can easily interact with existing simulation engineering codes.     

多模态多目标优化综述

随着工业生产和日常生活需求的多样化,单个解决方案已经无法满足生产生活的需求.多模态优化可以为决策者提供多个可行方案,但是早期对多模态优化的研究局限在单目标优化中.在多目标优化中也存在多模态优化问题,其存在多个全局或局部帕累托最优解集,找到这些最优解集具有重大的理论和实际意义.鉴于此,首先,介绍多模态多目标优化问题的特点和求解难点;其次,综述求解此类问题的主要方法,总结这些方法的优缺点;再次,介绍常用的多模态多目标优化标准测试函数集和性能评价指标;最后,给出多模态多目标优化的应用领域及未来的研究方向.     

An Optimizing Pascal Compiler

The architecture of a production optimizing compiler for Pascal is described, and the structure of the optimizer is detailed. The compiler performs both interprocedural and global optimizations, in addition to optimization of basic blocks. We have found that a high-level structured language such as Pascal provides unique opportunities for effective optimization, but that standard optimization techniques must be extended to take advantage of these opportunities. These issues are considered in our discussion of the optimization algorithms we have developed and the sequence in which we apply them.