商用陈列柜的可靠性和能耗分析

商用陈列柜作为一种独特的商用制冷产品，除了考虑其商用价值外，重点在其可靠性和低能耗，本文分析了影响商用陈列柜可靠性和能耗的因素，阐明了温度对冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的影响，对比了多台并联机组与单台的机组差别，为实际使用和选型奠定了基础。     

商用陈列柜选用机组探讨

随着便利店、超市和购物中心等的不断发展，商用陈列柜也得到了广泛的应用，陈列柜的低有耗对于保护环境、节约电力和降低动物费用等都有十分重要意义。文中分析了影响陈列柜冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的因素，阐明了温度以对冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的影响，对比了多台并联压缩机组和单台压缩机组的特点，为实际机组的选配和使用提供了方便。     

我国商用冷冻冷藏陈列柜的现状与发展

本文论述了我国商用陈列柜的市场需求及现状,并对商用陈列柜产品的技术发展趋势作了初步的分析.     

商用陈列柜最佳充灌量的试验方法

作者对某公司生产的系列陈列柜产品的充灌量进行了大量的实验研究。详尽地分析了因制冷剂的充灌量不当对陈列柜的运行及系统EER值的影响。最后提出了一种确定普通商用陈列柜制冷剂充灌量的试验方法，对改善陈列柜的运行工况及提高陈列柜的性能指标有着重要的指导意义。     

采用并联双制冷系统的立式风冷陈列柜的性能研究

商用冷柜能效新标准(GB26920.2—2015《商用制冷器具能效限定值和能效能级第二部分:自携冷凝机组商用冷柜》)在2017年正式实施,要求商用冷柜进一步节能降耗。本文通过研究商用冷柜的产品特性,对其进行技术改进,提出了一种并联双压缩机制冷系统,并将其应用在商用立式风冷陈列柜上,试验探究并联双压缩机制冷系统对陈列柜性能的影响及降低其耗电量的方法。试验结果表明,通过合理的设计并联双制冷系统,同时对陈列柜毛细管长度及充注量,双压缩机控制策略和风机运行策略3方面进行优化,最终陈列柜在冷冻工况下的耗电量仅有5.4 kW·h/24 h,在冷藏工况下耗电量为1.15 kW·h/24 h,分别是新国标中一级能效规定值的60%和72%。     

国外商用冷冻陈列柜发展情况

解放后,我国的食晶冷藏事业有了很大的发展,而且已经具有了一定的规模和水平。但是,在食品零售环节的商用冷冻陈列柜——一种特殊的小型冷藏库,可以说仍是十分落后。随着四化建设的发展和人民生活水平的提高,这种冷藏设备的重要性及其作用也越来越明显。商用冷冻陈列柜绝不是可有可无的“商店点缀品”,而是实现完整的冷藏网链,保证食品以优良的质量供给用户,在食品的销售环节上必不可少的冷藏设备。商用冷柜种类多,用途广。     

商用陈列柜选用机组探讨

随着便利店、超市和购物中心等的不断发展,商用陈列柜也得到了广泛的应用.由于陈列柜的低能耗对于保护环境、节约电力和降低运行费用等都有十分重要作用,因此陈列柜的设计制造者和使用者都十分重视它.本文分析了影响陈列柜冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的因素,阐明了温度对冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的影响,对比了多台并联压缩机组和单台压缩机组的特点,为实际机组的选配和使用奠定了基础.     

超市陈列柜节能技术的研究

本文从陈列柜制冷系统的选择，陈列柜本身的设计及陈列柜工作环境的调控等方面着眼，对当前超市制冷陈列柜节能技术方面的研究进行了介绍和分析。     

资讯·冷冻冷藏

2016年全球商用制冷设备市场可达320亿美元 根据美国市场研究机构Freedonia Group的最新报告,全球商用制冷设备市场预计将以每年4．4％的速度增长,到2016年可达到320亿美元。冷冻／冷藏设备的销售将得益于餐厅和食品零售商的增长,特别是在发展中国家。冷冻／冷藏陈列柜的需求也将快速增长,这主要是由于大型食品零售商提高了标准。     

冷冻冷藏

<正>自携式商用冷柜能效标准2017年起实施2015年12月18日消息,《商用制冷器具能效限定值和能效等级第2部分:GB 26920.2—2015自携冷凝机组商用冷柜》将于2017年1月1日开始实施。GB 26920第2部分主要规定了自携式商用冷柜的能效限定值、能效等级、节能评价值、试验方法和检验规则。据了解,本标准中涉及的自携冷凝机组商用冷柜主要包括用于销售和陈列食品的自携式制冷陈列柜;商店、宾馆和饭店等场所使用的封闭式自携饮料冷藏陈列柜;实体门商用冷柜、非零售用的自携式制冷陈列柜。     

能源计量和建模技术的研究与应用

应用动态多参数在线能源计量技术对企业范围内各用能部门的实时能耗数据进行了准确、稳定、实时的采集和存储,形成了巨量的能源数据库。依据物质平衡和能量守恒原理,运用能耗基准因数法和e-p分析方法,建立了企业生产和能量转换过程的数学模型;评估和计算了设备和工序能耗、产品能值和单位能耗;建立了单位综合能耗模型。该模型成功地应用到北京某啤酒集团的能源计量系统中,通过设备和工序能耗的分析对比,指导工艺优化和节能空间的评估,对工艺和设备能耗进行合理预测。     

国外冷库制冷系统节能设计的若干技术剖析

在冷库设计中,寿命周期成本分析法将能源效率合并在设计优化的评估过程。可避免仅根据初投资来设计,达到项目全寿命周期成本的最优。设计中应关注制冷系统的全年效率,我国可以从掌握系统部分负荷规律,设备选型合理配置和调节方面采取措施,提高系统的全年运行效率。冷风机阁楼式和壁龛式安装形式值得借鉴,空气除霜技术具有明显节能效果,可在全年环境温度高于0℃地区推广采用。     

Characteristics of energy storage and dissipation in TiNi shape memory alloy

The characteristics of energy storage and dissipation in TiNi shape memory alloys were investigated experimentally based on the superelastic properties under various thermomechanical loading conditions. The influence of strain rate, cyclic loading and temperature-controlled condition on the characteristics of energy storage and dissipation of the material was investigated. Temperature on the surface of the material was observed and the influence of variation in temperature on the characteristics was clarified. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) In the case of low strain rate, the stress plateaus appear on the stress-strain curves due to the martensitic transformation and the reverse transformation during loading and unloading. In the case of high strain rate, the slopes of the stress–strain curves are steep in the phase-transformation regions during loading and unloading. The recoverable strain energy per unit volume increases in proportion to temperature, but the dissipated work per unit volume depends slightly on temperature. In the case of low strain rate, the recoverable strain energy and dissipated work do not depend on both strain rate and the temperature-controlled condition. (2) In the case of high strain rate, while the recoverable strain energy density decreases and dissipated work density increases in proportion to strain rate under the temperature-controlled condition, the recoverable strain energy density increases and dissipated work density decreases under the temperature-uncontrolled condition. In the case of the temperature-uncontrolled condition, temperature varies significantly due to the martensitic transformation and therefore the characteristics of energy storage and dissipation differ from these under the temperature-controlled condition. (3) In the case of cyclic loading, both the recoverable strain energy and dissipated work decrease in the early 20 cycles, but change slightly thereafter. (4) The influence of strain rate, cyclic loading and the environment on the characteristics of energy storage and dissipation is important to be considered in the design of shape memory alloy elements.     

The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic appraisal

Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is at pilot scale. Air cooling and liquefaction stores energy; reheating revaporises the air at pressure, powering a turbine or engine (Ameel et al., 2013). Liquefaction requires water & CO₂ removal, preventing ice fouling. This paper proposes subsequent geological storage of this CO₂– offering a novel Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) by-product, for the energy storage industry. It additionally assesses the scale constraint and economic opportunity offered by implementing this CDR approach. Similarly, established Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) uses air compression and subsequent expansion. CAES could also add CO₂ scrubbing and subsequent storage, at extra cost. CAES stores fewer joules per kilogram of air than LAES – potentially scrubbing more CO₂ per joule stored. Operational LAES/CAES technologies cannot offer full-scale CDR this century (Stocker et al., 2014), yet they could offer around 4% of projected CO₂ disposals for LAES and<25% for current-technology CAES. LAES CDR could reach trillion-dollar scale this century (20 billion USD/year, to first order). A larger, less certain commercial CDR opportunity exists for modified conventional CAES, due to additional equipment requirements. CDR may be commercially critical for LAES/CAES usage growth, and the necessary infrastructure may influence plant scaling and placement. A suggested design for low-pressure CAES theoretically offers global-scale CDR potential within a century (ignoring siting constraints) – but this must be costed against competing CDR and energy storage technologies.     

论高级商业建筑暖通空调优化设计方法

本文阐述了现代商业建筑的设计原则、参数及冷热负荷取值、空调方式及冷热源设备的选择与布置、水系统的设置、节能保温、空调防火与排烟安全设计等实用技术问题。并着重指出按商业建筑使用功能、地区及要求等因素选择冷热负荷指标与各项设计参数，是做好工程设计的重要途径。     

家(商)用空调器使用中的问题及采取措施

家(商)用空调器在使用、维修中发现的问题，诸女d节能、压缩机、噪声、回油和泄漏等问题，并提出改进的建议和方法。     

浅谈BOPP生产线冷却设备的节能改造

BOPP设备自引进到现在,生产能力早就超过饱和状态,市场竞争激烈。一些引进年代相对较早的生产线,由于装置在设计上的不完善性,能耗大,增加了生产成本,给企业的发展带来了一定的负面影响,所以进行节能改造,势在必行。本文主要探讨BOPP生产线冷却设备的节能改造。     

某大型商业建筑通风空调设计

介绍了某大型商业建筑冷热源配置方案、空调系统形式、空调自控和能源的有效利用策略。提出了突破现行防火规范的排烟措施;从空调通风设备的耗电量、各种井道和空调通风口与建筑外立面设计配合等方面讨论了该项目的设计难点之一—预留设计;针对业态繁复、不确定以及频繁变动的特点给出了应对措施,最后指出了该项目的不足之处和设计方法的改进意见。     

敞开式食品冷藏陈列柜耦合节能的试验研究

本文对环境温湿度对陈列柜及空调系统的影响进行了试验研究。从耦合节能的角度考虑,结合环境温湿度对陈列食品温度的影响,试验分析环境因素对陈列柜及空调系统能耗的影响情况。试验表明,当系统在环境温度23℃,相对湿度55%工况附近运行时,陈列柜及空调系统总能耗较小,陈列柜及空调系统可以达到较好的耦合节能效果。     

The effect of processing conditions on the energy absorption capability of composite tubes

Structures capable of absorbing large amounts of energy are of great interest, particularly in the automotive and aviation industries, in an effort to reduce the impact on passengers in the case of a collision. The energy absorption properties of composite materials can be tailored, thus making them an appealing option as a substitute of more traditional materials in applications where energy absorption is crucial. In this research, the effect of the processing conditions (with or without vacuum) on the specific energy absorption capacity of composite tubes was investigated. Tubes of circular and square cross sections were fabricated using orthophthalic polyester resin and plain weave E-glass fabric with fibers oriented at 0°/90°, with respect to the tube axis. Test specimens consisting of tube segments were prepared and tested under quasi-static compression load. Test results indicate that, among the conditions considered, tubes of circular cross section fabricated under applied vacuum display the highest level of specific energy absorbed. Ultimately, this investigation demonstrates the potential for tailoring the energy absorption properties of composite materials through controlled processing conditions.