Robust stabilizing regions of fractional-order PI<Superscript>λ</Superscript> controllers for fractional-order systems with time-delays

This study focuses on a graphical approach to determine the stabilizing regions of fractional-order PI^λ(proportional integration) controllers for fractional-order systems with time-delays. By D-decomposition technique, the existence conditions and calculating methods of the real root boundary (RRB) curves, complex root boundary (CRB) curves and infinite root boundary (IRB) lines are investigated for a given stability degree. The stabilizing regions in terms of the RRB curves, CRB curves and IRB lines are identified by the proposed criteria in this paper. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to verify the effectiveness of this graphical approach for different stability degrees.     

The completeness and applications of the formal system ℒ<Superscript>*</Superscript>

Since the formal deductive system ℒ^* was built up in 1997, in has played important roles in the theoretical and applied research of fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning. But, up to now, the completeness problem of the system ℒ^* is still an open problem. In this paper, the properties and structure ofR ₀ algebras are further studied, and it is shown that every tautology on theR ₀ interval [0,1] is also a tautology on anyR ₀ algebra. Furthermore, based on the particular structure of ℒ^*-Lindenbaum algebra, the completeness and strong completeness of the system ℒ^* are proved. Some applications of the system ℒ^* in fuzzy reasoning are also discussed, and the obtained results and examples show that the system ℒ^* is suprior to some other important fuzzy logic systems.     

Numerical Blow-up of Semilinear Parabolic PDEs on Unbounded Domains in ℝ<Superscript>2</Superscript>

We study the numerical solution of semilinear parabolic PDEs on unbounded spatial domains Ω in ℝ² whose solutions blow up in finite time. Of particular interest are the cases where Ω=ℝ² or Ω is a sectorial domain in ℝ². We derive the nonlinear absorbing boundary conditions for corresponding, suitably chosen computational domains and then employ a simple adaptive time-stepping scheme to compute the solution of the resulting system of semilinear ODEs. The theoretical results are illustrated by a broad range of numerical examples.     

(Φ,Φ<Superscript>*</Superscript>) Image Decomposition Models and Minimization Algorithms

We propose in this paper minimization algorithms for image restoration using dual functionals and dual norms. In order to extract a clean image u from a degraded version f=Ku+n (where f is the observation, K is a blurring operator and n represents additive noise), we impose a standard regularization penalty Φ(u)=∫ φ(|Du|)dx<∞ on u, where φ is positive, increasing and has at most linear growth at infinity. However, on the residual f−Ku we impose a dual penalty Φ^*(f−Ku)<∞, instead of the more standard fidelity term. In particular, when φ is convex, homogeneous of degree one, and with linear growth (for instance the total variation of u), we recover the (BV,BV ^*) decomposition of the data f, as suggested by Y. Meyer (Oscillating Patterns in Image Processing and Nonlinear Evolution Equations, University Lecture Series, vol. 22, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 2001). Practical minimization methods are presented, together with theoretical, experimental results and comparisons to illustrate the validity of the proposed models. Moreover, we also show that by a slight modification of the associated Euler-Lagrange equations, we obtain well-behaved approximations and improved results.

The Visible Human<Superscript>®</Superscript> at the University of Colorado 15 years later

The Visible Human has come through ages, providing a foundation of photorealistic anatomy for learner-centered, interactive education. Pathways for improvement of the Visible Human process for reverse engineering the macrostructure of the human body have been developed to provide higher resolution and decreased production time for segmentation and modeling human form. The assignment of physical properties, the development of algorithms for the interaction of surgical tools with this virtual anatomy and the availability of high-fidelity haptic interfaces provide the basis for fully immersive surgical training and certification in an environment that is zero direct-risk to patients. Interactive journal publishing, 3D stereoscopic anatomical visualization software and surgical simulators, all based on the Visible Human, the history of the Project and its utilization and provide a framework for its evolution and role in delivering education, training, certification and credentialing through virtual reality to the health care workforce of tomorrow.

Theory and Software Implementations of Shor’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">r</Emphasis>-Algorithms<Superscript>*</Superscript>

Three computational forms of r-algorithms with different amount of computation per iteration are considered. The results on the convergence of the limit variant of r-algorithms for convex smooth functions and the r _μ (α)-algorithm for convex piecewise smooth functions are presented. Practical aspects of the variant of r (α)-algorithms with a constant coefficient of space dilation α and an adaptive method for step adjustment in the direction of the normalized anti-subgradient in the transformed space of variables are discussed.     

From Neweul to Neweul-M<Superscript>2</Superscript>: symbolical equations of motion for multibody system analysis and synthesis

The state-of-the-art for deriving symbolical equations of motion for multibody systems is reviewed. The fundamentals of formalisms based on Newton–Euler equations are presented and the recent development of a research software called Neweul-M² is highlighted. The modeling approach with commands and a graphical user interface are discussed as well as system analysis options, control design by export to Matlab/Simulink, and parameter optimization for system synthesis. The alternatives within the program using symbolic and numeric approaches are emphasized. A double pendulum is used to explain the program features and a vehicle benchmark model is presented as an example. Advanced applications include closed kinematic loops and flexible bodies.     

Electrical energy quality: Modeling and H<Superscript>∞</Superscript> control of a three-phase shunt active filter

The main contribution of the paper is the modeling approach used to describe a pure threephase shunt active filter, and the application of the H^∞ control design tool in order to improve the quality of electrical energy. Advanced power electronics devices have widely contributed to the degradation of power quality due to the injection of non-sinusoïdal currents into the utility system. Therefore, it is essential to use an active compensator which can attenuate current harmonics to an acceptable level on the line side of the power source. In this work, a three-phase active filter connected in parallel to a supply system feeding a non-linear load is described, in a complex framework, by a linear multivariable state space representation in order to guarantee that the system is mathematically decoupled and therefore to simplify the controller design. This representation includes a sensor to measure perturbations, and allows one to calculate a linear robust control law. The originality of this paper is that a Linear Matrix Inequality based H^∞ synthesis is performed to design a static state feedback controller with complex-valued parameters. The robustness of this controller with respect to network impedance uncertainties is investigated. Moreover, simulation and experimental results are given to reveal the effectiveness of the synthesized control law.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-Homotopic Thinning and a Torus-Like Digital Image in <Emphasis Type="Bold">Z</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>

In order to discuss digital topological properties of a digital image (X,k), many recent papers have used the digital fundamental group and several digital topological invariants such as the k-linking number, the k-topological number, and so forth. Owing to some difficulties of an establishment of the multiplicative property of the digital fundamental group, a k-homotopic thinning method can be essentially used in calculating the digital fundamental group of a digital product with k-adjacency. More precisely, let be a simple closed k _i -curve with l _i elements in . For some k-adjacency of the digital product which is a torus-like set, proceeding with the k-homotopic thinning of , we obtain its k-homotopic thinning set denoted by DT _k . Writing an algorithm for calculating the digital fundamental group of , we investigate the k-fundamental group of by the use of various properties of a digital covering (Z×Z,p ₁×p ₂,DT _k ), a strong k-deformation retract, and algebraic topological tools. Finally, we find the pseudo-multiplicative property (contrary to the multiplicative property) of the digital fundamental group. This property can be used in classifying digital images from the view points of both digital k-homotopy theory and mathematical morphology.

Activities of daily living assessment in spinal cord injury using the virtual reality system Toyra<Superscript>®</Superscript>: functional and kinematic correlations

The main objective of this study was to analyze the correlations between functional scales and kinematic data collected during the execution of upper limb (UL) basic activities of daily living in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment. Fifteen people with tetraplegia participated in the study. Moreover, we also want to confirm if changes in UL functional performance detected by functional scales are also detected by the VR system Toyra^®. Patients were assessed before and after 4 weeks of daily conventional rehabilitation treatment complemented with a training with the VR system. Significant positive correlations between kinematic and functional parameters were found in the post assessment, verifying that changes in UL functional performance detected by functional scales are also measured by the VR system Toyra^®, concretely the related to shoulder movements. Additionally, a predefined Agility metric has been applied, showing inversely proportional results to the level of injury, as we expected. The self-care category of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) and the ranges of motion (ROM) captured with the VR system were analyzed, showing statistical significance changes between pre-post evaluations, supporting the hypothesis that kinematic analysis complements clinical and functional assessments of patients with tetraplegia.     

All-Pairs Shortest Paths with Real Weights in <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis><Superscript>3</Superscript>/log <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>) Time

We describe an O(n ³/log n)-time algorithm for the all-pairs-shortest-paths problem for a real-weighted directed graph with n vertices. This slightly improves a series of previous, slightly subcubic algorithms by Fredman (SIAM J. Comput. 5:49–60, 1976), Takaoka (Inform. Process. Lett. 43:195–199, 1992), Dobosiewicz (Int. J. Comput. Math. 32:49–60, 1990), Han (Inform. Process. Lett. 91:245–250, 2004), Takaoka (Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Comput. Comb., Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., vol. 3106, pp. 278–289, Springer, 2004), and Zwick (Proc. 15th Int. Sympos. Algorithms and Computation, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., vol. 3341, pp. 921–932, Springer, 2004). The new algorithm is surprisingly simple and different from previous ones. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in Proc. 9th Workshop Algorithms Data Struct. (WADS), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., vol. 3608, pp. 318–324, Springer, 2005.     

Small deviations for two classes of Gaussian stationary processes and <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Superscript>-functionals, 0 < <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis> ≤ ∞

Let w(t) be a standard Wiener process, w(0) = 0, and let η _a (t) = w(t + a) − w(t), t ≥ 0, be increments of the Wiener process, a > 0. Let Z _a (t), t ∈ [0, 2a], be a zeromean Gaussian stationary a.s. continuous process with a covariance function of the form E Z _a (t)Z _a (s) = 1/2[a − |t − s|], t, s ∈ [0, 2a]. For 0 < p < ∞, we prove results on sharp asymptotics as ɛ → 0 of the probabilities

Dynamic Merge of the Global and Local Models for Sustainable Land Use Planning with Regard for Global Projections from GLOBIOM and Local Technical–Economic Feasibility and Resource Constraints<Superscript>*</Superscript>

In order to conduct research at required spatial resolution, we propose a model fusion involving interlinked calculations of regional projections by the global dynamic model GLOBIOM (Global Biosphere Management Model) and robust dynamic downscaling model, based on cross-entropy principle, for deriving spatially resolved projections. The proposed procedure allows incorporating data from satellite images, statistics, expert opinions, as well as data from global land use models. In numerous case studies in China and Ukraine, the approach allowed to estimate local land use and land use change projections corresponding to real trends and expectations. The disaggregated data and projections were used in national models for planning sustainable land use and agricultural development.     

31H129;F085;17;53;F;

085_17;H129_53;王伟丽;118-121用五步法考察教学活动I an Lee;王艳莉;英孚教育外籍语言教学专家Ian Lee对教学活动涉及的九个因素采用五步法来进行考察,以此来检核教学活动的合理性和有效性。这为我们的评课带来了另一个     

价&#183;格&#183;传&#183;真

“金九银十”过去了,电脑城的人气也有所回落,即使在周末,成交量也大幅下降。不过人气再差,生意还是要继续做的。在这两个月中,各类产品的价格均有下调,以维系市场人气。数码相机市场,近期佳能EOS 5D MarkⅡ终于推出了,市场热点从入门级单反数码相机转到了全画幅单反数码相机上。     

新&#183;老&#183;大

ATi公司的创始人兼主席何国源先生曾在2004年初用“新&#183;老&#183;大”来为企业定位。这个全球著名的图形芯片公司近年来的优异表现相信很多读者都有目共睹。在2004年，作为一个IT业和传媒业的从业者，《大众硬件》的每一个编辑都见证了无数“新”、“老”、“大”的诞生。     

深化&#183;团队&#183;创新

创新 2006年出台的《纺织工业“十一五”发展纲要》是一个重要文件，明确将“坚持自主创新，实现产业可持续发展”作为“十一五”期间的主要任务，提出要大力推进自主创新，包括四个方面：产品设计能力创新、产技术和装备创新、企业管理能力创新和产业链整合能力创新。     

加法&#183;乘法&#183;百分数

技术、管理和审计在信息安全建设中同等重要，而在数学逻辑上，技术可视为加法，管理可视为乘法，审计可视为乘百分数。对三者的配置与应用具体情况具体分析，才能达到最优化效果。