使用有效模态质量和遗传算法的有限元模型修正

提出将模态频率和有效模态质量构造的残差作为遗传算法的目标函数进行结构动力学有限元模型修正的方法。有效模态质量不但可以为结构动力学响应分析提供一种判断模态贡献程度的方法,而且能够为有限元模型修正提供更多的信息量。介绍了有效模态质量的概念和基于遗传算法的结构动力学模型修正理论,在此基础上采用仿真算例验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性。仿真结果显示,模型修正后参数最大误差为-0.062%,不管是在修正频段内还是修正频段外,频率和有效模态质量的均方误差都小于0.025%。研究表明,使用有效模态质量和遗传算法的结构动力学有限元模型修正是有效可行的。     

基于灵敏度分析的刀形天线有限元模型修正

准确可靠的有限元模型是结构动态特性分析、设计改进的基础,文中利用模态试验得到的模态参数对某刀形天线进行有限元模型修正.首先建立天线结构的参数化模型,然后通过灵敏度分析选择合适的设计参数作为后续优化对象,利用计算与试验的模态频率之间的相对误差构造加权的优化目标函数,最后应用1阶优化方法修正结构的有限元模型.修正后有限元模型的模态频率最大相对误差降低至10%以内,模态置信度(MAC)均大于0.8.该修正模型可用于后续的动力学分析.     

基于运行模态分析的单梁起重机模型修正研究

为了进行模型的故障监测和诊断,需要一个更准确的单梁起重机模型来定位和量化故障。因此,有必要对已建立的有限元模型进行修正。在对传感器布置和激振位置进行分析的基础上,通过运行模态分析获得了单梁起重机的模态参数。在Ansys Workbench建立初始有限元模型后,基于灵敏度分析确定待修正参数,对待修正参数进行试验设计,建立二次多项式响应面。在响应面评价合格后,根据实际模态参数利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对目标函数进行全局寻优,获得更加精确的初始条件。最后利用锤击法试验模态分析与修正后模型的谐响应分析对比,验证已修正模型的精度。     

基于响应面方法的多喷嘴引射器有限元模型修正

针对某多喷嘴引射器在脉动载荷作用下的动力学响应预测问题,对其有限元模型进行了修正,减少了材料属性、边界条件等对计算结果的影响。首先开展了引射器有限元模态分析,获得了初始模态分析频率;采用了多点激励多点响应锤击法进行了模态试验,获取了试验模态频率;基于有限元模型进行了误差分析,确定了材料密度、弹性模量、质量点质量等修正参数,通过中心复合设计方法确定了样本空间,构建了多目标响应面并对待修正参数进行了约束优化,得到了修正参数的最优解;最后,使用修正后的参数进行了有限元分析,获得了修正后的模态分析频率,并通过动力响应计算进行了模型确认。研究结果表明:修正后模态分析频率与模态试验频率(前三阶)误差均值由修正前的8.01%减小到2.81%,该修正方法能够显著提高有限元模态分析精度。     

信息融合与响应面联合的渡槽结构模型修正

针对大型渡槽损伤诊断研究中有限元模型精度问题,提出一种基于信息融合与响应面法(response surface method,简称RSM)的有限元模型修正方法,能够兼顾优化目标和参数优化两个环节。以某灌区渡槽为研究对象,建立初始有限元模型,采用试验设计方法构建待修正参数与特征频率的设计空间,经过参数筛选后建立设计样本的响应面模型;引入自适应噪声的完整集成经验模态分解和奇异值分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-singular value decompose,简称CEEMDAN-SVD)降噪方法联合方差贡献率数据级融合算法,对正常运行工况下覆盖三跨槽身振测信号进行多通道融合处理以获取完整有效的实测频率,并以此为目标值对响应面模型进行最优化求解,实现多跨渡槽有限元模型的参数优化。结果表明,修正后的有限元模型计算出的频率与实测频率吻合较好,最大误差为-4.38%,有效解决了大型渡槽结构有限元模型的精度问题,为后续结构损伤诊断等仿真研究提供基准模型。     

基于Kriging模型和小波包能量谱的随机模型修正

针对随机模型修正精度和效率低的问题,提出一种基于Kriging模型和小波包能量谱的随机有限元模型修正方法。首先,假设模型待修正参数和响应特征均服从正态分布,将不确定性的模型修正转化为均值和标准差的修正;其次,将待修正参数作为Kriging模型输入,加速度频响函数经过小波包分解后提取的结点能量作为输出,引入政治优化算法优化相关系数以构造Kriging模型;然后,将最小化试验响应与预测响应之差的绝对值作为修正均值的目标函数,最小化交叉熵作为修正标准差的目标函数,通过政治优化算法先后修正参数均值和标准差;最后,以空间桁架结构为例,选取弹性模量和密度为待修正参数验证该方法的可行性。结果表明,所提方法能够有效地修正结构参数均值和标准差,修正后的参数均值、标准差的误差分别低于0.1%、3.5%。     

循环对称结构重根模态振型相关性修正

为消除循环对称结构有限元模态分析和试验模态分析对应重根模态振型之间的夹角误差,实现模态相关性的准确定量分析,基于模态振型方程,揭示不同模态模型重根模态振型夹角误差产生机理,提出修正循环对称结构模态振型相关性的新方法。计算各阶重根模态有限元模态振型与试验模态振型间互模态置信准则(Cross modal assurance criterion, Cross MAC)初值得到夹角误差;在此基础上确定出对应的旋转角度和测点数;对有限元模态振型进行旋转匹配并计算得到修正后的Cross MAC值。应用该方法对制动盘有限元模态模型和试验模态模型进行相关性修正,结果表明：该方法不仅能获得准确的循环对称结构模态相关性,且相比于已有的循回群和初等旋转变换方法而言,修正效率得到显著提高。     

基于高速列车转向架系统的数值模型修正

在结构动力学分析中,复杂机械结构动态特性的数值仿真具有重要的意义。研究了基于组合部件分析的高速列车转向架系统的数值模型修正,基于模型相关性分析和灵敏度分析的组件数值模型修正,验证了模型各个部件模型的可靠性和动力学响应的精确性。在有限元模型预修正的基础上,选择合适的待修正参数,进行后续的参数型有限元模型修正。     

机夹式球头铣刀有限元及试验模态分析

针对加工过程中机夹式球头铣刀振动控制和铣削稳定性优化等问题,基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了机夹式球头铣刀的有限元模型,对其模态特性进行有限元分析,给出了前6阶固有频率和振型;同时采用锤击激振法对球头铣刀进行了模态试验,应用模态参数识别的新技术PolyMAX方法对试验结果进行了处理,获得了模态参数识别稳态图,拾取了可能的模态频率,并将所得试验结果与有限元模态分析结果作了比较,计算了仿真值与试验值之间的误差,分析了出现误差的主要原因。研究结果表明,有限元模态分析结果与模态试验结果相吻合,模态频率误差在13%以内,较好地反映了结构的物理特性,同时验证了有限元模型的合理性,分析结果为球头铣刀振动控制和铣削稳定性研究提供了依据。     

行波管模态分析与有限元模型修正

行波管的工作环境恶劣,其结构的振动特性对寿命及可靠性有着重要影响。应用有限元分析软件对行波管进行模态分析,并通过模态试验实测了行波管的模态参数,得到行波管前四阶固有频率和振型。对比分析仿真和试验结果,仿真计算的模态频率偏高。应用Kriging模型构建固有频率与材料参数的关系,将试验结果作为目标进行材料参数修正。修正后的仿真模型的计算精度有了大幅度提高,行波管结构的固有振动特性得到更加真实地反映,为进一步研究其动力学特性提供了更加准确的模型基础。     

步兵战车车体结构有限元模型修正

针对某型步兵战车整车刚柔耦合发射动力学中柔性车体有限元模型精度低的问题,基于模态试验数据,应用支持向量机响应面模型修正理论对车体结构有限元模型进行了修正。应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对车体结构进行模态分析,提取前6阶模态的固有频率和振型。为验证模型,设计了模态试验方案,实测了车体结构的模态信息。基于有限元模型数据与实测数据的相对误差,采用支持向量机响应面模型修正方法对车体结构弹性模量和密度进行修正。模型确认结果和动力学模型应用结果表明,修正后的车体有限元模型精度有了大幅度提高,能更加真实地反映车体的结构特征,为射击精度分析提供了准确的模型基础。     

DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT MODEL UPDATING BASED ON GLOBAL INFORMATION OF STRUCTURES

Finite element model updating method based on global information is proposed. Prior investigation upon design space of structural parameters is performed before updating using statistic analysis, including parameter screening using variance analysis and response surface fitting using regression analysis. The parameter screening method selects the design parameters considering the result of hypothesis testing, which is a kind of global information. Meanwhile, the traditional updating method considers local sensitivity which only gives the information at sole point in the design space. Response surface fitting constructs a close-form multinomial which describes the relationship between concerned structural feature and selected updating parameters. It is an approximation to finite element models(FEM) and used as a substitution in the updating iterations. The presented updating method can be applied without the restriction of linear assumption. In addition, there is no data exchange between the updating prog     

Perturbation methods for the estimation of parameter variability in stochastic model updating

The problem of model updating in the presence of test-structure variability is addressed. Model updating equations are developed using the sensitivity method and presented in a stochastic form with terms that each consist of a deterministic part and a random variable. Two perturbation methods are then developed for the estimation of the first and second statistical moments of randomised updating parameters from measured variability in modal responses (e.g. natural frequencies and mode shapes). A particular aspect of the stochastic model updating problem is the requirement for large amounts of computing time, which may be reduced by making various assumptions and simplifications. It is shown that when the correlation between the updating parameters and the measurements is omitted, then the requirement to calculate the second-order sensitivities is no longer necessary, yet there is no significant deterioration in the estimated parameter distributions. Numerical simulations and a physical experiment are used to illustrate the stochastic model updating procedure.     

The role of anti-resonance frequencies from operational modal analysis in finite element model updating

Finite element model updating traditionally makes use of both resonance and modeshape information. The mode shape information can also be obtained from anti-resonance frequencies, as has been suggested by a number of researchers in recent years. Anti-resonance frequencies have the advantage over mode shapes that they can be much more accurately identified from measured frequency response functions. Moreover, anti-resonance frequencies can, in principle, be estimated from output-only measurements on operating machinery. The motivation behind this paper is to explore whether the availability of anti-resonances from such output-only techniques would add genuinely new information to the model updating process, which is not already available from using only resonance frequencies.This investigation employs two-degree-of-freedom models of a rigid beam supported on two springs. It includes an assessment of the contribution made to the overall anti-resonance sensitivity by the mode shape components, and also considers model updating through Monte Carlo simulations, experimental verification of the simulation results, and application to a practical mechanical system, in this case a petrol generator set.Analytical expressions are derived for the sensitivity of anti-resonance frequencies to updating parameters such as the ratio of spring stiffnesses, the position of the centre of gravity, and the beam's radius of gyration. These anti-resonance sensitivities are written in terms of natural frequency and mode shape sensitivities so their relative contributions can be assessed. It is found that the contribution made by the mode shape sensitivity varies considerably depending on the value of the parameters, contributing no new information for significant combinations of parameter values.The Monte Carlo simulations compare the performance of the update achieved when using information from: the resonances only; the resonances and either anti-resonance; and the resonances and both anti-resonances. It is found that the addition of anti-resonance information improves the updating performance for some combinations of parameter values, but does not improve the update in significant other regions.The simulated results are verified using resonance and anti-resonance frequencies measured on a steel beam test rig. The investigation is extended to include the updating of parameters of a petrol generator set. It is found that the contribution of the anti-resonances to the model update is heavily dependent on the geometry of the model and the choice of variables to be updated, suggesting that, for some models, the pursuit of anti-resonance information through expensive operational modal analysis may be inappropriate.     

应用模型修正方法的印制电路板参数识别

基于模态试验数据和模型修正方法,研究了印制电路板物理参数识别方法.印制电路板的动态特性对电子设备可靠性有重要影响,即使铺层相同的印制电路板因电路分布不同,其弹性模量、泊松比差异也较大.因此,为了获得更加精确的有限元模型,需识别印制电路板的主要物理参数.以航天使用的某种印制电路板为例,分别采用基于灵敏度分析和基于响应面方法的模型修正方法对印制电路板的物理参数进行识别.两种方法识别的弹性模量、泊松比基本一致,计算和试验的振型相关系数接近1,且修正后有限元模型计算应变值与试验应变值在载荷较小时基本一致,表明识别结果比较准确.结果表明,基于模态试验数据和模型修正相结合的参数识别方法合理有效,可用于工程中印制电路板物理参数识别.     

Unsupervised identification of arbitrarily-damped structures using time-scale independent component analysis: Part I

In this study, a new method is proposed to identify the dynamic parameters of structures with higher accuracy compared to current methods. First, the wavelet-transformed representation of system responses is extracted from measured responses, and then the independent component analysis is used to achieve the modal characteristics. The simulation results of a multi-degree-of-freedom system illustrate that this method is capable of accurately identifying the modal information of lightly- and highly-damped structures. It is represented that continuous wavelet transform, due to its adaptive time-frequency resolution, is more efficient to be incorporated into independent component analysis compared to Short time Fourier transform (STFT). The latter is unable to accurately determine the modal response, especially at higher frequencies, while the proposed method can identify the system with marked accuracy. The efficiency of proposed method is also investigated under additive noise. Results shown that for highly- and lightly- damped system, the proposed method is able to capture the modal parameters especially in higher frequencies of vibration, along with the modal assurance criterion values with satisfactory accuracy, which indicates the robustness of the procedure compared to other available methodologies.