双支链六自由度并联机构尺度设计与性能分析

提出了一种新型六自由度并联机构,该机构由两条运动支链组成,每条支链各包含一个主动球副。与常规六自由度并联机构相比,支链数目的减少可有效增大机构工作空间。基于封闭矢量法求得所提机构的运动学位置逆解,在此基础上分析了机构输入与输出的速度映射关系,建立了机构雅可比矩阵。以工作空间和全域灵巧度为性能评价指标,借助性能图谱法完成了机构尺度设计,基于该尺度参数,对特定工作姿态下的工作空间、灵巧度、承载性能及刚度性能进行了全面研究。最后,搭建了3D打印样机,并对其典型应用场景进行了分析。     

一种可用于微创手术的并联机构运动学分析与性能优化

与串联机构相比,并联机构具有刚度好,精度高,响应快等优点,适合用于医疗领域。微创穿刺活检等手术要求机器人机构能够输出远中心运动。提出了一种用于微创手术的新型远中心并联机构,其分支内部包含平行四边形闭环子链。采用螺旋理论对机构自由度进行了分析,证明其能输出两个转动运动和一个移动运动,且所有运动均通过远端固定中心。对机构进行位置分析,建立了驱动参数与末端参数之间的映射。通过速度分析建立了雅可比矩阵,并分析得到了机构的奇异位形,包括逆解奇异、正解奇异和混合奇异。应用搜索法分析了机构的工作空间。采用运动/力传递指标对机构进行了性能分析,绘制工作空间内的性能图谱。以优质空间大小为目标对机构进行了尺度优化。     

用遗传算法解具有给定工作空间的并联机构综合问题

提出一种利用遗传算法求解6自由度空间并联机器人机构综合问题的新方法。该机构的工作空间必须包含预先给定的且具有一定姿态能力的工作空间。为了描述具有一定姿态能力的工作空间，给出了一种简单有效和搜索算法。该法考虑了连杆长度限制、铰链转角限制和连杆干涉。算例表明结构参数可得到有效地优化，从而获得紧凑的机器人机构。     

Atlas Based Kinematic Optimum Design of the Stewart Parallel Manipulator

Optimum design is a key approach to make full use of potential advantages of a parallel manipulator. The optimum design of multi-parameter parallel manipulators(more than three design parameters), such as Stewart manipulator, relies on analysis based and algorithm based optimum design methods, which fall to be accurate or intuitive. To solve this problem and achieve both accurate and intuition, atlas based optimum design of a general Stewart parallel manipulator is established, with rational selection of design parameters. Based on the defined spherical usable workspace(SUW), primary kinematic performance indices of the Stewart manipulator, involving workspace and condition number are introduced and analyzed. Then, corresponding performance atlases are drawn with the established non-dimensional design space, and impact of joint distribution angles on the manipulator performance is analyzed and illustrated. At last, an example on atlas based optimum design of the Stewart manipulator is accomplished to illustrate the optimum design process, considering the end-effector posture. Deduced atlases can be flexibly applied to both quantitative and qualitative analysis to get the desired optimal design for the Stewart manipulator with respect to related performance requirements. Besides, the established optimum design method can be further applied to other multi-parameter parallel manipulators.     

2RPU/UPR+RP五自由度混联机器人静刚度分析

为快速建立基于三自由度并联机构2RPU/UPR构造出的五自由度混联机器人的解析刚度模型,首先对混联机器人的结构进行了描述;然后基于串联和并联结构独立求解思想,建立了混联机器人的位置反解模型;再对混联机器人的结构进行简化处理,分别求解并联部分与串联部分两子系统的静刚度模型,从构造系统的力旋量系和弹性变形协调条件入手,简单且快速地建立了混联机器人的整体刚度模型;最后构造混联机器人的等效三维模型,运用有限元和MATLAB软件,对典型位姿下混联机器人受外力/力矩产生的微位移进行仿真验证,并给出了整机静刚度在任务空间中随位形变化分布图。通过仿真与理论计算的对比分析,验证了该混联机器人理论刚度模型的正确性。     

一种平面冗余驱动并联机器人的优化设计

以一种平面2自由度冗余驱动并联机器人为研究对象,在已有文献对机构的空间模型、运动学方程、工作空间和运动学性能指标分析的基础上,提出了全域性能指标和局域性能指标的概念,讨论了各种局域性能指标之间的关系,并结合运动学性能指标,在各种性能指标综合最优的基础上进行了机构尺寸参数优化设计,优化出尺寸参数范围,并选取典型尺寸设计实际机器人机构;再利用实际机器人机构的各项全域性能指标值和局域性能指标在可达工作空间内的分布,首次提出了组装构型优化概念,在反解多的机器人机构设计中选择最佳反解组装构型.     

平面冗余驱动并联机器人的性能分析与尺度综合

建立了平面2自由度冗余驱动并联机器人的Hessian矩阵,将Hessian矩阵引入全域性能指标中,进行速度、加速度和灵巧度性能指标分析,给出三项指标的性能图谱,讨论结构尺寸变化对机构性能的影响。以该机器人速度、加速度和灵巧度指标为目标函数,以无奇异位形和工作空间为约束条件进行基于性能图谱的尺度综合,对不同权重优化结果的讨论为该机器人的构形设计提供了参考。     

Trajectory Tracking of a Planer Parallel Manipulator by Using Computed Force Control Method

Despite small workspace, parallel manipulators have some advantages over their serial counterparts in terms of higher speed, acceleration, rigidity, accuracy,manufacturing cost and payload. Accordingly, this type of manipulators can be used in many applications such as in high-speed machine tools, tuning machine for feeding,sensitive cutting, assembly and packaging. This paper presents a special type of planar parallel manipulator with three degrees of freedom. It is constructed as a variable geometry truss generally known planar Stewart platform.The reachable and orientation workspaces are obtained for this manipulator. The inverse kinematic analysis is solved for the trajectory tracking according to the redundancy and joint limit avoidance. Then, the dynamics model of the manipulator is established by using Virtual Work method.The simulations are performed to follow the given planar trajectories by using the dynamic equations of the variable geometry truss manipulator and computed force control method. In computed force control method, the feedback gain matrices for PD control are tuned with fixed matrices by trail end error and variable ones by means of optimization with genetic algorithm.     

平面2自由度驱动冗余并联机器人的机构设计

机器人机构参数的设计是极其复杂的难题。研究一种平面2自由度驱动冗余并联机器人的机构设计方法,首先建立了该并联机器人机构的空间模型,在此基础上探讨了该并联机器人机构的工作空间性能指标与杆件尺寸之间的关系,并绘制了相应的性能图谱,这些图谱是该并联机器人的机构设计的重要参考依据,该方法为实现并联机器人机构设计的计算机辅助设计提供了一种简单、有效途径。     

6-SPS并联机器人工作空间的边界曲面分析方法

提出了一种并联机器人工作空间分析的解析方法。该方法以曲面分析为基础 ,结合并联机器人的运动特性 ,得到了并联机器人工作空间边界曲面的方程。以 6 - SPS并联机器人为例 ,分析计算了其工作空间。在此基础上 ,描绘出了 6 - SPS并联机器人工作空间边界曲面的投影视图及截面曲线图。分析结果表明 6 - SPS并联机器人的理论工作空间是由 30张曲面片包围而成的闭包     

Transmission Index Research of Parallel Manipulators Based on Matrix Orthogonal Degree

Performance index is the standard of performance evaluation, and is the foundation of both performance analysis and optimal design for the parallel manipulator. Seeking the suitable kinematic indices is always an important and challenging issue for the parallel manipulator. So far, there are extensive studies in this field, but few existing indices can meet all the requirements, such as simple, intuitive, and universal. To solve this problem, the matrix orthogonal degree is adopted, and generalized transmission indices that can evaluate motion/force transmissibility of fully parallel manipulators are proposed. Transmission performance analysis of typical branches, end effectors, and parallel manipulators is given to illustrate proposed indices and analysis methodology. Simulation and analysis results reveal that proposed transmission indices possess significant advantages, such as normalized finite (ranging from 0 to 1), dimensionally homogeneous, frame-free, intuitive and easy to calculate. Besides, proposed indices well indicate the good transmission region and relativity to the singularity with better resolution than the traditional local conditioning index, and provide a novel tool for kinematic analysis and optimal design of fully parallel manipulators.     

显微外科手术机器人协同工作空间分析

介绍了自主研发的"妙手"主从遥操作显微外科手术机器人系统,该系统的主手为两个Phantom Desktop装置.确定合理的主手布局对于提高整个系统的易操作性有重要的作用.运用蒙特卡罗法对主手的单个和协同工作空间进行了分析.通过不同布局时主手协同工作空间的对比分析,得出如下结论:当两只主手相对布置、两主手中心点之间相距300mm时,可获得最大的形状规则的共同工作空间.研究结果不仅对改进"妙手"系统的性能有重要意义,而且对于研制开发双操作臂主手也有重要的参考价值.     

三维机器人工作空间及几何误差分析

机器人工作空间的分析和求解是机器人机构设计过程中一个非常重要的问题。本文采用基于随机概率的蒙特卡罗方法,根据关节空间到工作空间的映射关系,得到了机器人机构工作空间。因为常见的机器人属于三维空间机构,所以在以前工作的基础上,将概率方法推广到对三维机器人机构工作空间的求解上。通过深入地研究二维、三维图形的微分几何关系,在沿z方向得到每一层的边界曲线基础上,采用曲线包络的方法得到了三维工作空间曲面的形状。通过一个例子详细说明了该方法的具体使用。最后对三维工作空间进行了几何误差分析,并说明了该方法对工程实际问题的应用价值。     

3SPS+1PS髋关节并联仿生试验系统工作空间优化

为使人工髋关节试验系统具有仿生模拟人体髋关节运动特性的能力,不但要使其能模拟髋关节各种运动形式,而且其运动输出空间应完全覆盖实际人体髋关节的运动范围,这也使得对其运动空间进行深入分析成为必要。针对作为髋关节并联仿生试验系统核心运动模块的3SPS+1PS并联机构,利用四元数法建立其逆/正解运动学模型,基于动平台三点构造法构建了3SPS+1PS并联机构的量纲统一速度Jacobian矩阵,分别比较了该矩阵条件数在不同运动空间及结构参数下的取值变化情况,得到条件数平均值与机构定、动平台上球副中心连线长度比值、球副许用转角及动平台中心位置高度等参数之间关系,优化了机构结构参数,进而得到了运动性能良好的运动空间区域。髋关节并联仿生试验系统运动空间的研究对其运动路径规划、动态特性分析及控制系统设计具有重要的意义。     

基于运动学、刚度和动力学性能的并联机构有序递进三级优化设计及其应用

提出一种基于运动学、刚度和动力学性能的并联机构有序递进三级优化策略,即分别应用遗传算法（GA）、粒子群算法（PSO）、差分进化算法（DE）三种智能算法,以工作空间性能和运动/力传递性能为目标的尺度参数优化方法,又在优化尺度参数基础上,以机构承载刚度和整体刚度为目标进行构件截面参数优化,再在优化尺度参数和截面参数基础上,以动力学灵巧度和能量传递效率为目标进行构件质量参数优化,从而使得机构的尺度、截面及质量参数达到最优。以一种零耦合度三平移一转动（SCARA）并联操作手为例,运用矢量法建立了并联操作手的运动学模型,通过工作空间性能和运动/力传递性能两个运动学指标,优化其尺度参数;运用虚拟弹簧法得到该并联操作手的刚度模型,通过对三维模型的参数识别得到其柔度矩阵,并分析了承载刚度、整体刚度两个刚度性能指标,优化了构件的截面参数;利用动力学普遍方程导出了该并联操作手的动力学模型,通过动力学灵巧度和能量传递效率两个动力学性能指标,优化了构件的质量参数。最终,该并联操作手的运动学、刚度和动力学综合性能达到最优,也得到了一些尺度、截面及质量参数的设计准则。     

角度与运动约束下串联式机械臂工作空间求解与结构优化

深水作业机械臂通常采用串联式结构,机械臂每个关节的转动角度与长度会受到相应的限制,这些参数会直接影响到机械臂的运动轨迹规划和作业效率。机械臂的有效工作空间的求解是一个多目标多约束的优化问题。通过数学分析建立机械臂的运动学模型,分析影响有效工作空间的相关参数,利用图解法来分析机械臂工作空间的边界曲线,得到机械臂的有效工作空间的截面。针对机械臂有效工作空间的截面积建立数学解析模型,最后运用遗传算法求得满足约束条件下的机械臂有效工作空间最优解和能够实现高效作业的最优结构参数。仿真结果表明,该模型能够有效求解角度与运动约束下的串联式机械臂结构优化问题。     

Workspace Analysis of a Six-Degrees of Freedom, Three-Prismatic- Prismatic-Spheric-Revolute Parallel Manipulator

This paper studies the workspace of a six-degrees-of-freedom parallel manipulator of the general three-PPSR (prismatic-prismatic- spheric-revolute) type. It is known that a drawback of parallel manipulators is their limited workspace. To develop parallel mechanisms with a larger workspace is of use to potential applications. The mechanism of a three-PPSR manipulator and its variations are briefly analysed. The workspace is then investigated and the effects of joint limit and limb interference on the workspace shape and size are numerically studied. The constituent regions of the workspace corresponding to different classes of manipulator poses are discussed. It is shown that the workspace of this parallel manipulator is larger than that of a comparable Stewart platform, especially in the vertical direction.     

Singularity analysis with respect to the workspace of a double parallel manipulator

Singularity analysis is an important issue in the design of parallel manipulators, since they become uncontrollable at singular configurations due to the rank deficiency of the Jacobian. This paper analyzes the singularity of a double parallel manipulator with respect to its workspace. The workspace is decoupled into a positional workspace generated by the first parallel mechanism, and an orientational workspace by the second mechanism. The singularities occurring outside each workspace are analytically found by a Jacobian matrix derived for the velocity transformation from the end-effecfor to the linear actuators. The singularity loci are presented and their geometric properties are examined to prove that the double parallel manipulator is free from the singularity problem.     

2-UPR-SPR并联机构尺度综合

五自由度Exechon机器人被广泛应用于高端制造业,其由具有两转一移三自由度的2-UPR-SPR并联机构和RR串联机构组成(U代表虎克铰,P代表移动副,R代表转动副,S代表球副)。目前对Exechon中并联机构的尺度综合鲜见报道。运用基于螺旋理论的运动/力传递性能指标对Exechon中并联机构2-UPR-SPR进行尺度综合。建立机构运动学反解模型,并对机构进行螺旋分析,得到2-UPR-SPR并联机构的局部传递性能指标和全域性能指标,作为机构运动/力传递性能评价准则。结合空间模型法,获得2-UPR-SPR并联机构的相关指标性能图谱,且根据工程实际需要确定最优区域,在该区域内选取多组数值实例并进行最优筛选。     

Workspace quality analysis and application for a completely restrained 3-Dof planar cable-driven parallel manipulator

With the advantage of large workspace, low energy consumption and small inertia, the cable-driven parallel manipulator (CDPM) is suitable for heavy workpieces in rapid velocity and acceleration. We present a workspace analysis approach to solve force and torque equilibriums of completely restrained CDPMs. By this approach, not only the distribution but also the value of tensions driven by cables is investigated together. Two new indices, all cable tension distribution index (ACTDI) and area of the global quality workspace (AG) are proposed to evaluate the quality of the workspace. By concentrating on the workspace and its quality combined with the tension characteristics, these criteria are used to determine the optimal workspace in CDPMs. To verify the capacity of the proposed method, simulation examples are presented and the results demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness. In the end, the dimensional design for a planar CDPM is discussed with the indices of workspace quality.