聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青的制备及其流变行为

为了赋予基质沥青良好的物化性能,增强其在不同环境条件下的适应性,采用聚氨酯预聚物对基质沥青进行改性。基于选择的原材料,首先采用正交试验和直观分析法确定了聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青的最佳制备工艺参数,在此基础上,通过分析聚氨酯预聚物掺量对改性沥青3大指标、韧性、存储稳定性和粘度指标的影响,确定了聚氨酯预聚物改性剂的最佳掺量。其次,借助动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR),对比分析了聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青、SBS改性沥青、SBR改性沥青和基质沥青的流变行为。试验结果表明,聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青的最佳制备工艺参数为单位制备量400 g、剪切速率4 000 r/min、剪切温度150℃和剪切时间40 min;综合考虑改性沥青3大指标、韧性、存储稳定性、粘度指标和经济性,推荐聚氨酯预聚物改性剂最佳掺量为6%;较其它3种沥青,聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青在52～82℃温度区间内具有最优的高温性能,但其对温度的敏感性最强。同时,聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青在交变应力作用下的弹性性能略低于弹性性能最优的SBS改性沥青。此外,聚氨酯预聚物改性沥青的低温流变性能略低于低温性能最优的SBR改性沥青。     

纳米粘土/聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物复合改性沥青短期老化前后性能研究

为探究纳米粘土与聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合改性沥青的流变特性和抗老化性能,采用物理试验、动态剪切流变(DSR)、多应力蠕变回复试验(MSCR)和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR),对旋转薄膜烘箱加热老化试验(RTFOT)前后的不同纳米粘土掺量的纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青进行对比,探讨短期老化前后不同纳米粘土掺量下纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青的抗老化性能。结果表明:添加纳米粘土能明显地提高SBS改性沥青的高温、低温性能和抗老化性能;随着纳米粘土掺量的增加,纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青短期老化后的抗车辙因子、不可恢复蠕变柔量等性能指标不同程度改善;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化的纳米粘土表现出较好的化学活化效果和抗老化性能。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青结合料高低温流变特性

通过沥青3大指标实验、动态剪切流变实验(DSR)和小梁弯曲蠕变劲度实验(BBR),研究不同掺量多聚磷酸(PPA)单独改性沥青的高低温流变性能,并与基质沥青和SBS改性沥青进行对比。结果表明,随PPA掺量的增加,PPA改性沥青软化点升高,针入度降低,PPA对沥青高温性能改善较为明显;DSR实验证明,可以用1%的PPA代替4%的SBS来改善沥青的高温性能,并且PPA掺量几乎每增加0.5%,高温PG等级就提高一个等级;对于PPA单独改性沥青低温性能,在正温区内得到的趋势不能外延到负温区内,延度实验表明,在正温区内,随PPA掺量增加,PPA改性沥青低温性能负面影响增大,SBS改性沥青的低温性能优于不同掺量的PPA改性沥青;BBR实验证明了在负温区内,不同掺量的PPA改性沥青和SBS改性沥青在不同温度区间内表现出的低温抵抗变形能力不同。     

TLA掺量对湖沥青改性沥青高、低温性能的影响

为研究不同TLA掺量对湖沥青改性沥青高温、低温性能的影响,对TLA掺量为15%、25%、35%的湖沥青改性沥青分别采用动态剪切流变试验、蠕变及蠕变恢复试验来研究其高温性能;采用延度试验和BBR试验研究其低温性能。试验结果表明:老化前的湖沥青改性沥青以及RTFO老化后的湖沥青改性沥青的车辙因子G*/Sinδ值和破坏温度(fail temperature)都得到较大的提高,TLA掺量为35%比掺量为15%的湖沥青改性沥青的PG分级至少提高一个高温等级;随着TLA掺量的增加,湖沥青改性沥青的零剪切粘度逐渐变大,高温性能得到显著改善;但是湖沥青改性沥青的延度值和蠕变速率m却在减小,蠕变劲度s值在不断增大,表明TLA的加入对其低温性能是不利的。综合考虑高温、低温性能,建议TLA的合理掺量控制在25%~35%之间。     

橡胶粉/SBS与高黏剂复合改性沥青的制备及性能研究

为了给排水性沥青路面提供所需的高黏度改性沥青,并控制其制备成本,通过添加橡胶粉、SBS改性剂和高黏剂制备了高黏度复合改性沥青.根据针入度、延度、软化点、针入度指数和60℃动力黏度等指标,研究了各改性剂对复合改性沥青性能的影响,确定各自的合适掺量.采用软化点差值法评价高黏度复合改性沥青的热储存稳定性,采用动态剪切流变试验(DSR)研究高黏度复合改性沥青的高温流变性能,采用复数模量指数(GTS)法研究高黏度复合改性沥青的感温性能,借助傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对高黏度复合改性沥青的改性机理进行分析.试验结果表明:5％的SBS改性剂、13％橡胶粉和4％的高黏剂为合适的配比掺量,所制备的高黏度改性沥青具有较强的高温抗车辙能力和良好的感温性能,并满足储存稳定性要求.橡胶粉、SBS和高黏剂与基质沥青之间既存在物理共混,也有化学反应的发生.     

基于温拌沥青性能的不同温拌剂效能评价

为研究不同温拌剂对沥青性能的影响,促进温拌沥青技术的推广应用,选择Sasobit、Aspha-min、ZYF三种温拌剂和SK90#沥青、SBS改性沥青,通过针入度、软化点、延度试验、旋转黏度试验、动态剪切流变试验和弯曲梁流变试验系统地研究不同温拌剂对沥青性能的影响,并根据沥青指标的变化确定ZYF温拌剂的合理掺量。结果表明:Sasobit和Aspha-min可以改善沥青的高温性能,但对低温性能不利;ZYF温拌剂略微降低沥青的高温性能,但能显著改善其低温性能;Sasobit和ZYF温拌剂可显著降低沥青的高温粘度,Aspha-min温拌沥青的粘度略微增大;ZYF温拌剂的合理掺量为沥青用量的4%。     

多聚磷酸/SBS复合改性沥青的高温流变特性

为了研究多聚磷酸(PPA)/SBS复合改性沥青的高温流变特性,利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)对四种不同掺量的PPA/SBS复合改性沥青及SBS改性沥青进行重复蠕变恢复试验(RCRT)。结果表明:PPA/SBS复合改性沥青变形恢复能力不受加载循环次数与应力水平的影响,但受温度的影响,其在蠕变阶段主要发生黏性流动变形,且卸载后黏性变形不可恢复;PPA/SBS复合改性沥青的累积应变随温度、应力水平和荷载作用次数的增加显著增大,特别是温度和应力水平对改性沥青累积应变的影响较大;在温度和应力水平相同的条件下,复合改性沥青中PPA 1%+SBS 3%的改性沥青蠕变劲度的黏性部分G_v值最大,具有最好的高温抗变形能力。     

老化作用下SDYK型温拌胶粉改性沥青高低温性能研究

通过动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和低温弯曲蠕变试验(BBR),对短期老化前后不同SYDK掺量(0.4%,0.6%,0.8%)的温拌胶粉改性沥青高低温性能进行研究。DSR试验结果表明,短期老化前后,掺入SDYK温拌剂的胶粉改性沥青的复数剪切模量G~*增大、相位角δ减小、改进车辙因子G~*/sin~9δ增大,说明SDYK温拌剂的掺入改善了胶粉改性沥青的高温性能,SDYK温拌剂掺量为0.6%时胶粉改性沥青高温性能最好;BBR试验结果表明,掺入SDYK温拌剂的胶粉改性沥青劲度模量S值增大,蠕变速率m值减小,优化指标m/S值减小,说明SDYK温拌剂的掺入降低了胶粉改性沥青低温抗开裂性能。综合考虑高低温性能,质量分数为0.6%SDYK温拌剂掺量为最佳掺入量。     

聚合物复合改性沥青及其胶浆流变性能

采用动态剪切的流变试验、弯曲梁的流变试验和测力延度试验等流变力学实验方法,对未老化复合改性沥青及其胶浆性能开展试验研究。结果表明复合改性沥青的高温流变力学性能优于常规SBS改性沥青。兼顾高、低温性质的复合改性沥青胶浆适宜的粉胶比为1.4粉胶比上限范围为1.6。     

多聚磷酸与SBS复合改性沥青的改性机制

为研究多聚磷酸(PPA)与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合改性沥青的微观结构和改性机制,对不同掺量(质量分数)的PPA和SBS复合改性沥青样品分别进行了四组分试验、红外光谱试验、荧光显微试验和差示扫描量热试验。结果表明:随着PPA掺量的增加,沥青质含量增多,胶团之间的作用力增强,促使沥青由溶胶结构转变为溶-凝胶结构,提高沥青的黏度;在SBS改性沥青中加入PPA,可增强SBS之间的交联作用及SBS与沥青之间的接枝作用,加强SBS改性沥青的空间网状结构,促使SBS更好地相容于沥青中,改善其高温储存稳定性,并促使SBS分散为细小颗粒,增强溶胀作用,利于SBS发挥改性效果;在低SBS掺量改性沥青中加入PPA,形成的网络结构要优于高SBS掺量单独改性;加入PPA对沥青的玻璃化转变温度没有明显影响,表明PPA对SBS改性沥青的低温性能影响较小。     

Dynamic mechanical characterization of asphalt concrete mixes with modified asphalt binders

The primary objective of this work is to characterize and compare the dynamic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete mixes with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) polymer and crumb rubber modified asphalt binders with the behavior of mixes with unmodified viscosity grade asphalt binders. Asphalt binders are characterized for their physical and rheological properties. Simple performance tests like dynamic modulus, dynamic and static creep tests are carried out at varying temperatures and time. Dynamic modulus master curves constructed using numerical optimization technique is used to explain the time and temperature dependency of modified and unmodified asphalt binder mixes. Creep parameters estimated through regression analysis explained the permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixes. From the dynamic mechanical characterization studies, it is found that asphalt concrete mixes with SBS polymer modified asphalt binder showed significantly higher values of dynamic modulus and reduced rate of deformation at higher temperatures when compared to asphalt concrete mixes with crumb rubber and unmodified asphalt binders. From the concept of energy dissipation, it is found that SBS polymer modification substantially reduces the energy loss at higher temperatures. Multi-factorial analysis of variance carried out using generalized liner model showed that temperature, frequency and asphalt binder type significant influences the mechanical response of asphalt concrete mixes. The mechanical response of SBS polymer modified asphalt binders are significantly correlated with the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete mixes.     

多聚磷酸改性沥青老化前后高温流变性能

基于动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,对老化前后三种改性沥青:多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青及SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能进行分析。结果表明:在不同温度及老化作用下,与SBS改性沥青相比,PPA改性剂对沥青高温流变性能的改善更为突出,沥青中黏性成分减小,弹性成分增加。在SBS改性沥青中添加PPA可以明显增强改性沥青的弹性,降低其黏性,SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能优于SBS改性沥青。在长期老化下,PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青中由储存模量G′占主导作用转变为损失模量G″占主导作用的温度转化点都较高,温度转化点:PPASBS-PPASBS。对于SBS改性沥青,温度和频率比老化作用对复数模量G*和相位角δ的影响更大,而PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青受老化影响较大,随着老化程度的加深,可以在较宽的温度和频率范围内保持一定的弹性来抵抗变形。PPA改性沥青在老化前后,不同温度和频率下都具有较高的车辙因子G*/sinδ,且老化后G*/sinδ增加的最多,高温抗车辙能力更强,其次是SBS-PPA复合改性沥青。     

基于分数阶黏弹性模型的温拌改性沥青低温性能

基于分数阶黏弹性模型,通过低温弯曲梁流变试验（BBR）分析RH和Evotherm温拌剂对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青低温性能的影响。结果表明：利用BBR试验数据拟合出的分数阶黏弹性模型参数可较好地预估温拌改性沥青的蠕变柔量和蠕变速率; RH温拌剂可以提高SBS改性沥青的阻尼比和耗散能比,但Evotherm温拌剂在低于-18℃时不能够提高;因7种沥青按照阻尼比和耗散能比排序相同,故也可以将阻尼比作为温拌改性沥青低温性能的一种评价指标; RH可以改善沥青的蠕变柔量,提高黏性流动柔量,且掺量越高改善效果越好,但不能提高黏弹性比,故不能用黏弹性比评价温拌SBS改性沥青的低温性能,而Evotherm温拌剂的规律性不强;两种温拌剂都在低于-24℃时对SBS改性沥青的低温性能改善不佳。     

胶粉改性沥青混合料弯曲蠕变试验研究

胶粉改性沥青混合料是一种典型的粘弹性材料,具有很好的抗高温和抗低温开裂性能.由于利用了废旧橡胶轮胎对于减少黑色污染,发展循环经济和保护环境,具有重要意义.通过配合比相同的胶粉改性沥青和SBS改性沥青混合料的弯曲蠕变对比试验,研究了在-15℃、0℃、15℃、30℃和45℃下两种沥青混合料粘弹特性.得出胶粉改性沥青和SBS...     

多聚磷酸改性沥青表面形态学与流变学特性

为了研究多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青的宏观和微观性能,基于表面形态学与流变学原理,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)与动态剪切流变仪(DSR)对基质沥青、4%苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)改性沥青(SBS与基质沥青的质量比)和2%PPA改性沥青(PPA与基质沥青的质量比)进行研究。利用AFM测出三种沥青的形貌图与相位图,发现:PPA改性沥青的蜜蜂结构尺寸略大于基质沥青与SBS改性沥青,PPA改性沥青的整体图像明亮度也大于基质沥青与SBS改性沥青。通过表面承载系数(Sbi)与峰密度(Sds)分析得出,PPA改性沥青硬度较高,且表面更为均一。利用DSR对上述三种沥青进行测试,通过复数剪切模量(G*)、相位角(δ)和车辙因子(G*/sinδ)三个参数分析得出,PPA改性沥青具有更好的高温抗变形能力。     

The low temperature properties of conventional and modified asphalt binders evaluated by the failure energy and secant modulus from direct tension tests

In our previous direct tension test (DTT) studies, SBS polymer modification was found to increase the failure stress values with increasing polymer levels. The predicted critical cracking temperatures (T_critical) in Superpave MP la specification were found to be 3 to 6°C lower than the bending beam rheometer (BBR) low temperature parameter according to Superpave MP1 specification. In this study, the DTT results were analyzed and compared in terms of the DTT failure energy and secant modulus instead of failure stress or failure strain values. As expected, the DTT secant modulus was found to increase with increasing hardness of the non-modified asphalt binder materials; however, the secant modulus decreases upon Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) polymer modification. If the secant modulus were used to evaluate the stiffness of asphalt binder materials at low temperature, the SBS modified asphalt binders would not only have better low-temperature properties than predicted by the BBR low-temperature parameter in Superpave MP1 but also better than predicted by the T_critical in Superpave MP1a specification. The failure energy of SBS modified asphalt binder at T_critical was found to be invariably higher than the T_critical failure energy of non-modified asphalt binders, even though the T_critical of PMA was already 3–6°C lower than the T_critical of the non-modified asphalt binder. The elastic polymer network in the PMA probably contributes to higher DTT failure stress, failure strain and failure energy values.     

盐冻循环条件下改性沥青的微观结构及重复蠕变特性

为考察在融雪盐环境下路面材料的性能变化情况,对内蒙古寒冷地区常用的SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)进行重复蠕变试验,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行微观结构观测,比较分析盐冻循环前后两种沥青的微细观结构以及流变学性能的变化,为寒冷地区道路路面材料的选择和使用提供参考依据。AFM测试发现,SBS改性沥青出现"蜂形"结构,冻融循环后,"蜂形"结构出现不同变化;胶粉改性沥青未出现"蜂形"结构,冻融循环后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌相差不大;重复蠕变试验结果显示:冻融循环前后SBS改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青永久变形与卸载瞬时应变的比值(εP/εL)在加载初期均随着加载次数的增加而增加,一定次数后达到稳定状态;冻融循环后SBS改性沥青的εP/εL降低,胶粉改性沥青的εP/εL基本不变;利用Burgers模型拟合得到蠕变劲度的黏性成分G_v,冻融循环后SBS改性沥青G_v值小于原样SBS改性沥青,胶粉改性沥青G_v值大于原样胶粉改性沥青,且两种沥青水冻循环与盐冻循环G_v值差别不大。胶粉改性沥青具有更好的高温使用性能。     

Dynamic mechanical behavior of polymer modified bitumen

The dynamic mechanical behaviour of bitumen (BIT) modified with styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer (SBS) were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed in the temperature range –80 to 60 °C. The primary viscoelastic functions were determined at the traffic frequency, 5 Hz. The BIT+SBS blends were investigated in creep fatigue regime at temperature 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. Dynamic mechanical behaviour of BIT+SBS blends depends on their morphological characteristics, number of phases, phase compositions and phase content in blend, as well as time and temperature. The curves of primary viscoelastic functions, storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′) and loss tangent (tg δ) vs. temperature of polymer modified bitumen differ from unmodified bitumen and indicate the presence of the swollen polybutadiene and polystyrene phases in bitumen phase. The curve E′ vs. temperature of polymer modified bitumen show the rubbery plateau. With the increment of SBS content the rubbery plateau is shifted to high temperatures. At the constant load the creep values of BIT-SBS blends increase and those of creep modulus decrease over a period of time. These effect are more pronounced in samples with higer content of SBS. The time-temperature correspondence principle was applied to create master curves for the reference temperature 10 °C for the creep modulus of BIT + SBS blends. The data were analysed using WLF and Arrhenius equations. Electronic Publication     

老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

Analysis of styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer modified bitumen using fluorescent microscopy and conventional test methods

This paper presents a laboratory study of modified bitumen containing styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) samples have been produced by mixing a 50/70 penetration grade unmodified (base) bitumen with SBS Kraton D1101 copolymer at five different polymer contents. The fundamental characteristics of the SBS PMB samples have been determined using conventional methods. The morphology of the samples as well as the percent area (%) distribution of SBS polymers throughout the base bitumen have been characterized and determined by means of fluorescence microscopy and Qwin Plus image analysis program, respectively. The mechanical properties of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) containing SBS PMBs have also been analyzed and compared with HMA incorporating base bitumen. The effect of polymer addition on the short and long term aging characteristics of HMA have been evaluated by indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. The results indicated that polymer modification improved the conventional properties (penetration, softening point, etc.) and the mechanical properties (Marshall, ITS, etc.) of the base bitumen. It was also concluded that at low polymer contents, the samples revealed the existence of dispersed polymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase, whereas at high polymer contents a continuous polymer phase has been observed. Moreover, it was found out that the polymer addition minimizes the short and long term aging of HMA.