高性能计算技术的发展现状及趋势

目前,高性能计算技术主要有两个发展方向:在深度上致力于研制具有快速运算能力的高性能计算机;在广度上注重于开发具有广泛应用前景的高性能服务器。高性能计算机的发展水平已经成为衡量一个国家高新科技水平和综合实力的重要标志。高性能计算机可以对所研究的对象进行数...     

高性能计算机耗电严重 我国拟出台节能标淮

随着高性能计算机应用领域的不断扩大,能耗问题也越来越突出,已经引起各方面的重视。对于整个行业来说,大规模数据中心和计算中心中的高性能计算机已     

我国高端计算之路与“神威”的探索

21世纪初，受应用需求的驱动，国内外对高端计算的研究与开发掀起了新一轮的热潮。分析了国外高端计算的发展现状及趋势，描述我国高端计算发展的总体状况及应用开发情况，介绍神威系列高性能计算机的主要技术特点和应用成果，探讨当前高端计算技术发展所面临的问题，并提出了发展我国高端计算事业的几点建议。     

我国将制定高性能计算机石油行业应用标准

我国准备在高性能计算机应用最为广泛的石油行业率先推出高性能计算机首个行业应用标准了。7月16日在京召开的中国电子工业标准化技术协会高性能计算机标准工作委员会（以下简称高标委）第五次工作会议上,高标委与中石油东方地球物理公司（BGP）签署了合作备忘录,双方计划共同推进国内石油勘探领域高性能计算机行业应用标准化工作。     

我国高性能计算机标准锁定突破口

我国高性能计算机标准的制定前不久已悄然拉开帷幕。由于高性能计算机不仅关乎国内企业对市场的话语权与经济利益,还牵涉国防信息安全,因此,这个标准的制定显得格外引人注目。刀片式服务器是标准突破口今年8月底,高性能计算机标准筹备会上,23家国内外企业亮相,包括曙光、神州龙芯、AMD、飞思卡尔、微软中国等,希望上下游企业以联盟     

863计划让中国在高技术领域拥有发言权

<正>近年来,中国在高技术领域取得的一系列重大自主创新成果,引起了世界的关注——曙光4000A高性能计算机的研制成功,使中国成为继美国、日本之后第三个能制造和应用十万亿次级商用高性能计算机的国家；     

32块树莓派主板组建超级电脑

日前,美国的博伊西州立大学有位名叫Joshua Kiepert的强人通过32块Raspberry Pi主板去组装—部高性能计算机。     

曙光超级服务器研制成功

由国家智能计算机研究开发中心承担的国家８６３计划重大项目——曙光２０００—Ｉ超级服务器日前研制成功并通过国家鉴定。高性能计算机是一个国家综合科技实力的体现。最高档的计算机包括超级计算机和超级服务器两种主要类型，曙光２０００—Ｉ是一种符合当前计算机发展...     

聚合物共混体系的多尺度模拟研究进展

随着高性能计算机的发展,采用多尺度数值模拟的方法,研究聚合物共混体系的微观相形态和介观相界面、相分离过程等,对聚合物功能化和高性能化具有重要指导意义。首先简要介绍现阶段应用于聚合物共混体系的模拟方法,比较了各种方法的应用尺度范围和适用体系,并阐述了如何实现从分子尺度到介观尺度的贯通模拟。详细讨论了以分子动力学和耗散粒子动力学为基础的多尺度模拟方法,在二元和三元的聚合物共混体系的相容性和相形态研究中的应用。最后对多尺度模拟聚合物共混体系的研究方向提出建议。     

集群式并行高性能运算技术分析及其在数字电影拷贝制作系统中的应用

高性能计算机,尤其是集群式计算系统在近些年开始逐步被应用在并行渲染计算领域.北京电影学院数字媒体技术研究所在进行数字电影拷贝制作系统的研究时,运算并行化是其中重要的一个方面.本文对于集群运算的特点进行了简单介绍,对于数字电影拷贝中的运算特点进行了分析,阐述了对于并行数字电影拷贝制作系统实现的原理与方法,并针对所实现的系统进行了监视与分析,对今后如何更好的发展并行数字电影拷贝制作系统提出了展望.     

A distributed memory parallel implementation of the multigrid method for solving three‐dimensional implicit solid mechanics problems

We describe the parallel implementation of a multigrid method for unstructured finite element discretizations of solid mechanics problems. We focus on a distributed memory programming model and use the MPI library to perform the required interprocessor communications. We present an algebraic framework for our parallel computations, and describe an object‐based programming methodology using Fortran90. The performance of the implementation is measured by solving both fixed‐ and scaled‐size problems on three different parallel computers (an SGI Origin2000, an IBM SP2 and a Cray T3E). The code performs well in terms of speedup, parallel efficiency and scalability. However, the floating point performance is considerably below the peak values attributed to these machines. Lazy processors are documented on the Origin that produce reduced performance statistics. The solution of two problems on an SGI Origin2000, an IBM PowerPC SMP and a Linux cluster demonstrate that the algorithm performs well when applied to the unstructured meshes required for practical engineering analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脑力负荷的预测与分析方法

随着计算机在现代系统中的广泛应用，系统操作人员已正在变成脑力工作者，在系统设计中预测这些操作人员的脑力负荷，以史脑力负荷过高而影响系统的业绩具有十分重要的意义。本文首先介绍了三种不同的脑力负荷预测和分析方法。最后提出了一个脑力负荷预测的基本模型。     

An adaptive transmission mechanism for parallel applications in wireless environments

Abstract

Parallel computing is a common technique for reducing execution time in distributed systems. An application is divided into several subtasks that can be executed simultaneously on a set of computers. Numerous parallel computing protocols and experiments have been measured on wired network environments, but little attention has been devoted to wireless networks. Wireless environments own characteristics that are unusual in wired networks, such as limited bandwidth, frequent disconnection, low power, and mobility. Due to the unique characteristics, the performance of parallel computing in wireless networks is degraded. This paper implements an adaptive transmission mechanism to cope with network contention and frequent disconnection. Experimental results show that the mechanism reduced total execution time effectively.     

Large‐scale parallel finite‐element analysis using the internet: a performance study

This paper describes a parallel finite‐element system implemented using the domain decomposition method on a cluster of remote computers connected via the Internet. This technique is also readily applicable to a grid computing environment. A three‐dimensional finite‐element elastic analysis involving more than one million degrees of freedom was solved using this system, and a good approximate solution was obtained with high parallel efficiency of over 90% using remote computers located in three different countries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效并行算法的设计与实现

在三类不同体系结构并行多机系统上，通过求解大型稀疏线性代数方程组的高效并行迭代算法的设计与实现。     

Parallel tsunami simulation and visualization on tiled display wall using OpenGL Shading Language

Tsunami simulation consists of fluid dynamics, numerical computations, and visualization techniques. Nonlinear shallow water equations are often used to model the tsunami propagation. Tsunami inundation is modeled by adding the friction slope to the conservation of momentum. The two-step second-order finite difference MacCormack numerical method can solve these equations. It is well suited for nonlinear equations and simpler for related application development. In addition, the finite difference method can be computed in parallel. The programmable graphics hardware allows general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPUs) to solve the MacCormack method in parallel to speed up the simulation. Tsunami simulation data can be loaded as textures data in graphics memory, the computation processes can be written as shader programs using OpenGL Shading Language so that the operations can be computed by graphics processors in parallel. We developed different versions of the tsunami simulation and visualization programs: (i) CPU-based, and (ii) CPU–GPU collaboration to implement the MacCormack numerical method. The performance results showed that graphics hardware accelerated simulation had a significant improvement in the execution time of each computation step. Real-time simulation and visualization are made possible by the programmable shaders. Furthermore, we achieved high-performance parallel visualization on a tiled display wall with a cluster of computers.     

制冷系统性能试验微机测试系统的软件开发

介绍了用于制冷，空调设备性能测试试验装置的一套功能较强的微机测试系统软件，适用于包括制冷压缩机、溴化锂机组、空调机组在内的系列测试试验装置。文章叙述了程序的设计思想及能够完成的测试和数据处理任务，为制冷、空调设备性能测试试验装置的微机应用提供了一套有用的工具。     

Scalable concurrent computing

This paper focusses on the challenge of building and programming scalable concurrent computers. The paper describes the inadequacy of current models of computing for programming massively parallel computers and discusses three universal models of concurrent computing — developed respectively by programming, architecture and algorithm perspectives. These models provide a powerful representation for parallel computing and are shown to be quite close. Issues in building systems architectures which efficiently represent and utilize parallel hardware resources are then discussed. Finally, we argue that by using a flexible universal programming model, an environment supporting heterogeneous programming languages can be developed.     

Parallel block-preconditioned monolithic solvers for fluid-structure interaction problems

In this work, we consider the solution of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems using a monolithic approach for the coupling between fluid and solid subproblems. The coupling of both equations is realized by means of the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework and a nonlinear harmonic mesh motion model. Monolithic approaches require the solution of large ill-conditioned linear systems of algebraic equations at every Newton step. Direct solvers tend to use too much memory even for a relatively small number of degrees of freedom and, in addition, exhibit superlinear growth in arithmetic complexity. Thus, iterative solvers are the only viable option. To ensure convergence of iterative methods within a reasonable amount of iterations, good and, at the same time, cheap preconditioners have to be developed. We study physics-based block preconditioners, which are derived from the block-LDU factorization of the FSI Jacobian, and their performance on distributed memory parallel computers in terms of two- and three-dimensional test cases permitting large deformations.     

An algebraically partitioned FETI method for parallel structural analysis: algorithm description

An algebraically partitioned FETI method for the solution of structural engineering problems on parallel computers is presented. The present algorithm consists of three attributes: an explicit generation of the orthogonal null-space matrix associated with the interface nodal forces, the floating subdomain rigid-body modes computed from the subdomain static equilibrium equation of the classical force method and the identification of redundant interface force constraint operator that emanates when the interface force computations are localized. Comparisons of the present method with the previously developed differentially partitioned FETI method are offered in terms of the saddle-point formulations at the end of the paper. A companion paper reports implementation details and numerical performance of the proposed algorithm. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.