TU—7U纵场磁体的真空压力浸渍

主要通过模拟匝间流动试验、短样试验和长样试验等，探求低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中纵场磁体线圈的绝缘层真空压力浸渍的工艺参数，确定工艺流程，并以模型线圈试验的电性能和液氦温度下的力学性能来验证工艺参数及工艺流程的可靠性。     

塑料瓶的电磁成形封口研究

对塑料瓶的电磁成形封接工艺进行研究,通过对放电电压、电容、线圈位置等参数进行调节,得出了优化的封口工艺。试验结果表明：线圈位置,电压对封口效果影响较大。     

工艺参数对冷坩埚连续铸造Ti6A14V表面的影响

为消除冷坩埚连续成形钛合金铸棒表面缺陷,了解工艺参数对表面质量影响规律,并制备出无裂纹铸棒,通过正交试验和理论分析的方法,研究了不同工艺参数对表面质量的影响.研究表明:表面质量随功率和线圈匝数的增加而变坏,随抽拉速度和拉锭高度的增加先变好后变坏;各参数影响程度不同,线圈匝数影响最大,功率次之,抽拉速度再次,拉锭高度影响最小;铸造表面质量良好钛合金棒的工艺参数为:抽拉速度5 mm/min,功率50 kW,线圈3匝,拉锭高度30 mm.     

工艺参数对冷坩埚连续铸造Ti6Al4V表面的影响

为消除冷坩埚连续成形钛合金铸棒表面缺陷，了解工艺参数对表面质量影响规律，并制备出无裂纹铸棒，通过正交试验和理论分析的方法，研究了不同工艺参数对表面质量的影响，研究表明：表面质量随功率和线圈匝数的增加而变坏，随抽拉速度和拉锭高度的增加先变好后变坏；各参数影响程度不同，线圈匝数影响最大，功率次之，抽拉速度再次，拉锭高度影响最小；铸造表面质量良好钛合金棒的工艺参数为：抽拉速度5mm／min，功率50kW，线圈3匝，拉锭高度30mm。     

20G钢管的电磁校形

采用线圈轴向磁场力对压扁量为11mm的20G钢管进行了电磁校形,并以变形量为评价指标,研究了放电电压、放电次数和线圈电感对钢管校形精度的影响。结果表明：虽然线圈电感和放电次数对校形精度有一定的影响,但放电电压是影响校形精度的决定因素;试验还从各种参数对校形的影响关系得到了较优化的工艺参数,以达到提高校形效果的目的。     

原油常温集输工艺在高原高寒油田的研究与应用

本文分析了目前油田集输工艺现状和跃进二号油田现状,通过试验和软件计算,确定了常温集输工艺流程及参数,通过现场实施和应用,油田常温集输工艺可靠。     

管坯电磁成形时线圈受力的研究

成形线圈设计是电磁成形工艺的关键技术之一,为了有针对性地进行防破设计,提高线圈的使用寿命,采用数值模拟的方法研究了螺线管线圈和阶梯形线圈电磁胀形时的磁场,得到了成形瞬间的磁力线分布和线圈受到的磁压力分布.结果表明:线圈、工件的结构参数和相对安装位置对线圈的磁压力分布影响很大;将受力分布引入成形线圈设计,有效地提高了工艺实验中线圈的使用寿命.     

超导托卡马克HT-7U磁体线圈模拟长样真空压力浸渍及低温力学性能

主要通过与低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中磁体线圈同截面的长样的真空压力浸渍(VPI)实验,探索线圈进行一次成形VPI工艺的可行性,掌握压力对浸渍的影响,为真实线圈的VPI工艺提供经验,并对固化后的绝缘层取样进行低温力学性能测试。     

用尼龙涂覆活塞式隔膜泵的工艺研究

系统地研究了尼龙1010的性能特征和成膜工艺,在确定了铝基合金制成的工件上用流化床涂覆尼龙1010新工艺的基础上,寻求尼龙1010涂覆活塞式隔膜泵工艺的最优参数和较理想的工艺流程.讨论了工件表面状况、预热温度、流化床温度、涂覆时间、塑化温度、塑化时间、淬火液温度对涂层性能的影响,通过正交试验法确定最优工艺参数,同时确定了较好的涂覆工艺流程,解决了活塞式隔膜泵的防腐蚀问题,它具有造价低、经久耐用的特点.     

基于电磁辅助成形的汽车覆盖件成形工艺研究

目的 为解决铝合金材料在冷冲压成形工艺中回弹量大、贴模度低、流动性差等问题,对汽车覆盖件的成形工艺进行研究.方法 基于电磁场理论,结合电磁成形工艺,制定了首先采用冲压进行预成形然后通过电磁场辅助成形进行终成形的工艺方法,通过正交试验与有限元单向耦合分析相结合的方法获得了成形覆盖件的最佳工艺参数.结果 基于正交试验获得了成形工艺参数的最佳组合:工位1采用峰值电压为8 kV、厚度为0.5 mm的单层线圈的成形参数,4个工步中的放电次数依次为22,28,36,44;工位2采用峰值电压为8 kV、厚度为0.5 mm的3层线圈的成形参数,4个工步中的放电次数依次为34,42,46,58.目标件的成形尺寸和理论尺寸对比结果表明,在最佳工艺组合下成形出目标件的误差较小且均匀分布在两圆角特征附近,"凸台"特征的成形误差相对较大,其最大误差为1.47 mm.结论 通过成形试验,验证了所确定的成形工艺参数的有效性.在最佳工艺参数组合下,电磁辅助成形工艺结合冲压工艺可以应用于该汽车覆盖件的成形.     

超导托卡马克HT-7U磁体线圈模拟长样VPI及低温力学性能

主要通过与低温超导托卡马克HT-7U中磁体线圈同截面的长样的真空压力浸渍(VPI)实验，探索线圈进行一次成形真空压力浸渍工艺的可行性，掌握真空度和压力对浸渍的影响，为真实线圈的真空压力浸渍工艺提供经验，并对固化后的绝缘层取样进行低温力学性能测试。     

Development of a cryogenic test bed for high amperage critical current measurement on high temperature superconductor wire

Many areas of research have benefited from the application of conduction-cooled superconducting magnet technology. The middle and small-scale magnets immersed in the liquid helium will be replaced by the easy-operating conduction-cooled superconducting magnet due to convenient operation, lower operating cost and easy for user. For the goal of superconducting magnet applications in the advanced testing for high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire and sample coils, a wide bore conduction-cooled superconducting magnet with available warm bore of ?186 mm and center field of 5-6 T for background magnetic field applications was designed, fabricated and tested. The system allows measurements to be performed in a repeatable and reliable fashion. In order to support the high stress in magnet, the detailed finite element (FE) analysis with electro-plastic model is proposed. The sample cryostat is designed with cryofree. It includes two GM cryocoolers. The detailed design, fabrication and thermal analysis are presented in the paper.     

Superconducting magnet for K-500 cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata

K-500 superconducting cyclotron is in the advanced stage of commissioning at VECC, Kolkata. Superconducting magnet is one of the major and critical component of the cyclotron. It has been successfully fabricated, installed, cooled down to 4.2 K by interfacing with LHe plant and energized to its rated current on 30th April, 2005 producing magnetic field of 4.8 T at median plane of cyclotron. The superconducting magnet (stored energy of 22MJ) consists of two coils (α and β), which were wound on a sophisticated coil winding machine set-up at VECC. The superconducting cable used for winding the coils is multi filamentary composite superconducting wire (1.29 mm diameter) having 500 filaments of 40 μm diameter Nb-Ti in copper matrix which is embedded in OFHC grade copper channel (2.794 mm × 4.978 mm) for cryogenic stability. The basic structure of coil consists of layer type helical winding on a SS bobbin of 1475 mm ID × 1930 mm OD × 1170 mm height. The bobbin was afterwards closed by SS sheet to form the LHe chamber. The total weight of the coil with bobbin was about 6 tonne and the total length of the superconducting cable wound was about 35 km. Winding was done at very high tension (2000 PSI) and close tolerance to restrict the movement of conductor and coil during energization. After coil winding, all four coils (two each on upper and lower half of median plane of cyclotron) were banded by aluminium strip (2.7 mm × 5 mm) at higher tension (20,000 PSI) to give more compressive force after cool down to 4.2 K for restricting the movement of coil while energizing and thereby eliminating the chances of quench during ramping of current.After completion of coil winding by October, 2003, cryostat assembly was taken up in house. The assembly of cryostat (13 tonne) with support links (9 Nos.) refrigeration port, instrumentation port, helium vapour cooled current loads, etc. was completed by June, 2004. Meanwhile assembly of magnet frame was taken up and the cryostat was positioned in the magnet frame with proper alignment by August, 2004. After installation of cryostat on magnet, the cryostat was connected to the helium refrigerator/liquefier, having refrigeration capacity of 200 W and 100 l/h in liquefier mode with LN2 pre-cooling. The cryogenic delivery system supplying the liquid helium and liquid nitrogen to the superconducting magnet was successfully commissioned in November, 2004. The cool down of the cryostat to 10 K took around 8 days following which the LHe was filled in the cryostat (300 l) on 15th January, 2005. Subsequently the superconducting coils (α and β) were energized by two DC current regulated power supplies (20 V, 1000 A, 10 ppm stability) with slow and fast dump resistors connected externally across the superconducting coils for protection of coils at the time of power failure and quench.The paper describes the intricacies involved in coil winding, winding set-up, assembly of cryostat, cooling down the superconducting coils, filling by LHe and energization to rated current. The paper also highlights the operating experience of superconducting magnet and related test results.     

超流氦低温系统发展及涡轮冷压缩机的应用

2 K下大型氦低温系统已采用离心式涡轮冷压缩机在低温低压下对饱和液氦槽减压操作,以获得超流氦或过冷氦.介绍了2K温度级超流氦制冷机发展情况和涡轮冷压缩机在氦制冷系统中的应用,以及中国科学院等离子体物理研究所EAST超导托卡马克氦低温制冷机中过冷氦的制取过程.     

Ten years of cryomagnetic W7-X test facility construction and operation

The construction, commissioning, and operation phases of the W7-X cryomagnetic test facility in CEA Saclay lasted ten years. The large diversity of equipments called, specialties involved and problems solved attest the expertise that was required to operate the test facility and test the coils. Nearly one hundred cryogenic tests were performed on the seventy W7-X coils, at a rate always increasing, using two cryostats each holding two coils.This paper presents the test facility and its operation first, the cryogenic difficulties that were confronted with their solutions, the electro-magnetic difficulties encountered along with corrective actions, and finally the instrumentation and data acquisition aspects.     

EAST超导托卡马克热负荷波动对低温系统液氦槽的影响

EAST超导托卡马克的纵场和极向场磁体均采用NbTi超导材料,由3.8 K超临界氦冷却.在托卡马克实验运行时,极向场的放电脉冲和等离子体破裂产生的交流损耗带来的热负荷增加,经过超临界氦流带到低温系统控制阀箱内的液氦槽和过冷槽,造成槽内的液氦蒸发量增加.蒸发的氦回到制冷机中,从而影响制冷机的稳定运行.通过对实际超临界管道和液氦槽、过冷槽中换热过程建立换热模型,进行热工分析,分析液氦槽和过冷槽中的压力等参数的变化,指导低温系统的设计.     

Compact infrared cryogenic wafer-level camera: design and experimental validation

We present a compact infrared cryogenic multichannel camera with a wide field of view equal to 120°. By merging the optics with the detector, the concept is compatible with both cryogenic constraints and wafer-level fabrication. The design strategy of such a camera is described, as well as its fabrication and integration process. Its characterization has been carried out in terms of the modulation transfer function and the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD). The optical system is limited by the diffraction. By cooling the optics, we achieve a very low NETD equal to 15 mK compared with traditional infrared cameras. A postprocessing algorithm that aims at reconstructing a well-sampled image from the set of undersampled raw subimages produced by the camera is proposed and validated on experimental images.     

Thermal conductivity of silver loaded conductive epoxy from cryogenic to ambient temperature and its application for precision cryogenic noise measurements

The pressure to increase the sensitivity of instrumentation has pushed the use of cryogenic Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) technology into a growing number of fields. These areas range from radio astronomy and deep space communications to fundamental physics. In this context manufacturing for cryogenic environments requires a proper thermal knowledge of the materials to be able to achieve adequate design behavior. In this work, we present experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of a silver filled conductive epoxy (EPO-TEK H20E) which is widely used in cryogenic electronics applications. The characterization has been made using a sample preparation which mimics the practical use of this adhesive in the fabrication of cryogenic devices. We apply the data obtained to a detailed analysis of the effects of the conductive epoxy in a monolithic thermal noise source used for high accuracy cryogenic microwave noise measurements. In this application the epoxy plays a fundamental role since its limited thermal conductivity allows heating the chip with relatively low power. To our knowledge, the cryogenic thermal conductivity data of this epoxy has not been reported before in the literature in the 4–300 K temperature range. A second non-conductive epoxy (Gray Scotch-Weld 2216 B/A), also widely used in cryogenic applications, has been measured in order to validate the method by comparing with previous published data.     

用于环形正负电子对撞机探测器超导磁体的小型氦虹吸回路实验与数值模拟研究

在探测器超导磁体的低温系统预研中,搭建了小型的氦虹吸冷却回路实验系统,进行了气-液两相沸腾和传热特性实验研究,并利用VOF多相流模型模拟计算了氦的热虹吸自然冷却循环过程和过热烧干过程。在相同条件下,模拟计算结果与实验数据进行了比较,模拟计算得到的的温度分布、璧面过热度与实验测量数据符合度较好。