协助D2D通信的波束赋形算法设计

文章考虑下行链路D2D通信对复用同小区的蜂窝资源,不同于传统的基于总功率约束的赋形策略,我们提出了基于单根天线功率约束的波束赋形策略。TD-LTE系统采用的是时分双工,上下行信道具有互易性,因此通过对上行信道信息的获取,可以得到下行信道的信道状态信息(Channel Station Information,CSI),从而有效地实现波束赋形。在CSI已知的情况下,我们提出了一种高效的算法寻找最优的波束赋形策略,使得经典的基于最大最小信干比的问题能够被重写为标准的二阶锥规划(SCOP),从而使最优的目标能够通过标准的二阶锥规划求解器求解。同时,为了减少由于D2D通信对加入给蜂窝网络带来的干扰,一种D2D状态搜索算法被提出,它能够选择最优的D2D通信对加入蜂窝网络中,使得系统的吞吐量得到提升。     

一种新的基于3D有源天线组网的干扰协调方案

传统2D有源天线仅能进行水平维的波束调整,而3D有源天线能够结合垂直维的波束调整,提升系统的吞吐量.由于3D有源天线组网的干扰情况与2D完全不同,需要研究新的干扰协调方案,本文提出一种基于3D有源天线组网的干扰协调方案,通过相邻基站间交互各自对系统资源的使用信息,使得基站间可协调分配系统资源,降低了系统整体干扰水平.仿真结果表明,提出的方案可有效地抑制小区间干扰,提升边缘用户的性能乃至整个小区的平均吞吐量.     

3D SCM及其城市宏小区安全容量评估

三维波束成型是MIMO一种富有潜力的实现方式。它通过主动的天线阵列来控制天线的辐射方向,从而提高小区用户的安全容量。文章在2D SCM基础上,考虑了垂直维度的功率谱,给出了详细的3D SCM的参数描述。其次,考虑在城市宏小区环境中,评估了在不同的系统参数下的小区用户的安全容量,对比了在2D和3D两种信道模型下安全容量的改变。最后提出一种基于人工噪声的3D SCM加密算法。     

TD—SCDMA智能天线与联合检测的结合仿真

智能天线波束赋形技术能很好地抑制小区间干扰,联合检测只能抑制小区内的多址干扰。在TD-SCDMA系统上行链路实现了智能天线波束赋形与联合检测的算法结合,并按照标准3GPP25．996的信道环境做了仿真,加入小区间干扰,仿真结果表明,智能天线与联合检测的结合能同时抑制小区内多址干扰和小区间干扰。     

一种新颖的3D有源天线基站组网波束下倾角选择方法

传统二维有源天线仅能进行水平维波束调整,而三维有源天线能进行垂直维波束调整,提升系统吞吐量.现有的三维有源天线波束下倾角选择方法是基于俯仰角信息进行选择的,用户信号接收功率较低.为此,提出一种新颖的三维有源天线基站组网波束下倾角选择方法,该方法基于参考信号接收功率信息进行波束下倾角选择,有效提高了用户信号接收功率.仿真结果表明,新方法可大幅提升小区平均吞吐量,改善系统性能.     

TD-LTE双流波束赋形技术分析

文章介绍了3GPP Release 9中提出的双流波束赋形技术,对双流波束赋形技术的实现原理以及两种不同的应用场景进行了阐述。通过仿真,文章对单用户双流波束赋形时TM8与TM3和TM7进行了性能对比,并对单用户双流波束赋形和多用户双流波束赋形下的小区吞吐量增益进行了比较分析,分别给出了它们的信噪比适用门限。最后,文章通过外场测试评估,对仿真结果进行了验证,并给出双流波束赋形技术对系统吞吐量增益的结论。     

3D MIMO系统下水平和垂直维联合预编码的研究

第五代(5G)移动通信网络将会在很大程度上提高无线通信的速率。由于多入多出系统(MIMO)能够满足5G网络中对信息速率越来越高的要求,现在正受到广泛的关注。然而,传统意义的二维(2D)MIMO技术仅仅能控制水平维的波束。为了满足5G的需求,需要引入能同时考虑水平维和垂直维波束的三维(3D)MIMO技术。本文基于3D MIMO信道模型,在分析3D MIMO信道相关性的基础上,针对发射相关和接收相关矩阵在水平维和垂直维的分解,提出了一种利用3D MIMO信道相关性的有限反馈预编码方案。并在此基础上,结合2D MIMO信道下的DFT码本和Grassmannian码本,提出了两种新的3D MIMO信道下的码本。实验结果表明,提出的3D MIMO预编码方案整体性能优于传统2D MIMO和现有的3D MIMO预编码方案。在3D MIMO系统中,由于可以动态调节天线的下倾角,故充分发掘了空间三维自由度。3D MIMO预编码技术减小小区间干扰,增加了系统容量,有效地提高了整个通信系统的性能。      

八天线TD-LTE系统的波束赋形算法分析

多天线是天线技术的发展趋势,TD-LTE引入了8发2收的天线配置.基于小间距多天线阵列,利用TDD系统信道互易性,波束赋形技术可以根据上行导频获得信道信息,形成对基带(中频)信号的最佳组合或者分配,补偿无线传播过程中由空间损耗、多径效应等因素引入的信号衰落与失真,同时降低同信道用户间的干扰.EBB(Eigen-based Beamforming)算法是波束赋形主要算法之一,该算法中在整个波束空间中,找到使接收信号功率最大的赋形权矢量.通过仿真,对EBB算法在各种应用场景下的性能进行了分析,结果表明八天线EBB波束赋形算法可以正确实现波束合成,在低速或上行信道信息估计误差较小情况下能够明显提高系统性能.     

基于机会通信的多天线蜂窝系统小区间干扰协调

通过研究有限反馈波束赋形蜂窝系统中小区间同信道干扰变化的特性,提出了一种基于机会通信的有限权值机会波束方法。该方法通过在预先设计的有限数量的赋形权值码本中随机选择赋形权值,使目标小区的干扰变化与邻小区用户调度无关,从而使干扰测量和速率预测更为准确,降低了反馈时延和干扰变化造成的中断率。理论分析和仿真均表明:采用正比公平调度的有限权值机会波束与有限反馈波束赋形具有相近的发射速率,从而系统吞吐量得到提高。     

TD-LTE双流波束赋形测试解决方案

双流波束赋形是LTE标准3GPP R9中引进的技术,对于TD-LTE是必选技术,对于FDD-LTE是可选技术。该技术主要优势在于多天线情况下,可以增加覆盖范围,提高系统吞吐量,减少干扰,提高边缘用户的可靠性,同时也可以提升小区中心用户的吞吐量。本文简要介绍了罗德与施瓦茨公司针对TD-LTE双流波束赋形完整的测试解决方案。     

具有空间宽带效应的毫米波3D MIMO信道估计

在现有的大规模三维多输入多输出（3D MIMO）系统中,相邻天线间的距离可能非常大,这往往会导致电磁波穿过阵列孔径时出现物理传播延迟,被称为空间宽带效应。而大多数学者在研究信道估计时为方便通常会忽略它,仅仅有学者研究雷达系统时提到了空间宽带效应。而去年有学者将其引入到了2D MIMO毫米波系统中,本文在此基础上将其扩展到了毫米波大规模3D MIMO系统中,基于平面天线阵列的水平角和垂直角设计了一种新的信道模型,并提出了一种信道估计算法,仿真结果表明其具有良好的信道估计性能。      

一种基于随机散射簇的非平稳3D空间信道模型

针对大规模MIMO信道的近场效应和非平稳特性,该文提出适用大规模MIMO信道的一种基于随机散射簇的非平稳3D空间信道模型。采用抛物波前代替球面波前建模近场效应,并分析抛物波前条件下该模型的信道容量。对于大规模MIMO信道的非平稳特性,提出基于散射簇的有效概率确定收发天线阵元的有效散射簇集合,从而建模散射簇沿天线阵列轴的随机演变来合理描述散射簇的出现和消失。仿真结果表明,用抛物波前和有效散射簇的随机演变来建模大规模MIMO信道特征是很好的候选方法。     

Doppler Shift and Capacity Analysis of MIMO Antenna Arrays in a Novel 3D Geometric Channel Model

One of the fundamental research areas in wireless communications is the development of realistic models that can efficiently and accurately describe the wireless propagation channel. In multi-path environments, the received signal frequency constantly varies as a result of the relative motion between the receiver and transmitter. In this paper, we bridged a novel 3D geometric channel model and the multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array, analyzed deeply the probability density functions (PDFs) of the Doppler shift (DS), its variance, and characteristic function and etc. For the particular channel model, analytical expressions for PDFs of the channel model and the DS of mobile station (MS) due to its motion, have been derived. Based on the analysis, we investigated MIMO receiving performance. Also developed a geometric channel model, and was firstly in the asymmetric geometry literature due to a directional antenna array employed at base station. For this channel model, it was assumed that each multi-path component of the propagating signal undergoes one bounce. It was also assumed that the scattering objects around MS, could be expressed as Gaussian and exponential density models, which are more suitable to simulate outdoor and indoor environments.

     

移动通信基站双极化智能天线扇区功率比*

根据移动通信基站天线广播波束要求,构建了基站双极化智能天线阵的空间三维方向图函数.由此,计算了工作频段内基站天线不同水平面半功率波瓣宽度、不同前后比、不同垂直面电下倾和机械下倾角时,基站天线的扇区功率比和增益.结果表明,基站天线水平面半功率波瓣宽度和前后比是影响扇区功率比的决定因素;基站天线垂直面机械下倾的扇区功率比优于电下倾的扇区功率比.     

3D MIMO信道建模与仿真验证

现有的多输入多输出（MIMO）信道仿真模型主要基于二维（2D）平面,不能反映实际的三维（3D）电波传播环境。在WINNER 2D模型的基础上研究建立3D MIMO信道仿真平台。加入空间垂直维后,天线方向图需要从2D扩展至3D,并对3D天线阵列构成的MIMO系统进行建模。利用实验数据对城市微小区场景进行仿真验证,可以看出三维MIMO信道参数仿真与实验结果符合较好。3D MIMO信道间的相关性要比2D大,但3D MIMO的信道容量相比2D会有比较大的提升。     

3D channel modeling and space-time correlation analysis for V2V communications

To match complex wireless propagation scenarios,an improved 3D geometry-based stochastic model was proposed for vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications channel.The exact relationship between the azimuth angle and elevation angle was taken into account and the corresponding space–time correlation function and space–Doppler power spectral density were derived,and the influence of important factors was analyzed.The observations and conclusions show that correlation characteristics is closely related to distribution of the scatterers and the angle of the antenna array under the non-isotropic scattering environment and is affected by the elevation angle of the antenna array under the isotropic scattering environment.And the space-time correlation characteristics in high vehicular traffic density is significantly lower than that in low vehicular traffic density.The corresponding simulation model is also derived by using a reasonable parameter calculation method.The simulation results validate the rationality of proposed model.It greatly improves analysis and simulation efficiency of V2V MIMO system.     

二维电扫三坐标雷达技术应用分析

采用相控阵天线的三坐标（3D）雷达是目前3D雷达中的主要品种，具有在仰角上进行电扫描能力的3D雷达已获得广泛应用。为了满足对新一代3D雷达的需求，采用在方位与仰角上进行电扫的相控阵天线有重要意义。文中着重讨论了采用二维电扫相控阵天线后3D雷达性能的改善和应用潜力。     

Wideband 3D characterization of mobile radio channels in urbanenvironment

This paper describes three-dimensional (3D) radio channel measurements at the base station site in an urban environment. We introduce a measurement concept which combines an RF switched receiver array and a synthetic aperture technique and allows full 3D characterization of the channel. Additionally, dual-polarized patch antennas as array elements enable full determination of the polarization properties of the impinging signals. We describe measurements at over 70 different transmitter positions and three receiver array sites with different sectors and antenna heights. Our results show that the received energy is concentrated within identifiable clusters in the azimuth-elevation-delay domain. We demonstrate that the observed propagation mechanisms are mainly determined by the environment close to the base station. Street canyon propagation dominates also when the receiver array is at or even above rooftop level with the studied measurement distances. Thus, the azimuth spectrum at the BS site is fairly independent of the location of the mobile. Signal components propagating over the rooftop are often related to reflections from high-rise buildings in the surroundings     

Transmission Scheme for 2D Antenna Array MIMO Systems with Limited Feedback

Three-dimensional (3D) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems exploit spatial richness and provide another degree of freedom to transmit signals and eliminate spatial interference. Currently, however, there is no 3D codebook for two-dimensional (2D) antenna array MIMO systems with limited feedback. In this paper, based on the existing 2D codebook, we present a limited feedback and transmission scheme for 2D antenna array MIMO systems. In this scheme, the mobile station (MS) has imperfect channel knowledge, and the base station (BS) only acquires partial information relating the channel instantiation. MS must feed back two channel state information (CSI) instances, i.e., the horizontal and vertical CSIs. After receiving the two CSI instances, the BS interpolates a new vertical precoding vector using the vertical CSI. Then, the BS re-constructs a 3D beamforming vector using horizontal and vertical precoding vectors and compensates the reported horizontal channel quality indicator. System level simulation is employed, and the simulation results show that the proposed method improves the system spectral efficiency and the cell-edge SE significantly.     

接收天线阵列三维空域相关性快速评估算法

针对任意三维到达波角度分布时,接收天线阵列的空域相关性评估比较复杂,通常只能采用数值积分方法的问题,本文提出了一种基于角谱域脉冲采样的三维空域相关性评估快速算法。该算法首先利用特定采样脉冲对三维入射波功率角谱进行二维采样,然后根据采样脉冲的空域相关系数加权叠加获得不同天线接收信号之间的空域相关性,大大降低相关性计算的复杂度。同时,文中还推导获得基于最小均方误差准则的采样脉冲表达式及其对应的空域相关系数精确解析式和近似表达式。仿真和分析结果表明,当角谱域采样间隔小于10度时,该快速算法的最大误差小于0.01,但运算时间远远小于数值积分方法及其它评估方法,可满足信道估计和天线阵列设计等实际需求。