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1.
膳食脂质是肌体能量、必需营养物质和生物活性成分的重要来源或载体,其在体内的消化行径往往受到消化场所及存在形态差异的影响。本文通过对膳食脂质在胃肠道内不同阶段的消化行径进行综述,分析膳食脂质在各阶段消化过程中的变化,阐明了膳食脂质在机体代谢过程中与脂肪酶、胆盐的亲和机制,以及小肠内的微生物菌群与膳食脂质在消化吸收中的相互作用,概述了不同类型、不同来源的膳食脂质间的消化差异。最后,本文总结了脂肪酸的链长及饱和程度、甘油三酯的结构、脂质的物理性质、乳化液滴的大小、界面性质及钙离子对膳食脂质体内消化的影响,以期为合理地摄入脂质、预防和治疗膳食脂质摄入过量引起的相关疾病提供依据,同时为研发功能结构脂及设计新型的含脂质食品提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
脂质是人体需要的重要营养物质之一;在供给人体能量方面起着重要作用。脂质在消化过程中的产物会形成不同的自组装结构;如乳液、囊泡、胶束、溶致液晶等;这些结构是递送活性营养物质的重要载体;不仅影响脂质自身代谢产物的消化代谢;同时也影响营养物质的递送和吸收。本文综述脂质的消化过程及产物;重点论述其形成的自组装结构及这些结构变化对活性物质的肠道递送和生物可及性的潜在影响。了解膳食脂质的消化及其产物自组装结构有助于认识脂质在消化过程中对营养物质尤其是疏水成分的递送作用;同时可为新型自组装营养递送系统的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
婴幼儿出生后免疫系统不成熟,依赖先天免疫系统进行保护,肠道是先天免疫的重要执行者.母乳提供了婴幼儿足够数量的脂质和最适宜消化吸收的脂质结构,脂质以乳脂肪球的形式存在并被乳脂肪球膜所包裹.母乳脂质的结构、组成也直接影响对婴幼儿肠道功能的调节.本文对母乳中饱和脂肪酸、长链多不饱和脂肪酸和脂肪球膜以及复合脂质在婴儿肠道发育和...  相似文献   

4.
王晨  钟赛意  邹宇晓 《食品科学》2019,40(3):338-347
肠道菌群通过宿主与饮食交互作用在机体的脂质代谢过程中扮演着十分重要的角色。食物中广泛存在的膳食纤维及肠道菌群代谢的产物可选择性地改变肠道菌群组成,进而提高肠道短链脂肪酸水平、降低炎性因子表达水平、影响饥饿禁食诱导因子表达,从而改善机体的脂质代谢水平。膳食纤维这种通过改善肠道菌群组成来调节机体脂质代谢的生物活性作用,为预防和治疗脂质代谢紊乱等相关疾病提供了新的研究思路。本文在查阅文献的基础上,对膳食纤维经肠道微生态途径调节脂质代谢的活性作用及其机制进行了综述。  相似文献   

5.
目的:进一步了解鹰嘴豆的消化特性及肠道健康作用。方法:对鹰嘴豆的主要营养物质及其在胃肠道中的消化过程和在抗营养因子下的消化特性,被肠道微生物消化及产生的肠道健康作用进行综述,并探讨不同加工方式对鹰嘴豆消化特性的影响。结果与结论:本综述为鹰嘴豆的加工、食用、开发、应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
类胡萝卜素是类异戊二烯单元组成的一类萜类色素,在维持眼部健康、提高免疫力等方面具有重要作用。人体不能合成这种色素,必须从膳食中摄取。人体摄入后,类胡萝卜素会经历复杂的消化吸收与代谢过程,并受到食物本身以及人体内环境等多种因素的影响。肠道是类胡萝卜素吸收、代谢最重要的场所。本文综述化合物结构、膳食因子、加工方式、包埋、转运蛋白、生物裂解酶等因素对类胡萝卜素在肠道吸收、代谢的影响,并探讨肠道菌群在其中发挥的作用,为类胡萝卜素体内的吸收与生物转化研究提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
研究证实,油脂和富含脂质的食品极易在胃肠道消化过程中发生氧化反应,产生的丙二醛、4-羟基-2-己烯醛(4-HHE)等氧化产物能够对机体造成健康危害。本文对胃肠道消化过程中脂质氧化反应的影响因素、健康危害及植物多酚、类黑精等食品组分干预作用等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为通过改善膳食结构等途径减少胃肠道消化过程中脂质氧化反应造成的健康危害提供参考。   相似文献   

8.
类胡萝卜素是一种广泛存在于果蔬中的脂溶性色素,在预防疾病和保护人体健康方面发挥重要功能,但是人体无法合成类胡萝卜素,只能从食物中摄取,且由于类胡萝卜素的溶解性差、不稳定等原因,其生物利用度通常非常低.本文简述类胡萝卜素的消化过程,以SR-B1、CD36、NPC1L1等肠道转运蛋白为重点,介绍类胡萝卜素在小肠上皮细胞的吸...  相似文献   

9.
基于肠道吸收机制的膳食多酚代谢研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
左丹  廖霞  李瑶  石芳  王丽颖  明建 《食品科学》2017,38(7):266-271
膳食多酚是植物性食物的重要成分,不仅与食品的风味和颜色等品质直接相关,还有利于人体健康。由于它们在基质释放、消化、吸收、代谢和组织分布期间发生改变,使得各种酚类化合物生物利用度有一定的差异。饮食中含量最丰富的不一定具有最佳生物利用度,多酚的吸收转化及生物利用度是多酚生物活性主要研究热点之一。本文以多酚肠道吸收机制为基点,综述了膳食多酚在胃肠道释放、吸收、代谢等过程,以期为多酚类保健食品的研发提供依据。  相似文献   

10.
杨慧  曲也直  高雅然  武俊瑞 《食品科学》2021,42(11):297-303
随着全球过敏人群数量逐年升高,食物过敏已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题.脂质是食物的重要组成成分,越来越多的研究表明,膳食脂质的过量摄入能够增强食物过敏原的致敏特性,增加入群患食物过敏的机率.本文主要从膳食脂质与食物过敏原的关系出发,阐述了膳食脂质影响食物过敏的具体途径及高脂饮食对食物过敏的影响,归纳总结了近10年来文献中...  相似文献   

11.
    
Capsaicin (CAP) and dietary fibers are natural active ingredients that given separately do positively affect obesity and metabolic diseases. However, it was unknown whether their combined administration might further improve blood lipids and gut flora composition. To test this hypothesis we administered capsaicin plus dietary fibers (CAP + DFs) to male rats on a high-fat diet and analyzed any changes in the intestinal microbiota make up, metabolites, and blood indexes. Our results showed that combining CAP with dietary fibers more intensely reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CAP + DFs also increased gut bacteria variety, and the abundance of several beneficial bacterial strains, including Allobaculum and Akkermansia, while reducing harmful strains such as Desulfovibrio. Additionally, CAP + DFs significantly increased arginine levels and caused short-chain fatty acids accumulation in the contents of the cecal portion of rats' gut. In conclusion, notwithstanding the rats were kept on a high-fat diet, adding CAP + DFs to the chow further improved, as compared with CAP alone, the lipidemia and increased the gut beneficial bacterial strains, while reducing the harmful ones.  相似文献   

12.
    
Dietary fibres consist of edible plant polysaccharides that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine but undergo complete or partial fermentation in the colon. Seaweeds, notably Laminaria spp, are particularly rich in polysaccharides resistant to hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are, in consequence, considered as dietary fibres. Most of the carbohydrates from Laminaria spp are thought to be indigestible by humans. The main storage polysaccharide of these algae is laminarin, a β‐polymer of glucose. The aims of this work were, on the one hand, to compare various methods of extraction of laminarin by partial characterisation of the product obtained and, on the other hand, to study the fate of this polysaccharide and its effects in the gastrointestinal tract in order to determine its potential as a dietary fibre in human nutrition. Among four methods tested to extract laminarin, the best appeared to be a hot HCl‐based method. Human digestive enzymes did not hydrolyse laminarin, so this polysaccharide can be considered as a dietary fibre. After ingestion by rats, this polysaccharide was not found in faeces of these animals. It did not increase the intestinal transit and stool output in vivo, but it increased the contractile response of the stomach to acetylcholine in vitro. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
采用乳化-超声法制得姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒(Curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles,CNSLN),比较游离药姜黄素(Curcumin,CRM)和CNSLN的在体肠中吸收情况。选用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型(Single-pass intestinal perfusion model,SPIP),以紫外分光光度法测定游离CRM和CNSLN通过肠液后CRM的减少量来确定药物的吸收。结果:透射电镜下观察到CNSLN成圆形或椭圆形,平均粒径为(120.7±5.4)nm,平均Zeta电位为(-41.90±1.81)m V,平均包封率为(91.12±0.42)%。游离CRM和CNSLN在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠4段的吸收速率常数(Ka)、有效渗透率(Peff)和百分吸收率(W)均存在显著性差异(P0.01),CNSLN比游离CRM均提高了2倍以上,且CNSLN的最大吸收部位在结肠。在体肠吸收结果显示,CNSLN的肠吸收比游离CRM高,CNSLN能明显的提高大鼠对游离CRM的肠吸收。  相似文献   

14.
Anabolic availability of the hydroxyl methionine analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), given as oral doses to lambs, was quantified both directly as appearance in the portal vein and as synthesis to Met by digestive tract tissues. Eight lambs, prepared with vascular catheters in the mesenteric and portal veins plus the aorta, received twice daily for 7 d either 0.46 g or 2 g of HMTBA. On d 7, [1-13C]HMTBA was supplied as 1 oral dose while [methyl-2H3]Met was infused into the jugular vein. Peak absorption as HMTBA occurred 70 to 90 min after the oral dose. All digestive tract tissues converted HMTBA to Met, equivalent to 24% of the Met provided by the diet for the larger HMTBA dose. Overall, total availability of HMBTA averaged 17.9% of the dose (range 10.6 to 27.9%), with 12.5% (range 7 to 22%) as absorbed HMBTA and the remainder as Met synthesized by digestive tract tissues. Release of 13CO2 into the portal vein accounted for another 23% of the dose. In all digestive tract tissues, the d-isomer was present in a smaller proportion than in the dose. In terms of whole-body kinetics, HMTBA loss from the plasma followed first-order kinetics, with a mean biological half-life of 76 min. Using this value, a simple model was devised to estimate HMTBA absorption based on peripheral plasma samples. When compared with direct measures of absorption, the model gave a slope of 0.81 (R2 = 0.68) and offers a practical means to test HMTBA availability to animals.  相似文献   

15.
    
BACKGROUND: A few common spices are known to stimulate secretion of bile with higher amount of bile acids which play a major role in digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. It would be appropriate to verify if these spices enable efficient digestion and absorption during high‐fat intake. In this context, dietary ginger (0.05%), piperine (0.02%), capsaicin (0.015%), and curcumin (0.5%) were examined for their influence on bile secretion, digestive enzymes of pancreas and absorption of dietary fat in high‐fat (30%) fed Wistar rats for 8 weeks. RESULTS: These spices enhanced the activity of pancreatic lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin by 22‐57%, 32‐51%, 63‐81% and 12‐38%, respectively. Dietary intake of spices along with high‐fat enhanced fat absorption. These dietary spices increased bile secretion with higher bile acid content. Stimulation of lipid mobilisation from adipose tissue was suggested by the decrease in perirenal adipose tissue weight by dietary capsaicin and piperine. This was also accompanied by prevention of the accumulation of triglyceride in liver and serum in high‐fat fed rats. Activities of key lipogenic enzymes in liver were reduced which was accompanied by an increased activity of hormone‐sensitive lipase. CONCLUSION: Thus, dietary ginger and other spice compounds enhance fat digestion and absorption in high‐fat fed situation through enhanced secretion of bile salts and a stimulation of the activity pancreatic lipase. At the same time, the energy expenditure is facilitated by these spices to prevent the accumulation of absorbed fat. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
以百香果皮粉(passion fruit peel powder,PFP)、百香果皮醇提取物(passion fruit peel ethanol extract,PFPE)、百香果皮醇提余物(passion fruit peel ethanol extraction residue,PFPR)、百香果皮可溶性膳食纤维...  相似文献   

17.
杂豆膳食纤维因具有良好的降血糖、降血脂以及调节肠道菌群结构等作用受到广泛关注。杂豆膳食纤维通过改善胰岛素抵抗、提高胰岛素敏感性,调控消化酶的活性、抑制葡萄糖吸收以及改善氧化应激与炎症反应等途径降低血糖水平;通过减少胆固醇的吸收、促进胆固醇的排泄,抑制内源性胆固醇的合成以及增殖肠道益生菌等途径降低血脂水平。对杂豆膳食纤维生理功能及作用机制进行系统分析和总结,为杂豆膳食纤维相关功能食品的研发和应用提供依据。  相似文献   

18.
为探究不同类型膳食高级脂肪氧化终产物(ALEs)在肠道中的吸收特性及其对肠道屏障的影响,采用Caco-2细胞单层吸收模型结合高分辨质谱分析,评估不同结构膳食ALEs的跨膜吸收规律。借助扫描电子显微镜和免疫荧光分析等手段,评估膳食ALEs对肠道屏障功能的影响,并分析肠屏障损伤对ALEs吸收特性的影响。结果表明,结合态ALEs中有6种能够被肠道吸收,包括N-δ-(2-嘧啶基)-L-鸟氨酸、4-甲基-2,6-二氢吡啶-3,5-二甲醛、N末端形成的N-ε-(丙烯醛)结合肽、N末端形成的二氢吡啶型结合肽、N-ε-(1-亚氨基-3-氨基丙烯)赖氨酸和2-鸟氨甲酸基-4-甲基(1-ε-赖氨酸基)1,3-咪唑,这些ALEs主要以二肽或三肽的形式存在。此外,ALEs的存在导致Caco-2细胞单层的表观渗透系数提高了50.83%,跨膜电阻降低了53.28%,并导致紧密连接蛋白Occludin和ZO-1以及黏蛋白Mucin2的表达降低,表明ALEs破坏了肠道屏障的完整性。进一步研究显示,在肠屏障受损的情况下,ALEs的吸收状态发生变化,尤其是DPH-peptide和NP-peptide在肠道中的吸收增加。综上所述,ALEs通过破坏紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白的表达影响肠道屏障功能。肠道屏障受损时,ALEs的吸收特性发生显著变化,可能影响其在体内的分布和代谢。这些发现对了解ALEs在肠道中的行为及其对肠道屏障损伤的机制具有重要意义,为预防与饮食相关的慢性疾病提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
日粮纤维在猪饲养中应用的最新研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
随着人们对日粮纤维认识的深入和“人畜争粮”矛盾的突出,近年来有关猪利用日粮纤维的研究已引起人们的极大关注。本文从猪利用日粮纤维的生理基础等五个方面阐述当前研究状况。最后对猪利用日粮纤维的前景作一展望。  相似文献   

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