共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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膳食脂质是肌体能量、必需营养物质和生物活性成分的重要来源或载体,其在体内的消化行径往往受到消化场所及存在形态差异的影响。本文通过对膳食脂质在胃肠道内不同阶段的消化行径进行综述,分析膳食脂质在各阶段消化过程中的变化,阐明了膳食脂质在机体代谢过程中与脂肪酶、胆盐的亲和机制,以及小肠内的微生物菌群与膳食脂质在消化吸收中的相互作用,概述了不同类型、不同来源的膳食脂质间的消化差异。最后,本文总结了脂肪酸的链长及饱和程度、甘油三酯的结构、脂质的物理性质、乳化液滴的大小、界面性质及钙离子对膳食脂质体内消化的影响,以期为合理地摄入脂质、预防和治疗膳食脂质摄入过量引起的相关疾病提供依据,同时为研发功能结构脂及设计新型的含脂质食品提供参考。 相似文献
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甘婉玲;苏巍;王英;刘小莉;周剑忠;范琳琳 《食品科学》2025,46(10):10325-10332
脂质是人体需要的重要营养物质之一;在供给人体能量方面起着重要作用。脂质在消化过程中的产物会形成不同的自组装结构;如乳液、囊泡、胶束、溶致液晶等;这些结构是递送活性营养物质的重要载体;不仅影响脂质自身代谢产物的消化代谢;同时也影响营养物质的递送和吸收。本文综述脂质的消化过程及产物;重点论述其形成的自组装结构及这些结构变化对活性物质的肠道递送和生物可及性的潜在影响。了解膳食脂质的消化及其产物自组装结构有助于认识脂质在消化过程中对营养物质尤其是疏水成分的递送作用;同时可为新型自组装营养递送系统的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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类胡萝卜素是类异戊二烯单元组成的一类萜类色素,在维持眼部健康、提高免疫力等方面具有重要作用。人体不能合成这种色素,必须从膳食中摄取。人体摄入后,类胡萝卜素会经历复杂的消化吸收与代谢过程,并受到食物本身以及人体内环境等多种因素的影响。肠道是类胡萝卜素吸收、代谢最重要的场所。本文综述化合物结构、膳食因子、加工方式、包埋、转运蛋白、生物裂解酶等因素对类胡萝卜素在肠道吸收、代谢的影响,并探讨肠道菌群在其中发挥的作用,为类胡萝卜素体内的吸收与生物转化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Ting Gong Yujing Zhou Lei Zhang Haizhu Wang Min Zhang Xiong Liu 《Food Science & Nutrition》2023,11(1):114-125
Capsaicin (CAP) and dietary fibers are natural active ingredients that given separately do positively affect obesity and metabolic diseases. However, it was unknown whether their combined administration might further improve blood lipids and gut flora composition. To test this hypothesis we administered capsaicin plus dietary fibers (CAP + DFs) to male rats on a high-fat diet and analyzed any changes in the intestinal microbiota make up, metabolites, and blood indexes. Our results showed that combining CAP with dietary fibers more intensely reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CAP + DFs also increased gut bacteria variety, and the abundance of several beneficial bacterial strains, including Allobaculum and Akkermansia, while reducing harmful strains such as Desulfovibrio. Additionally, CAP + DFs significantly increased arginine levels and caused short-chain fatty acids accumulation in the contents of the cecal portion of rats' gut. In conclusion, notwithstanding the rats were kept on a high-fat diet, adding CAP + DFs to the chow further improved, as compared with CAP alone, the lipidemia and increased the gut beneficial bacterial strains, while reducing the harmful ones. 相似文献
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Christelle Devill Jacques Damas Philippe Forget Guy Dandrifosse Olivier Peulen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2004,84(9):1030-1038
Dietary fibres consist of edible plant polysaccharides that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine but undergo complete or partial fermentation in the colon. Seaweeds, notably Laminaria spp, are particularly rich in polysaccharides resistant to hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are, in consequence, considered as dietary fibres. Most of the carbohydrates from Laminaria spp are thought to be indigestible by humans. The main storage polysaccharide of these algae is laminarin, a β‐polymer of glucose. The aims of this work were, on the one hand, to compare various methods of extraction of laminarin by partial characterisation of the product obtained and, on the other hand, to study the fate of this polysaccharide and its effects in the gastrointestinal tract in order to determine its potential as a dietary fibre in human nutrition. Among four methods tested to extract laminarin, the best appeared to be a hot HCl‐based method. Human digestive enzymes did not hydrolyse laminarin, so this polysaccharide can be considered as a dietary fibre. After ingestion by rats, this polysaccharide was not found in faeces of these animals. It did not increase the intestinal transit and stool output in vivo, but it increased the contractile response of the stomach to acetylcholine in vitro. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用乳化-超声法制得姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒(Curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles,CNSLN),比较游离药姜黄素(Curcumin,CRM)和CNSLN的在体肠中吸收情况。选用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型(Single-pass intestinal perfusion model,SPIP),以紫外分光光度法测定游离CRM和CNSLN通过肠液后CRM的减少量来确定药物的吸收。结果:透射电镜下观察到CNSLN成圆形或椭圆形,平均粒径为(120.7±5.4)nm,平均Zeta电位为(-41.90±1.81)m V,平均包封率为(91.12±0.42)%。游离CRM和CNSLN在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠4段的吸收速率常数(Ka)、有效渗透率(Peff)和百分吸收率(W)均存在显著性差异(P0.01),CNSLN比游离CRM均提高了2倍以上,且CNSLN的最大吸收部位在结肠。在体肠吸收结果显示,CNSLN的肠吸收比游离CRM高,CNSLN能明显的提高大鼠对游离CRM的肠吸收。 相似文献
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Lobley GE Wester TJ Holtrop G Dibner JJ Parker DS Vázquez-Añón M 《Journal of dairy science》2006,89(9):3508-3521
Anabolic availability of the hydroxyl methionine analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), given as oral doses to lambs, was quantified both directly as appearance in the portal vein and as synthesis to Met by digestive tract tissues. Eight lambs, prepared with vascular catheters in the mesenteric and portal veins plus the aorta, received twice daily for 7 d either 0.46 g or 2 g of HMTBA. On d 7, [1-13C]HMTBA was supplied as 1 oral dose while [methyl-2H3]Met was infused into the jugular vein. Peak absorption as HMTBA occurred 70 to 90 min after the oral dose. All digestive tract tissues converted HMTBA to Met, equivalent to 24% of the Met provided by the diet for the larger HMTBA dose. Overall, total availability of HMBTA averaged 17.9% of the dose (range 10.6 to 27.9%), with 12.5% (range 7 to 22%) as absorbed HMBTA and the remainder as Met synthesized by digestive tract tissues. Release of 13CO2 into the portal vein accounted for another 23% of the dose. In all digestive tract tissues, the d-isomer was present in a smaller proportion than in the dose. In terms of whole-body kinetics, HMTBA loss from the plasma followed first-order kinetics, with a mean biological half-life of 76 min. Using this value, a simple model was devised to estimate HMTBA absorption based on peripheral plasma samples. When compared with direct measures of absorption, the model gave a slope of 0.81 (R2 = 0.68) and offers a practical means to test HMTBA availability to animals. 相似文献
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Usha NS Prakash Krishnapura Srinivasan 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(3):503-510
BACKGROUND: A few common spices are known to stimulate secretion of bile with higher amount of bile acids which play a major role in digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. It would be appropriate to verify if these spices enable efficient digestion and absorption during high‐fat intake. In this context, dietary ginger (0.05%), piperine (0.02%), capsaicin (0.015%), and curcumin (0.5%) were examined for their influence on bile secretion, digestive enzymes of pancreas and absorption of dietary fat in high‐fat (30%) fed Wistar rats for 8 weeks. RESULTS: These spices enhanced the activity of pancreatic lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin by 22‐57%, 32‐51%, 63‐81% and 12‐38%, respectively. Dietary intake of spices along with high‐fat enhanced fat absorption. These dietary spices increased bile secretion with higher bile acid content. Stimulation of lipid mobilisation from adipose tissue was suggested by the decrease in perirenal adipose tissue weight by dietary capsaicin and piperine. This was also accompanied by prevention of the accumulation of triglyceride in liver and serum in high‐fat fed rats. Activities of key lipogenic enzymes in liver were reduced which was accompanied by an increased activity of hormone‐sensitive lipase. CONCLUSION: Thus, dietary ginger and other spice compounds enhance fat digestion and absorption in high‐fat fed situation through enhanced secretion of bile salts and a stimulation of the activity pancreatic lipase. At the same time, the energy expenditure is facilitated by these spices to prevent the accumulation of absorbed fat. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为探究不同类型膳食高级脂肪氧化终产物(ALEs)在肠道中的吸收特性及其对肠道屏障的影响,采用Caco-2细胞单层吸收模型结合高分辨质谱分析,评估不同结构膳食ALEs的跨膜吸收规律。借助扫描电子显微镜和免疫荧光分析等手段,评估膳食ALEs对肠道屏障功能的影响,并分析肠屏障损伤对ALEs吸收特性的影响。结果表明,结合态ALEs中有6种能够被肠道吸收,包括N-δ-(2-嘧啶基)-L-鸟氨酸、4-甲基-2,6-二氢吡啶-3,5-二甲醛、N末端形成的N-ε-(丙烯醛)结合肽、N末端形成的二氢吡啶型结合肽、N-ε-(1-亚氨基-3-氨基丙烯)赖氨酸和2-鸟氨甲酸基-4-甲基(1-ε-赖氨酸基)1,3-咪唑,这些ALEs主要以二肽或三肽的形式存在。此外,ALEs的存在导致Caco-2细胞单层的表观渗透系数提高了50.83%,跨膜电阻降低了53.28%,并导致紧密连接蛋白Occludin和ZO-1以及黏蛋白Mucin2的表达降低,表明ALEs破坏了肠道屏障的完整性。进一步研究显示,在肠屏障受损的情况下,ALEs的吸收状态发生变化,尤其是DPH-peptide和NP-peptide在肠道中的吸收增加。综上所述,ALEs通过破坏紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白的表达影响肠道屏障功能。肠道屏障受损时,ALEs的吸收特性发生显著变化,可能影响其在体内的分布和代谢。这些发现对了解ALEs在肠道中的行为及其对肠道屏障损伤的机制具有重要意义,为预防与饮食相关的慢性疾病提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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日粮纤维在猪饲养中应用的最新研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
随着人们对日粮纤维认识的深入和“人畜争粮”矛盾的突出,近年来有关猪利用日粮纤维的研究已引起人们的极大关注。本文从猪利用日粮纤维的生理基础等五个方面阐述当前研究状况。最后对猪利用日粮纤维的前景作一展望。 相似文献