升流式厌氧污泥床反应器的应用

介绍了升流式厌氧污床工作原理，对升流式厌氧污泥床反应器的启动和应用中的影响因素作了探讨，从而得出升流式氧污泥反应器设计的基本要求。     

UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的发展进程及其在处理酿酒废水中的应用进展

酿酒废水中有机物浓度高、悬浮物高、呈酸性,受到废水处理行业的高度重视。UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器因适应负荷冲击、温度和pH值的变化,在酿酒废水处理中受到广泛的推广应用。本文介绍了UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的工作原理、发展进程及其在处理酿酒废水中的应用,这对今后UASB反应器的发展及提高酿酒废水的处理能力具有重要的意义。     

升流式厌氧污泥床反应器的应用

介绍了升流式厌氧污床工作原理,对升流式厌氧污泥床反应器的启动和应用中的影响因素作了探讨,从而得出升流式氧污泥反应器设计的基本要求。     

厌氧-化学混凝工艺处理麦草化学浆黑液

介绍了厌氧化学混凝工艺处理烧碱蒽醌麦草化学浆黑液的实验方法和结果,探索了上流厌氧污泥床反应器（ＵＡＳＢ）初级启动与二级启动的条件,给出了化学混凝剂的优化条件。     

两级厌氧工艺处理酒精废液的工业化研究

研究了工业规模两级上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（３００ｍ３）在不同温度、不同运行方式下对酒精废液的处理效能．结果表明,将一级高温上流式厌氧污泥床与一级中温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器串联,系统出水水质最佳．当进水ＣＯＤ值为２１０００～２５７００ｍｇ／Ｌ,有机负荷７ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）左右,系统出水ＣＯＤ值可降低到１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下     

厌氧污泥无载体颗粒化技术

高效上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器能否成功运行的关键在于颗粒污泥的培养。作者对在(UASB)反应器中颗粒污泥的培养技术、营养条件和环境因素进行了较为详细的研究,并从物理学和生物学的角度对颗粒污泥的特性进行了分析和探讨,最后进行了颗粒污泥(UASB)反应器运行性能的研究。研究结果表明,实验室可在65天的时间内培养得到具有良好沉降性能和高活性的颗粒污泥,这种颗粒污泥其内部结构极为合理;装有颗粒污泥的UASB反应器是一种非常高效稳定的废水厌氧处理装置。     

厌氧水解处理及在印染废水处理中的应用

介绍了四种厌氧水解池处理工艺,包括上流式厌氧污泥床反应器、厌氧滤池反应器、带污泥外回流的厌氧水解反应池和带有内置沉淀池的厌氧水解池处理工艺.前两种厌氧处理工艺受布水均匀性限制,而带污泥外回流的厌氧水解工艺效率又较低.采用带有内置沉淀池的厌氧处理工艺弥补了它们的缺陷,适用于大型印染污水处理.     

厌氧内循环反应器处理P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水颗粒污泥特性分析

以果汁废水处理系统中UASB反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥作为的接种污泥,以P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水为进水启动厌氧内循环反应器,讨论了厌氧内循环反应器启动前后颗粒污泥的性质变化,包括物理性质、化学性质、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物以及生物相的变化.结果表明,厌氧内循环反应器内污泥具有较强的活性.     

厌氧内循环反应器处理P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水颗粒污泥特性分析

以果汁废水处理系统中UASB反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥作为的接种污泥,以P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水为进水启动厌氧内循环反应器,讨论了厌氧内循环反应器启动前后颗粒污泥的性质变化,包括物理性质、化学性质、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物以及生物相的变化.结果表明,厌氧内循环反应器内污泥具有较强的活性.     

EGSB与UASB反应器快速启动及调试对比

研究了膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)的快速启动及其特性,并与上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)进行了比较。研究结果表明:UASB反应器的启动完成需要45 d,COD最大容积负荷为5 kg/(m3.d),CODCr去除率为80%,EGSB反应器的启动可在25 d内完成,COD容积负荷可达8 kg/(m3.d),CODCr去除率大于90%。在EGSB的启动过程中,颗粒污泥性质变化明显,其平均直径由0.88 mm增加到1.25mm,比产甲烷活性是接种前的4倍。     

Anaerobic granular reactors for the treatment of dairy wastewater: A review

Considerable research has been conducted on the treatment of dairy wastewater by anaerobic granular reactors. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) and static granular bed reactors (SGBR) are the conventional granular reactor types most commonly applied in dairy wastewater treatment. Hybrid systems have also been developed to increase treatment efficiency and overcome the operational problems associated with the treatment of this substrate. Effects of parameters including temperature, organic loading and operating protocols on the performance of granular reactors are summarised. Individual and hybrid granular reactors are evaluated based on organic matter removal and methane production capacity.     

Bulking in aerobic biological systems treating dairy processing wastewaters

The aerobic biological treatment of dairy processing wastewaters is associated with poor sludge settling bulking, and this has been largely linked to the high soluble organic component in these wastewaters, and high chemical oxygen demand COD: NP ratios. Strategies to minimize sludge bulking in activated sludge systems or sequencing batch reactors have been identified and include the operation of these systems under extended aeration conditions, and the incorporation of an anaerobic or anoxic zone to facilitate the degradation of the readily metabolized lactose in the wastewater. Filamentous bacteria linked with sludge bulking in the industry have been associated with various operating conditions.     

Review: Direct and indirect electrical stimulation of microbial metabolism

All organisms require an electron donor and acceptor, frequently in chemical form, but an elegant alternative is to supply these via direct electrochemical means. Electricity has been used to stimulate microbial metabolism for over 50 years. Since the first report of oxygenating media using anodic oxygen generation from electrolysis in 1956, researchers have made use of applied power systems to supply energy for microbial respiratory processes from fermentations to anaerobic reduction of toxic pollutants. Bioelectrical reactors (BERs) have been utilized for culturing organisms, influencing metabolite production, and biotransformation of a wide array of compounds. Both enrichment and pure cultures have been cultivated in the presence of applied current, showcasing the applicative diversity of these systems. As the need for more environmentally conscious solutions to waste-treatment, remediation, and cultivation efforts increases, systems that supply energy to microorganisms without chemical amendment are becoming more attractive. Additionally, the essential flexibility of BERs offers an almost unlimited range of solutions for metabolic stimulation and downstream application.     

Novel online monitoring and alert system for anaerobic digestion reactors

Effective monitoring and diagnosis of anaerobic digestion processes is a great challenge for anaerobic digestion reactors, which limits their stable operation. In this work, an online monitoring and alert system for upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors is developed on the basis of a set of novel evaluating indexes. The two indexes, i.e., stability index S and auxiliary index a, which incorporate both gas- and liquid-phase parameters for UASB, enable a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of reactor status. A series of shock tests is conducted to evaluate the response of the monitoring and alert system to organic overloading, hydraulic, temperature, and toxicant shocks. The results show that this system enables an accurate and rapid monitoring and diagnosis of the reactor status, and offers reliable early warnings on the potential risks. As the core of this system, the evaluating indexes are demonstrated to be of high accuracy and sensitivity in process evaluation and good adaptability to the artificial intelligence and automated control apparatus. This online monitoring and alert system presents a valuable effort to promote the automated monitoring and control of anaerobic digestion process, and holds a high promise for application.     

Microbial community analysis in the denitrification process of saline-wastewater by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA and the cultivation method

The metallurgic wastewater generated from the processes of recovering precious metals from industrial wastes contains high concentrations of nitrogen compounds and salts. Biological nitrogen removal from this wastewater was attempted using a circulating bioreactor system equipped with an anaerobic packed bed or an anaerobic fluidized bed. The denitrification capability of the system with the anaerobic packed bed was more stable than that of the system with the anaerobic fluidized bed. The NOx removal rate of the anaerobic packed bed was as high as 97%. Microbial community analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments and the cultivation method revealed that the community diversity varied in accordance with wastewater composition such as the level of salinity and so on. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the taxonomic affiliation of the dominant species in the anaerobic reactors was to the gamma-Proteobacteria including Halomonadaceae species. The PCR-DGGE method as a non-cultivation method was found to be a powerful tool for analysis of the microbial community, because the cultivation method could detect only a fraction of the microbial species present in these systems. The genetic diversity of the isolated bacteria belonging to the gamma-Proteobacteria which reduced both nitrate and nitrite in the anaerobic packed bed was higher than that of the bacteria in the anaerobic fluidized bed. This suggested that a genetically diverse microbial community stabilized the denitrifying performance in the anaerobic packed bed.     

新型(IC)厌氧反应器处理酒厂废水的试验研究

采用新型的内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理酒厂废水,研究了水力条件、进水方式和温度对IC厌氧反应器形成内循环和运行性能以及COD去除率的影响,进而确定IC厌氧反应器最适宜的容积负荷率。研究结果表明:最佳的进水方式是以切线方向从底部进入,这时,在一定的进水速度下,可形成缓慢的上升旋流和保持良好的内循环,从而能达到较好的污泥膨胀率和较高的COD去除率;最佳的水力停留时间为6h;最适宜的进水温度为35℃,这时的污泥膨胀率为68%,COD去除率为80%;IC厌氧反应器最适宜容积负荷率为20kg(/m3.d),此时COD去除率为80%左右。     

Release of trace organic compounds during the decomposition of municipal solid waste components

Landfill gas contains numerous speciated organic compounds (SOCs) including alkanes, aromatics, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, terpenes, chlorofluoro compounds, and siloxanes. The source, rate and extent of release of these compounds are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the release of SOCs and the regulated parameter, non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) during the decomposition of residential refuse and its major biodegradable components [paper (P), yard waste (YW), food waste (FW)]. Work was conducted under anaerobic conditions in 8-L reactors operated to maximize decomposition. Refuse and YW were also tested under aerobic conditions. NMOC release during anaerobic decomposition of refuse, P, YW, and FW was 0.151, 0.016, 0.038, and 0.221 mg-C dry g(-1), respectively, while release during aerobic decomposition of refuse and YW was 0.282 and 0.236 mg-C dry g(-1), respectively. The highest NMOC release was measured under abiotic conditions (3.01 mg-C dry g(-1)), suggesting the importance of gas stripping. NMOC release was faster than CH4 production in all treatments. Terpenes and ketones accounted for 32-96% of SOC release in each treatment, while volatile fatty acids were not a significant contributor. Release in aerobic systems points to the potential importance of composting plants as an emissions source.     

酒精糟液厌氧生物处理技术研究进展

根据酒精糟液的组成、性质,从厌氧生物处理方面介绍了厌氧反应器的特点及它们在酒精糟液处理中的研究现状、运用效果,提出厌氧生物处理技术存在的问题和发展方向。     

Effect of temperature on the fate of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and the integrase of class 1 integrons within anaerobic and aerobic digesters treating municipal wastewater solids

The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of anaerobic and aerobic digesters to reduce the quantity of antibiotic resistant bacteria in wastewater solids. Lab-scale digesters were operated at different temperatures (22 °C, 37 °C, 46 °C, and 55 °C) under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions and fed wastewater solids collected from a full-scale treatment facility. Quantitative PCR was used to track five genes encoding tetracycline resistance (tet(A), tet(L), tet(O), tet(W), and tet(X)) and the gene encoding the integrase (intI1) of class 1 integrons. Statistically significant reductions in the quantities of these genes occurred in the anaerobic reactors at 37 °C, 46 °C, and 55 °C, with the removal rates and removal efficiencies increasing as a function of temperature. The aerobic digesters, in contrast, were generally incapable of significantly decreasing gene quantities, although these digesters were operated at much shorter mean hydraulic residence times. This research suggests that high temperature anaerobic digestion of wastewater solids would be a suitable technology for eliminating various antibiotic resistance genes, an emerging pollutant of concern.     

ABR的最新研究进展及其在制革废水领域应用的可行性

ABR反应器是一种新型高效厌氧污水处理技术。目前,国内外出现了一些新型的ABR反应器,在某些方面增强了传统ABR反应器的一些性能。由于ABR的结构优势和良好的处理效果,考虑将其应用到处理制革废水领域。经过理论分析,目前试验的总结,以及现有工程实例的分析,得出采用ABR处理制革废水是可行的。此外,为使其在制革废水领域发挥最大的优势,针对其原有的不足以及制革废水的特点对其结构的改进提出了一些新思路。