不怕火烧,还能实现光热转换!上海硅酸盐所研制出新型光热转换耐火纸

<正>最近,中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所研究员朱英杰带领的科研团队,在新型无机耐火纸的研究工作基础上,以羟基磷灰石超长纳米线耐火纸为载体,负载碳纳米管,成功研制出大尺寸新型光热转换耐火纸。羟基磷灰石超长纳米线耐火纸具有热导率低、隔热性能优异、热稳定性高、生物相容性好、环境友好等优点,可显著减少热量损耗,达到提高太阳能利用效率的目的。该新型光热转换耐火纸在太阳光照射下可有效吸收太阳     

一步溶剂热法合成锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线

羟基磷灰石超长纳米线可用于构建不同种类的生物材料, 如高柔性生物医用纸和弹性多孔骨缺损修复支架, 在生物医学领域具有良好的应用前景。锶元素作为一种微量元素, 在骨代谢过程中起着重要作用。本研究通过一步溶剂热法合成了具有不同锶掺杂量的羟基磷灰石超长纳米线; 研究了不同锶掺杂量对羟基磷灰石超长纳米线的形貌和物相的影响。所制备的锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性和超长一维纳米结构。能量色散谱、X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明, 锶元素成功地掺杂到了羟基磷灰石超长纳米线中。本研究发展的制备方法可以制备锶/(锶+钙)摩尔比从0到100%任一比例的锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线, 大幅拓展了羟基磷灰石超长纳米线在骨缺损修复和牙科修复等生物医学领域中的应用。     

一步溶剂热法合成锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线（英文）

羟基磷灰石超长纳米线可用于构建不同种类的生物材料,如高柔性生物医用纸和弹性多孔骨缺损修复支架,在生物医学领域具有良好的应用前景。锶元素作为一种微量元素,在骨代谢过程中起着重要作用。本研究通过一步溶剂热法合成了具有不同锶掺杂量的羟基磷灰石超长纳米线;研究了不同锶掺杂量对羟基磷灰石超长纳米线的形貌和物相的影响。所制备的锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性和超长一维纳米结构。能量色散谱、X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,锶元素成功地掺杂到了羟基磷灰石超长纳米线中。本研究发展的制备方法可以制备锶/(锶+钙)摩尔比从0到100%任一比例的锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线,大幅拓展了羟基磷灰石超长纳米线在骨缺损修复和牙科修复等生物医学领域中的应用。     

羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/植物纤维纳米复合"宣纸"及其防霉性能

宣纸是中国书画作品必不可少的载体,具有优良的耐久性和防霉性能,因此赢得了"纸中之王"的美誉.2009年,宣纸被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》.羟基磷灰石具有优良的生物相容性,环境友好,白度高,是一种具有良好应用前景的生物材料.羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性,可用于构建具有不同功能的新型耐火纸.本...     

羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/植物纤维纳米复合“宣纸”及其防霉性能（英文）

宣纸是中国书画作品必不可少的载体,具有优良的耐久性和防霉性能,因此赢得了"纸中之王"的美誉。2009年,宣纸被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。羟基磷灰石具有优良的生物相容性,环境友好,白度高,是一种具有良好应用前景的生物材料。羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性,可用于构建具有不同功能的新型耐火纸。本研究发展了一种新型纳米复合"宣纸",由羟基磷灰石超长纳米线和植物纤维复合制成。所制备的纳米复合"宣纸"的白度随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量增加而得到提高,当羟基磷灰石超长纳米线重量比为25%时,其白度为76.1%,高于商品生宣纸(71.9%)或商品熟宣纸(70.3%)。采用三种霉菌(球毛壳霉菌、长枝木霉菌、黑曲霉菌)研究了新型纳米复合"宣纸"的抗霉菌性能。实验结果显示,与传统宣纸相比,所制备的纳米复合"宣纸"的防霉性能得到显著改善,与空白样品和商品宣纸相比,纳米复合"宣纸"对霉菌的生长具有更好的抑制能力,在其表面三种霉菌的生长速率明显较低,并且随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量的增加而降低。在恒温恒湿箱内培养过程中,商品宣纸表面生长出霉菌,但是纳米复合"宣纸"表面上没有观察到明显的霉菌生长。预期所制备的纳米复合"宣纸"有助于书画艺术品的长久安全保存,在书法和绘画艺术中具有良好的应用前景。     

新型“耐火宣纸”问世

<正>中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所朱英杰研究员带领的科研团队,针对传统宣纸存在的问题,以无机纳米材料—羟基磷灰石超长纳米线为主要构建材料,成功研制出新型"耐火宣纸",该"耐火宣纸"具有易于书写性,优异的润墨性、抗霉性、耐久性、耐高温性和耐火性等性能。实验结果表明,新型"耐火宣纸"白度高(～92%),高于     

羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/植物纤维纳米复合“宣纸”及其防霉性能

宣纸是中国书画作品必不可少的载体, 具有优良的耐久性和防霉性能, 因此赢得了“纸中之王”的美誉。2009年, 宣纸被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。羟基磷灰石具有优良的生物相容性, 环境友好, 白度高, 是一种具有良好应用前景的生物材料。羟基磷灰石超长纳米线具有高柔韧性, 可用于构建具有不同功能的新型耐火纸。本研究发展了一种新型纳米复合“宣纸”, 由羟基磷灰石超长纳米线和植物纤维复合制成。所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”的白度随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量增加而得到提高, 当羟基磷灰石超长纳米线重量比为25%时, 其白度为76.1%, 高于商品生宣纸(71.9%)或商品熟宣纸(70.3%)。采用三种霉菌(球毛壳霉菌、长枝木霉菌、黑曲霉菌)研究了新型纳米复合“宣纸”的抗霉菌性能。实验结果显示, 与传统宣纸相比, 所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”的防霉性能得到显著改善, 与空白样品和商品宣纸相比, 纳米复合“宣纸”对霉菌的生长具有更好的抑制能力, 在其表面三种霉菌的生长速率明显较低, 并且随着羟基磷灰石超长纳米线含量的增加而降低。在恒温恒湿箱内培养过程中, 商品宣纸表面生长出霉菌, 但是纳米复合“宣纸”表面上没有观察到明显的霉菌生长。预期所制备的纳米复合“宣纸”有助于书画艺术品的长久安全保存, 在书法和绘画艺术中具有良好的应用前景。     

大尺寸新型无机耐火纸研制成功

正可耐1000℃高温的新型无机耐火纸——羟基磷灰石耐火纸问世已两年有余,近日,这项技术又取得了实质性进展。记者从中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所获悉,该所朱英杰团队通过优化组分配方和抄造技术,成功研制出大尺寸、厚度可调控、符合复印纸国家标准的新型无机耐火纸。相关研究成果以封面论文形式发表在学术期刊《欧洲化学》上。新型无机耐火纸,利用传统造纸工艺制     

华中科大研制出新型耐高温锂离子电池隔膜

正中科院上海硅酸盐研究所朱英杰团队与华中科技大学胡先罗团队合作,成功研发出一种新型羟基磷灰石超长纳米线基耐高温锂离子电池隔膜。相关研究成果日前发表于《先进材料》,并申请一项发明专利。据介绍,该电池隔膜具有诸多优点,例如柔韧性高、力学强度好、孔隙率高、电解液润湿和吸附性能优良、热     

粉体材料相关知识

正羟基磷灰石(HA)是一种具有良好应用前景的无机生物矿物材料,它是人体和动物骨骼的主要无机成分,因此具有良好的环境相容性和生物活性,在生物医用材料、环境功能材料、湿敏半导体材料、催化剂载体以及抗菌功能材料等方面有着广泛的应用。多孔羟基磷灰石是通过某种制作工艺,在制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷过程中使其内部具有多孔的结构。多孔结构的羟基磷灰石除具有一般陶瓷的优良性能外,因具有大孔和微孔结构而具有骨传导性,植入人体后,将被体液溶解和组     

From crabshell to chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite material via a biomorphic mineralization synthesis method

Hydroxyapatite–polymer composite materials, as biological bone tissue materials, have become an important research direction. In this paper, the calcium carbonate from the crabshells was transformed into hydroxyapatite by a hydrothermal process. According to the method that we called Biomorphic Mineralization synthesis, we obtained a novel kind of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite materials which reserved the natural perfect structure of the original crabshells. Benefited from its fine micro-structure as the crabshells, this kind of materials held a high value of tensile modulus, which is expected to be promising bone tissue engineering applications.     

无机聚合物-地聚合物材料的现状

地聚合物是一类新型的高性能无机聚合物，由于其特殊的无机缩聚三维氧化物网络结构，使得地聚合物材料具有良好的高温性能和机械性能。综述了地聚合物材料的发展历史、技术现状以及在各方面的应用。     

Synthesis and release of trace elements from hollow and porous hydroxyapatite spheres

It is known that organic species regulate fabrication of hierarchical biological forms via solution methods. However, in this study, we observed that the presence of inorganic ions plays an important role in the formation and regulation of biological spherical hydroxyapatite formation. We present a mineralization method to prepare ion-doped hydroxyapatite spheres with a hierarchical structure that is free of organic surfactants and biological additives. Porous and hollow strontium-doped hydroxyapatite spheres were synthesized via controlling the concentration of strontium ions in a calcium and phosphate buffer solution. Similarly, fluoride and silicon-doped hydroxyapatite spheres were synthesized. While spherical particle formation was attainable at low and high temperature for Sr-doped hydroxyapatite, it was only possible at high temperature in the F/Si-doped system. The presence of inorganic ions not only plays an important role in the formation and regulation of biological spherical hydroxyapatite, but also could introduce pharmaceutical effects as a result of trace element release. Such ion release results showed a sustained release with pH responsive behavior, and significantly influenced the hydroxyapatite re-precipitation. These ion-doped hydroxyapatite spheres with hollow and porous structure could have promising applications as bone/tooth materials, drug delivery systems, and chromatography supports.     

Flexible,High‐Wettability and Fire‐Resistant Separators Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanowires for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Separators play a pivotal role in the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The commercial microporous polyolefin‐based separators often suffer from inferior electrolyte wettability, low thermal stability, and severe safety concerns. Herein, a novel kind of highly flexible and porous separator based on hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAP NWs) with excellent thermal stability, fire resistance, and superior electrolyte wettability is reported. A hierarchical cross‐linked network structure forms between HAP NWs and cellulose fibers (CFs) via hybridization, which endows the separator with high flexibility and robust mechanical strength. The high thermal stability of HAP NW networks enables the separator to preserve its structural integrity at temperatures as high as 700 °C, and the fire‐resistant property of HAP NWs ensures high safety of the battery. In particular, benefiting from its unique composition and highly porous structure, the as‐prepared HAP/CF separator exhibits near zero contact angle with the liquid electrolyte and high electrolyte uptake of 253%, indicating superior electrolyte wettability compared with the commercial polyolefin separator. The as‐prepared HAP/CF separator has unique advantages of superior electrolyte wettability, mechanical robustness, high thermal stability, and fire resistance, thus, is promising as a new kind of separator for advanced LIBs with enhanced performance and high safety.     

ZnO-nanowires/PANI inorganic/organic heterostructure light-emitting diode

In this paper, we report a flexible inorganic/organic heterostructure light-emitting diode, in which inorganic ZnO nanowires are the optically active components and organic polyaniline (PANI) is the hole-transporting layer. The fabrication of the hybrid LED is as follows, the ordered single-crystalline ZnO nanowires were uniformly distributed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based indium-tin-oxide-coated substrates by our polymer-assisted growth method, and proper materials were chosen as electrode and carrier. In this construction, an array of ZnO nanowires grown on PET substrate is successfully embedded in a polyaniline thin film. The performance of the hybrid device of organic-inorganic hetero-junction of ITO/(ZnO nanowires-PANI) for LED application in the blue and UV ranges are investigated, and tunable electroluminescence has been demonstrated by contacting the upper tips of ZnO nanowires and the PET substrate. The effect of surface capping with polyvinyl alcohol (PANI) on the photocarrier relaxation of the aqueous chemically grown ZnO nanowires has been investigated. The photoluminescence spectrum shows an enhanced ultraviolet emission and reduced defect-related emission in the capped ZnO NWs compared to bare ZnO. The results of our study may offer a fundamental understanding in the field of inorganic/organic heterostructure light-emitting diode, which may be useful for potential applications of hybrid ZnO nanowires with conductive polymers.     

Synthesis and applications of one-dimensional semiconductors

Nanoscale inorganic materials such as quantum dots (0-dimensional) and one-dimensional (1D) structures, such as nanowires, nanobelts and nanotubes, have gained tremendous attention within the last decade. Among the huge variety of 1D nanostructures, semiconducting nanowires have gained particular interest due to their potential applications in optoelectronic and electronic devices. Despite the huge efforts to control and understand the growth mechanisms underlying the formation of these highly anisotropic structures, some fundamental phenomena are still not well understood. For example, high aspect-ratio semiconductors exhibit unexpected growth phenomena, e.g. diameter-dependent and temperature-dependent growth directions, and unusual high doping levels or compositions, which are not known for their macroscopic crystals or thin-film counterparts.This article reviews viable synthetic approaches for growing high aspect-ratio semiconductors from bottom-up techniques, such as crystal structure governed nucleation, metal-promoted vapour phase and solution growth, formation in non-metal seeded gas-phase processes, structure directing templates and electrospinning. In particular new experimental findings and theoretical models relating to the frequently applied vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) growth are highlighted. In addition, the top-down application of controlled chemical etching, using novel masking techniques, is described as a viable approach for generating certain 1D structures. The review highlights the controlled synthesis of semiconducting nanostructures and heterostructures of silicon, germanium, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, cadmium sulphide, zinc oxide and tin oxide. The alignment of 1D nanostructures will be reviewed briefly. Whilst specific and reliable contact procedures are still a major challenge for the integration of 1D nanostructures as active building blocks, this issue will not be the focus of this paper. However, the promising applications of 1D semiconductors will be highlighted, particularly with reference to surface dependent electronic transduction (gas and biological sensors), energy generation (nanomechanical and photovoltaic) devices, energy storage (lithium storage in battery anodes) as well as nanowire photonics.     

A novel approach of homogenous inorganic/organic composites through in situ precipitation in poly-acrylic acid gel

A new in situ precipitation technique was developed to promote high-affinity nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate in the polymer hydrogel. Poly-acrylic acid/ hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites have been prepared using template-driven reaction. Nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles were distributed within organic template homogenously, furthermore, inorganic particles were fine and uniform. A kind of specific product with the characteristic of fractal was also obtained. During the composite process, 3D network of organic matrices played an important role in the superfine interaction of HAP and hydrogel through the compartment-effect of interior of hydrogel. This method provides an efficient approach toward inorganic/organic nanocomposites with high-uniformity decentralization for biomimetic replant applications. This paper discussed the mechanism of compartment-effect, and the concept of in situ precipitation in gel was brought forward. SEM and TEM were employed in the analysis of the morphological characteristic of uniform inorganic/organic composites and inorganic minerals separated from organic template. SEM-associated EDS area analysis and TEM-associated EDS analysis were employed in the analysis of component characteristic of inorganic/organic composite and inorganic particles. X-ray diffraction was employed in the analysis of precipitation phase crystal structure of inorganic component.     

骨损伤修复用硫酸钙及其无机复合材料的研究进展

创伤、骨肿瘤、关节置换术等引起骨缺损的修复是目前临床治疗的难点和研究热点领域, 寻找理想的骨修复材料已经成为该领域的重点研究方向。硫酸钙骨水泥作为骨修复材料已有百余年历史, 有着显著的优势。但其降解过快的缺点影响了治疗效果, 限制了应用范围。本文对硫酸钙的理化特性、晶粒形貌与晶型控制、合成方法等进行了系统介绍, 总结了硫酸钙与羟基磷灰石、生物玻璃、磷酸钙和硅酸钙复合材料及其性能研究的新成果, 并提出了克服硫酸钙作为骨修复材料的缺点的若干方法。     

高容量储氢材料的研究进展

高容量储氢材料在燃料电池和储热等方面有着良好的潜在应用.从高体积密度(kg/m3)和高储氢质量分数两个方面综述了高容量储氢材料的国内外研究近况.从材料组成、制备工艺、材料的组织结构以及催化剂应用等方面重点评述了Mg2FeH6、LiBH4、NaBH4、LiAlH4、NaAlH4等储氢材料的研究进展,指出高容量储氢材料今后中长期研究的重点是NaAlH4、Mg2 FeH6等络合氢化物以及催化剂.     

Pressure-induced structural phase transitions and amorphization in selected molybdates and tungstates

High pressure has been one of key tools for discovering and accessing new phases and novel properties of materials. Under these extreme conditions, it is possible to obtain information about the structural instabilities and to probe the delicate balance between short and long range interactions, which is fundamental for understanding the emergence of many properties. In this paper we reviewed the high-pressure behavior of some molybdate and tungstate materials, which comprises a large class of inorganic compounds that exhibit interesting physical properties (optical, ferroelastic, ferroelectric, negative thermal expansion) and have technological applications in different fields. These materials have a rich polymorphism in high pressures and some of them exhibit pressure-induced amorphization, thus making molybdates and tungstates compounds good prototypes to exploit new concepts about the physics of amorphization processes and about chemical decomposition under high pressure. We discussed how the combination of short and long-range probe techniques (which gives detailed information on the structural changes occurring in these materials) under high-pressures provides significant insight into the origin of lattice instabilities and pressure-induced amorphization in this particular class of inorganic materials. Furthermore, we reviewed in detail, how these structural changes affect their optical and ferroelectric properties. The conclusions derived from the high-pressure studies duly reviewed herewith have important implications for science and applications of these materials.