广州地区高校图书馆中庭设计与节能

以广州某高校图书馆为例,利用能耗模拟软件VE搭建了多组图书馆模型,通过空调能耗计算、节能率计算分析比较探讨了广州地区校园建筑中图书馆中庭设计的要点。重点对图书馆中庭夏季采用自然通风的节能潜力进行分析,对图书馆中庭夏季采用空调方式时屋面透明部分面积比进行优化分析。结果表明图书馆中庭夏季采用自然通风节能潜力达到30%以上,中庭采用空调时中庭屋顶透明部分百分比对中庭负荷影响较大。     

奥纳西思文学美术馆,雅典

美术馆包括1座可容纳1000人的歌剧院、1座可容纳200人的音乐厅、1间可容纳200人的露天阶梯教室、1个图书馆、1个餐厅、1个展览厅。建筑立面由建在玻璃底座上的达索大理石构成,外形简洁大方,呈半透明状。墙体立面的近景与远景皆呈现出透明与半透明的透视效果,特殊材质的组合使整个建筑充满动感。不规则的石材与规则透明的玻璃体取得了和谐的平衡。     

奥纳西思文学美术馆,雅典(希腊)

设计任务:包括一座可容纳1000人的歌剧院、一座可容纳200人的音乐厅、一间可容纳200人的露天阶梯教室,一个图书馆,一个餐厅,一个展览厅. 　　奥纳西斯文学美术馆由建在玻璃底座上的达索大理石构成,外形简洁大方、呈半透明状.墙体立面的近景与远景皆呈现出透明与半透明的透视效果,特殊的建材组合使整个建筑充满动感.不规则的实体石材与规则透明的玻璃体取得了和谐的平衡.……     

红砖迷情 芬兰赫尔辛基大学主图书馆

<正>芬兰赫尔辛基大学主图书馆,坐落于赫尔辛基城市中心古老的街区之内,这座图书馆的建成为众人提供了服务范畴更加广泛的空间,可以灵活应变,以迎合各种不同人群的阅读、学习需求。与此同时,这栋壮观建筑的落成为人们提供了通向新的信息时代的另一种途径。新的图书馆以经典的红砖为表皮,整个立面由透明的玻璃和具有典雅气息的红砖相结合,在整合了街区其他建筑的同时,又使该街区的面貌焕然一新。这虽然是赫尔辛基大学的主图书馆,     

广州大学图书馆中庭热环境测试分析

采用NEC红外热像仪对全阴天及晴天两组工况下的广州大学图书馆中庭内围护结构温度进行测试。结果表明由于该中庭采用大面积的白玻璃,在夏季形成温室效应,人体感觉热且远离人体舒适区。指出广州地区高校图书馆中庭设计时应注意控制窗墙比及透明围护结构的热工性能,通过采取合理的外遮阳设计创造适宜的内部空间,避免形成温室效应。     

半透明的金属建筑表皮

透明的建筑表皮模糊了不透明与透明表皮之间的界线,丰富了建筑表皮的视觉效果.该文分析了半透明金属表皮不断变化的视觉特征,探讨了半透明金属表皮在过滤气候、创造复杂表皮、装饰旧建筑表皮和塑造光效果等方面的运用方法.     

钢拉索在工程实践中的应用

苏州大学图书馆中庭采用拉索大跨钢结构屋盖,屋面采用半透明和透明的玻璃,上层采用索膜结构。中庭顶部采用23根拉索悬挂一道箱形刚性钢环,拉索为主要受力构件,同时在刚性钢环梁与混凝土圈梁间设置型钢连梁,以平衡可能出现的风吸力,并作为玻璃顶的支承,同时也大大加强了钢环的整     

透明土及其在不同领域的新应用

结合透明土的研究现状,介绍了透明土的发展历程,从岩土工程性质、室内试验、实验设备与技术等方面,总结了其在不同领域的应用,有利于促进透明土技术的进一步发展。     

孔隙液体对玻璃砂透明土强度特性影响研究

玻璃砂透明土由一种玻璃砂(或称熔融石英砂)和与之折射率相一致的孔隙液体制配而成的新型人工合成透明土,为岩土工程可视化模型试验方法提供技术支撑。开展混合油、溴化钙溶液、蔗糖溶液以及纯净水等不同孔隙液体所制配成的透明土的三轴固结排水(CD)试验,分析该新型透明土材料的应力–应变关系曲线、体积变形等力学特性以及推导其邓肯–张模型参数。试验结果表明,不同孔隙液体所制配成的透明土试样力学特性规律相似、数值上有所差异;由蔗糖溶液制配成的透明土强度最大、由混合油制配成的透明土强度最小、由溴化钙溶液制配成的透明土强度值与水样熔融石英砂的强度相对更接近。     

多特蒙德市立图书馆，德国

建筑位于火车站边是多特蒙德市的标志之一当今的图书馆建筑都面临着个性丧失的危机这并不完全是由于新技术造成的它也来自于至今仍未被摆脱的源于19世纪的传统把图书馆看成是不能满足社会需要的静态的容器博塔的构思是突出图书馆的公共性他把建筑明确分成了两个部分建筑布局中包括一个方整的几乎完全用实墙面包围的线型体量和一个对面的透明的锥体局部内部是阅览室较大体量部分的立面上有竖长的开窗与立面的实墙形成了对比阅览室的外墙为双层玻璃其钢质骨架如同支撑马戏团大篷的构架一样靠顶杆的张力约束结构从室内空间可以看到两层楼中分布…     

横向流动土体作用下的群桩反应性状

借助FLAC3D程序,分析了基坑开挖后土体横向流动作用下坑内群桩的反应性状。研究了两桩、四桩、五桩、六桩群桩中基桩的反应性状,并与相同位置的单桩反应进行了比较,得到了受横向流动土体作用的群桩相互作用规律:桩基连线平行于边坡布置的两桩,相互影响并不明显;而在其它情况下,前排桩对后排桩遮拦、后排桩对前排桩阻挡,均使受影响的桩基内力分布改变,桩身最大变形量减小;受周围越多、越近桩基的影响,基桩的内力和变位减少得越多。根据桩间土体的成拱特征,定性解释了群桩相互作用的机理与规律,具体工程的现场量测结果也验证了此结论。     

Thermal comfort of people in the hot and humid area of China—impacts of season,climate, and thermal history

We conducted a climate chamber study on the thermal comfort of people in the hot and humid area of China. Sixty subjects from naturally ventilated buildings and buildings with split air conditioners participated in the study, and identical experiments were conducted in a climate chamber in both summer and winter. Psychological and physiological responses were observed over a wide range of conditions, and the impacts of season, climate, and thermal history on human thermal comfort were analyzed. Seasonal and climatic heat acclimatization was confirmed, but they were found to have no significant impacts on human thermal sensation and comfort. The outdoor thermal history was much less important than the indoor thermal history in regard to human thermal sensation, and the indoor thermal history in all seasons of a year played a key role in shaping the subjects' sensations in a wide range of thermal conditions. A warmer indoor thermal history in warm seasons produced a higher neutral temperature, a lower thermal sensitivity, and lower thermal sensations in warm conditions. The comfort and acceptable conditions were identified for people in the hot and humid area of China.     

四川国际网球中心会议中心预应力设计

四川国际网球中心会议中心为六层混凝土框架,部分钢结构的工程.因建筑功能要求,结构设计同时包括长度8.4 m的大悬挑梁,两跨跨度分别为16.8 m的等跨框架,主跨跨度为25.2 m的多跨框架梁,以及外挑长度为8.4 m的混凝土悬臂桁架.这几种不同的结构形式均采用了预应力技术,多种预应力结构形式的应用在同一工程中,具有一定的典型意义.介绍了设计的计算过程和构造处理措施,以及施工过程控制要求等.给出的预应力筋线型布置确定过程,及梁裂缝宽度复核方法等,可为今后类似工程的设计提供参考.     

A framework for managing organizations in complex environments

The complex environments of today’s markets makes managing organizations in complexity and turbulence a concern for senior managers, and necessitate developing a dynamic strategic framework to cope with complexity in managing organizations. This paper demonstrates a study that was conducted to value a structured set of management principles and sub-elements by a panel of experts to develop a conceptual framework to manage in complex and very high dynamic environments. The panel consisted of 22 senior level managers of grade “A” companies in the construction industry in Qatar State using a two-round Delphi technique. The study developed two frameworks. The first framework is for managing complexity in the construction sector. The second one is the primary general framework, which forms a basis for a generalized framework for other industries. This study participates in developing valuable management practices in complex environments to tackle uncertainty, unpredictability, disorder, rapid changes and non-linearity, which would be of great help for leaders, senior managers and practitioners who operate in complex environments.     

The destressability index methodology for the assessment of the likelihood of success of a large-scale confined destress blast in an underground mine pillar

This paper reviews the conditions associated with violent rock failure in underground mines, and measures that can alleviate or mitigate the effects of rockbursts. Within this context, this paper focuses on destress blasting as a technique for reducing ground stresses in a selected zone of a mine. In particular this paper addresses the issues associated with large-scale choked destress blasts in mine pillars. In this method large amounts of explosive energy are used, resulting in major damage being caused in the targeted area, as well as in a significant quantity of material being dislodged, this ejection resulting in some convergence of the walls, and, in turn, in a local destressing effect.This paper provides the framework for establishing the critical parameters that control the destress blasting process, and investigates the interactions between these parameters. This is achieved by means of the rock engineering systems (RES) methodology, a matrix-based process that allows one to quantify in a systematic manner the interaction between each pair of parameters known to play a role in an engineering process. This has led to the development of a novel empirical method to quantify the likelihood of success of a large-scale choked destress blast in an underground mine pillar, for a given rock mass condition and stress regime. This method, based upon the newly developed destressability index, has been applied to back-analyse a fully instrumented large-scale confined destress blast at Brunswick Mine, in Canada. This index ascertains whether a given situation is conducive to being destressed by means of a large-scale confined destress blast, and, if so, whether the design of the blast is appropriate to achieve this goal.     

Digital Ethnography as Planning Praxis: An Experiment with Film as Social Research,Community Engagement and Policy Dialogue

Stories and storytelling are part of a post-positivist paradigm of inquiry influenced by phenomenology, ethnography and narrative analysis, along with the evolution of visual methods in social research. New information and communication technologies today provide the opportunity to explore storytelling through multimedia, including video/filmmaking, in what we describe as digital ethnography. While there has been a tradition in the planning field of using film for advocacy purposes since the 1920s, we argue for a new direction informed by collaborative planning theory and situational ethics.

This paper reports on a three-year, three-stage research project in which we experimented with the use of film as a mode of inquiry, a form of meaning making, a way of knowing, and a means of provoking public dialogue around planning and policy issues (in this case, community development and the social integration of immigrants). We explored the expressive as well as analytical possibilities of film in conducting social research and provoking community engagement and dialogue, taking advantage of the aesthetic and involving dimensions of film as narrative. The research question was a socio-political one: how do immigrants become integrated into a specific social fabric, and how do they acquire a sense of belonging? The site of the research was a culturally diverse neighbourhood in the city of Vancouver, and the specific focus was a place-based local institution, the Collingwood Neighbourhood House. The paper concludes with critical reflections on the use of film in this research project, focusing on ethical issues, power relationships, insider/outsider dilemmas, and reciprocity.     

Reconstruction of the remembrance: Palace of Culture in Slantsy

Impressive public architecture has a power to influence and imbue a space with a legend and cultural and social values and accumulate collective memories. A Palace of Culture, or Dvorets Kul'tury in Russian, represents a socialist belief, commonwealth, and people's democracy. The monumental Stalinist Palace of Culture is a multifunctional public architecture that was built as a sociocultural epicenter in many Soviet cities. The case of the Palace of Culture in Slantsy, which is a mining town in Leningrad Region in Russia, may be an eloquent projection of this building type and its era. The edifice is currently under reconstruction after its abandonment for a long time, thereby entailing the reincarnation of citizens' memories and the creation of new hopes and experiences.     

Fire simulation in road tunnels

The catastrophic tunnel fires since the year 1999 and a series of accidents in some tunnels in the summer of 2001 triggered extensive discussions and proposals relating to tunnel safety. When a fire occurs in a tunnel, and in absence of sufficient air supply, large quantities of smoke are generated, filling the vehicles and any space available around them. Unless a strong flow is created and maintained, hot gases and smoke migrate in all directions. With a weak airflow, smoke forms a layer along the tunnel ceiling and can flow against the direction of forced ventilation, interfering with personal evacuation. This paper shows the results of a computer fire simulation in a tunnel and the results of this simulation: air velocity, air temperature and wall temperature in the case of fire. The simulation started before the emergency ventilation system is activated and continued with the fans activated to control the smoke.     

青岛城市总体发展规划——概念解析

根据青岛的区位优势和现状基础,其城市性质应该定位为半岛都市圈的中心城市、世界知名的海滨旅游度假城市、我国和亚太地区重要港口城市、作为人类家园的山水田园城市,最终发展成为有相当影响力的区域性国际城市.     

Use of diffusers materials to improve the homogeneity of sunlight under pergolas installed in road tunnels portals for energy savings

In spite of the benefits of shifting the threshold zone of road tunnels by means of pergolas, installed before their portal to save energy in the electrical lighting, the lack of uniformity in the road under these structures makes them a non accurate solution in terms of visual performance and, hence, road safety. In this work, a new solution, consisting on the introduction of a diffuser material in the spaces between beams of the pergola is proposed. The measurements and results in a scale mock-up, a computational simulation and the comparison with a theoretical model, as well as the potential impact in real tunnels are presented and analyzed.