OFDM系统中动态子信道和功率的分配

在分析一种多用户OFDM系统中自适应子信道和比特功率分配算法的基础上,根据多径频率选择性衰落信道的瞬时特性,动态地为多用户分配子信道和传输比特数,并服从MA优化准则.并且进一步考虑了系统中有固定速率用户和可变速率用户同时存在的情况:在子信道分配时,先给固定速率的用户分配子信道,再给可变速率用户按照子信道链路增益最大化分配剩余的子信道;在信号发射功率分配上,按照"注水"法则分配,链路增益大的子信道分配的功率大,链路增益小的子信道分配的功率小,则系统的目标函数,总传输速率可以达到最大.仿真证明了此方案优于一般的方案.     

考虑用户优先级的OFDMA下行链路自适应子载波分配

针对OFDMA下行链路系统,在总功率以及用户数据速率成比例的约束下,以获取整个系统容量极大化为准则,提出一种考虑用户优先级的自适应子载波分配算法.该算法初始分配时允许每个用户根据用户数据速率的相对比例以及自己的信道状态在所有子载波上独立的进行最优选择,当出现多个用户同时选择一个子载波,即出现冲突时,由平均信道增益的大小来决定用户选择该子载波的优先级.文中分别研究了平均信道增益大者为高优先级以及平均信道增益小者为高优先级的两种冲突解决办法,仿真结果表明,由平均信道增益小的用户来优先选择冲突子载波的算法综合考虑了公平性和频谱效率,与系统容量上限相比,性能损失较小,复杂度低,速度快,能够满足实时要求.     

协作系统中基于比例公平的资源分配方法

针对多用户协作中继系统中的资源分配问题,提出了一种在满足用户速率比例公平约束条件下的新算法。该算法先将由2个时隙组成的中继用户传输链路转换为一个等效信道链路,将涉及子载波分配、中继选择和功率分配的组合优化问题转化为分步的次优化问题。该算法在等功率分配情况下,根据各用户速率比例公平系数进行初步子载波数目分配;以瞬时信道增益最佳原则,进行剩余子载波数目分配及具体子载波分配,同时完成中继选择;在速率比例公平约束条件下推导出次优化功率分配的闭式表达式,从而完成各子载波上的功率分配。仿真结果表明,该算法在有效提高系统容量的同时,保证了各用户速率之间的比例公平性。     

基于子载波配对的多用户协作中继系统资源分配算法

针对多用户协作中继系统中的功率最小化问题,提出了一种基于联合子载波配对及分配的资源分配算法。首先根据不同用户的目标速率要求及平均信道增益进行子载波数目的分配;然后以信道条件最佳为准则,提出了一种联合子载波配对及分配的多用户迭代算法,以实现对每个用户的中继链路和直传链路分别进行子载波配对及虚拟配对;最后利用注水算法对子载波进行功率分配,从而保证各用户以最小功率进行传输。仿真结果表明,该算法在满足用户目标速率的情况下,能够进行有效的子载波配对及分配,从而最小化系统的发射功率。     

一种低复杂度基于公平性的MIMO-OFDMA资源分配方案

该文针对MIMO-OFDMA下行链路系统,考虑在总功率和BER 以及用户数据速率成比例的约束下,以获取整个系统吞吐量极大化为准则,提出一种基于成比例公平性约束的资源分配方案。新的方案基于MIMO信道状态信息,利用特征子信道来确定子载波和功率分配,充分利用了空间域,频域以及多用户分集提高系统的频谱效率。在子载波分配时,松弛成比例约束条件,使用户数据速率近似地成比例于每个用户分配的子载波数,推导出一种线性的不需要迭代的低复杂度的功率分配方案。仿真和分析表明,整个方案在保证系统吞吐量的前提下,取得了用户间良好的速率公平性,同时又具有较低的计算复杂度。     

一种低反馈开销多用户MIMO-OFDM系统功率最小化方案

该文利用凸规划理论中的库恩-塔克条件,为基于TCM编码的多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中实时业务资源优化问题提出了一种低反馈开销的功率最小化方案。该方案首先设计速率、功率和等效信道量化门限的码本,然后根据当前的信道状态信息分配子载波并对等效信道增益量化,最后基站给用户广播资源分配结果。仿真结果表明:相比其它方案,该文提出的方案有效降低系统能耗并且具有反馈开销低的特点。     

一种能量有效的多用户OFDM资源分配方案

在无线环境下,随着用户数的增加和速率需求的提高,基站能量消耗越来越大。因此,无线网络中能量有效化的设计变得非常必要。本文研究了一种能量有效的多用户OFDM下行链路的资源分配方案。利用分布式方式,首先根据用户的平均信道增益和最低用户比特要求,结合提出的能量有效准则思想分配子载波数;然后按照各用户分配的子载波数分配信道条件较好的信道;再对每个用户所分配的信道按照最低比特要求平均分配比特数,并利用能量有效准则做最优调整,保证功率最小。仿真结果表明,在满足各用户的误比特率及速率要求的条件下,提出的算法与静态的频分多址资源分配方式相比,功率可减小5～6 dB;同时与已有的一种经典分布式算法相比,功率可减小2～4 dB。     

Two-way中继系统协作节点选择及功率分配策略

为了提高Two-way中继系统总速率,该文提出了一种Two-way AF中继系统的双向中继选择(BRS)策略,该策略通过联合考虑中继节点处的接收信噪比和中继节点到目的节点间的信道增益,实现了最优中继选择。进一步,在最优中继基础上提出了Two-way中继系统两种优化功率分配策略:(1)基于凸优化的功率分配策略(OPA-CO);(2)基于信道增益差异的优化功率分配策略(OPA-DCG)。方案(1)提出了总功率受限的条件下最大化Two-way中继系统总速率的优化模型;方案(2)通过考虑链路之间信道增益的不同,提出了一种速率增量最大化的数学优化模型,为降低求解凸优化模型的复杂度,采用一种迭代功率分配算法求解上述优化模型。仿真结果证明两种策略均能提高系统总速率。     

多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中的子信道与功率分配算法研究

针对多用户MIMO-OFDM系统下行链路,分析了通过遍历搜索来使容量最大化的最优子信道与功率分配算法,在此基础上提出了低复杂度的次优多用户子信道与功率分配算法,即MSPA算法。为了最大限度地保证用户之间的公平性,进一步提出了考虑每个用户速率要求的MSPA-RoU算法。仿真结果表明：本文提出的MSPA算法在复杂度可接受的情况下所获得的容量增益与最优算法十分接近,并且远远大于在MIMO环境下仅对子载波进行分配的算法;MSPA-RoU算法在考虑用户速率要求时仍能获得可观的容量增益。     

多用户MIMO—OFDM系统低复杂度资源分配算法研究

在MIMO-OFDM系统下行链路下提出了一种低复杂度的子载波和功率分配算法,为了在满足用户QoS需求的情况下,最小化用户的发射功率,本文算法将子载波分配给在所有子信道上具有最大增益的用户。仿真结果显示所提算法在复杂度和性能都优于以前的算法。     

一种用于离散比特分配的改进注水算法

该文针对OFDM系统的离散比特分配问题,提出一种改进的注水算法。该算法的实现借助于文中定义的比特水线分配给某个子载波的功率直接满足整数比特约束的注水线。先用最大信道增益子载波的比特水线进行离散比特分配,再调整分配结果以满足总发射功率约束。理论证明和分析显示,该算法能实现最优比特分配,运算复杂度仅与子载波数量有关。     

Exponential companding technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear companding technique, called "exponential companding", is proposed to reduce the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Unlike the /spl mu/-law companding scheme, which enlarges only small signals so that increases the average power, the schemes based on exponential companding technique adjust both large and small signals and can keep the average power at the same level. By transforming the original OFDM signals into uniformly distributed signals (with a specific degree), the exponential companding schemes can effectively reduce PAPR for different modulation formats and sub-carrier sizes. Moreover, many PAPR reduction schemes, such as /spl mu/-law companding scheme, cause spectrum side-lobes generation, but the exponential companding schemes cause less spectrum side-lobes. Computer simulations, which consider a baseband OFDM system with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and a Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA), show that the proposed exponential companding schemes can offer better PAPR reduction, Bit Error Rate (BER), and phase error performance than the /spl mu/-law companding scheme.     

一种基于无线多媒体业务的可升降级QoS动态带宽分配与优化策略

无线多媒体网络中的业务包括话音、流媒体、交互类和背景类业务4种,除话音业务外其余3种业务都是可变比特速率业务。对该网络用户资源分配(主要是带宽的分配)若采用传统的固定分配方法,必定陷入资源利用率低下和用户QoS得不到保障的两难境地。该文提出了一种基于无线多媒体业务的动态带宽分配与优化策略,在保证用户QoS的前提下,尽可能提高资源利用率。该文分别从网络和用户两个角度考虑,通过系统容量、业务阻塞率、数据延迟、流媒体的实际传输比和VBR业务综合服务等级等参数,对可升降级QoS无线多媒体网络进行了仿真分析,结果表明,对比传统的网络资源管理策略,该策略大大改善了系统的性能,提高了系统资源利用率。     

A multiple access scheme for multimedia traffic in wireless ATM

This paper proposes a multiple access scheme for the forthcoming wireless ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) system. Such ATM compatible wireless systems are motivated by the rapidly increasing demand for wireless extensions to broadband networks, which are expected to support mixed broadband services including Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VBR), and Available Bit Rate (ABR) traffic. Since these different traffics have very different performance requirements, the multiple access scheme design is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a multiple access scheme called Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access with Piggybacked Reservation (DTDMA/PR), attempting to achieve higher statistical multiplexing efficiency in the mixed VBR/CBR/ABR traffic scenario. The basic idea is to exploit two levels of reservation. The first level deals with the isochronous nature of CBR and VBR traffic and the bursty nature of ABR traffic by using the ALOHA reservation procedure. The second level exploits the piggybacked reservation approach to cope with the dynamic feature of VBR traffic in order to increase the multiplexing efficiency. An analytical model is also developed in this paper and verified by simulation. Numerical examples are given to gain some insight into the protocol itself.     

Power control and spreading sequence allocation in a CDMA forward link

In this paper, we consider power control and sequence allocation to meet signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) targets for users in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) forward link. Particular attention is given to the case when the number of users is larger than the spreading gain. Users in the system are classified into two classes, namely, overfaded users and nonoverfaded users, according to their effective noise densities and SIR targets. Overfaded users are allocated orthogonal channels, and nonoverfaded users share the remaining channels. The spreading sequences allocated belong to the class of sequences which minimize the extended total squared correlation (ETSC). Power efficiency of this allocation scheme is examined through comparison to Lagrangian-based searching results. The proposed allocation scheme is shown to be effective under most channel conditions. Two adaptive algorithms are presented to construct the spreading sequences iteratively. One assumes fixed power allocation and adapts the sequences only, and the other adapts both transmission powers and sequences simultaneously. Convergence of the two adaptive algorithms and the performance of joint transmitter-receiver adaptation with imperfect real-time channel parameters estimation are examined via computer simulations.     

Utility-based adaptive radio resource allocation in OFDM wireless networks with traffic prioritization

In this letter, a joint transmit scheduling and dynamic sub-carrier and power allocation method is proposed to exploit multi-user diversity in downlink packet transmission in an OFDM wireless network with mixed real-time and non-real-time traffic patterns. To balance efficiency and fairness and to satisfy the QoS requirements of real-time users, we utilize a utility-based framework and propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem. The distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that it gives in one shot, the transmission scheduling, the sub-carriers assigned to each user, and the power allocated to each sub-carrier, based on a fair and efficient framework while satisfying the delay requirements of real-time users.     

OFDM闭环发射分集结合自适应功率分配

将自适应功率分配技术应用于多发送多接收天线正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统,如何在载波和天线间分配能量是个关键问题。该文提出:对不同发射天线的各个子载波采用闭环发射分集方案;接着再进行载波间的功率分配,该算法的目标是使误码率最小。文中用数学方法证明了此方案是使总误码率最小的最佳方案。仿真结果显示:在误码率取0.1%时,对于两根发射天线一根接收天线4个子载波的OFDM系统,与传统的将开环发射分集与OFDM相结合的算法相比,此算法能带来6.5dB的增益。     

On the interference management in wireless multi-user networks

A study on interference management schemes in wireless multi-user networks is presented. We analyze the interference management problem in cellular networks and show that interference management is an optimization problem, for which we propose a general formulation. Using this general formulations we show that different interference management approaches are either exact or approximated solutions to this optimization problem. For each radio resource management technique, we provide a general overview and discuss its relation vis-a-vie other interference management techniques. As a case study, we then apply the proposed general formulation on the interference management in OFDM wireless networks and show that it results in a joint transmit scheduling and dynamic sub-carrier and power allocation scheme. A polynomial-time heuristic algorithm is also proposed to solve the formulated optimization problem. The distinguishing feature of the proposed scheme is that it gives in one shot, the transmission scheduling, the sub-carriers assigned to each user, and the power allocated to each sub-carrier, based on a fair and efficient framework while satisfying the delay requirements of real-time users.     

Adaptive Subcarrier and Power Allocation with Fairness for Multi-user Space-Time Block-Coded OFDM System

This paper investigates the subcarrier and power allocation problems of multi-user space-time block coded OFDM based cellular systems. Based on the tradeoff between the number of assigned subcarriers and the amount of allocated power for users, a less complexity algorithm that separates subcarrier allocation and power allocation is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation algorithm can improve the capacity significantly compared with static FDMA fixed allocation algorithm and the MIMO-OFDMA scheme, and the more important thing is that it can make the capacity be distributed more fairly, very close to the ideal rate constraints, among users than the scheme which maximizes the system capacity only.     

OFDM中继系统中能效优化的资源联合分配算法

在协作正交频分复用系统中,合理的资源分配对于提高系统性能具有重要的意义。针对中继、子载波和功率的联合分配,对最大化系统能效为目标的分配算法进行研究,提出了一个最低容量限制下的最大能效次优化资源联合分配算法(JRAA,joint resource allocation algorithm)。该算法使用冲突图表示系统资源冲突关系,根据冲突图的最大独立集结果进行资源分配。经过仿真验证,该资源分配算法实现了中继一子载波和功率的联合分配,在能效性能方面优于现有的算法。