基于UML的项目客户关系管理系统面向对象设计

在项目管理中,项目客户关系管理是实现项目成功实施的重要环节。本文以交通项目为背景,把面向对象建模技术应用在其项目客户关系管理系统的建模设计过程中,使用可视化的统一建模语言UML对该系统进行了详细的分析和设计。     

Subdefinite mathematics and novel scheduling technology

Scheduling is one of corner stones of the engineering activity and the slowest in the development as well. There was no substantial progress here during the previous two decades: the present-day project manager software implements the same—quite inadequate—basic methods which were in use many years ago.In this paper we present a novel scheduling technology capable of transforming radically the whole practice in this area. Our technology is founded on a new, subdefinite, mathematics and advanced formal model of temporal information. It allows a principally new approach which solves many problems unsolvable at present and resolve a number of crucial bottlenecks in one's professional activity.The paper has three parts. In the first one we introduce the subdefinite formal apparatus allowing efficient processing of various data types under approximate values of the variables. The second part presents the Time-EX technology to deal successfully with scheduling problems on the basis of the subdefinite apparatus and an original formal model of time. The third part of the paper illustrates the function of the Time-EX by an example of scheduling a fragment of a new car designing process.     

The impact of risk attitude in new product development under dual information asymmetry

This paper investigates the impact of risk attitude on incentives and performances in a two-stage (research stage and development stage) new product development setting with one senior executive (she) and one project manager (he). The senior executive offers a wage contract to the project manager in the presence of dual information asymmetry including his unknown idea value of a new product in early research stage and unobservable effort to convert the idea into a product in later development stage. Due to the variability of technology and market, the subjective assessments about the idea value and the revenue generated by the product are characterized as uncertain variables. Within the framework of uncertainty theory, we first present four classes of uncertain principal agent models, and then derive their respective optimal wage contract mechanisms. We find that the structures of the senior executive’s optimal mechanisms depend on the project manager’s risk attitude. If the project manager becomes more conservative, the senior executive should set a low incentive term to avert risk. Otherwise, she should do the opposite. Moreover, we identify two values: the information value of the idea—how much the senior executive is willing to pay to acquire information regarding the project manager’s idea value, and the information value of the effort—how much the senior executive ensures to win when she can contract on the project manager’s effort. Our results show that acquiring the project manager’s idea information yields the highest potential when the project manager is aggressive, but in the case of contracting on his effort, the opposite appears to be true. The results also indicate that acquiring more information on an aggressive project manager’s idea always has higher impact on the senior executive’s profits than contracting on his effort. We also provide several interesting managerial insights in new product development through our analytical and simulation results.     

家居智能安全远程无线监控系统的设计

为实现对家居环境的远程和无线控制,提出了一种将无线通信技术与以太网接入技术整合进行家居环境安全智能监控的设计方案;该方案根据家居环境安全的实际需要,选用相应传感器进行环境变量的数据采集,利用无线射频通信方式进行数据传送;并通过以太网接口芯片ENC28J60实现以太网接入,达到对整个家居环境安全进行远程监控的目的;文中介绍了该系统的硬件结构及软件设计流程,阐述了本方案的具体应用;经与远程终端的联通测试,表明该系统能够实现Ping通及接入以太网,从而满足设计需要.     

Evaluating intelligent knowledge systems: experiences with a user-adaptive assistant agent

This article examines experiences in evaluating a user-adaptive personal assistant agent designed to assist a busy knowledge worker in time management. We examine the managerial and technical challenges of designing adequate evaluation and the tension of collecting adequate data without a fully functional, deployed system. The CALO project was a seminal multi-institution effort to develop a personalized cognitive assistant. It included a significant attempt to rigorously quantify learning capability, which this article discusses for the first time, and ultimately the project led to multiple spin-outs including Siri. Retrospection on negative and positive experiences over the 6 years of the project underscores best practice in evaluating user-adaptive systems. Lessons for knowledge system evaluation include: the interests of multiple stakeholders, early consideration of evaluation and deployment, layered evaluation at system and component levels, characteristics of technology and domains that determine the appropriateness of controlled evaluations, implications of ‘in-the-wild’ versus variations of ‘in-the-lab’ evaluation, and the effect of technology-enabled functionality and its impact upon existing tools and work practices. In the conclusion, we discuss—through the lessons illustrated from this case study of intelligent knowledge system evaluation—how development and infusion of innovative technology must be supported by adequate evaluation of its efficacy.     

Advances towards high‐resolution pack‐and‐go displays: A survey

Abstract— Tiled displays provide high resolution and large scale simultaneously. Projectors can project on any available surface. Thus, it is possible to create a large high‐resolution display by simply tiling multiple projectors on any available regular surface. The tremendous advancement in projection technology has made projectors portable and affordable. One can envision displays made of multiple such projectors that can be packed in one's car trunk, carried from one location to another, deployed at each location easily to create a seamless high‐resolution display, and, finally, dismantled in minutes to be taken to the next location — essentially a pack‐and‐go display. Several challenges must be overcome in order to realize such pack‐and‐go displays. These include allowing for imperfect uncalibrated devices, uneven non‐diffused display surfaces, and a layman user via complete automation in deployment that requires no user invention. We described the advances we have made in addressing these challenges for the most common case of planar display surfaces. First, we present a technique to allow imperfect projectors. Next, we present a technique to allow a photometrically uncalibrated camera. Finally, we present a novel distributed architecture that renders critical display capabilities such as self‐calibration, scalability, and reconfigurability without any user intervention. These advances are important milestones towards the development of easy‐to‐use multi‐projector displays that can be deployed anywhere and by anyone.     

The effect of process tailoring on software project performance: The role of team absorptive capacity and its knowledge‐based enablers

Software process tailoring (SPT) is a team‐based and learning‐intensive activity that addresses the particular dynamic characteristics of a development project. Because SPT critically influences how projects are conducted, its performance should be investigated. However, the extant literature lacks empirical evidence on how the underlying effects of SPT performance and its team‐supportive factors operate and influence software project performance. From the knowledge perspective, this study adopts dynamic capabilities theory and considers the learning ability and absorptive capacity of software project teams to develop a theoretical model to address this gap. The results of an empirical examination of the model with 135 software project teams advance our understanding of how team‐level learning antecedents—experience, communication quality and trust—dynamically facilitate teams' absorptive capacity (AC) when they conduct SPT, which in turn reinforces project performance. The mediating effects of the proposed model are unveiled and discussed, and theoretical implications as well as practical guidance for how AC and these factors promote SPT and project performance are suggested.     

Balanced IT-Decision-Card Ein Instrument für das Investitionscontrolling von IT-Projekten

Balanced IT Decision Card — An Instrument for Investment Controlling of IT Projects p]This paper introduces a Balanced IT Decision Card. It aims at overcoming the shortcomings of common decision making processes on large information technology (IT) projects. The investment decision should be based on an evaluation process that takes into account monetary and non-monetary measures. Given this infinite amount of data, decision makers need tools that present the important information in a simple and structured way. Therefore, this working paper makes use of the latest findings of cognition theory. Furthermore, the IT project must be integrated in the overall IT strategy, so that synergies with other IT projects can be realized. Following this argumentation, the Balanced Scorecard approach is adopted to control the investment process of IT projects.     

An exact method for scheduling of the alternative technologies in R&D projects

A fundamental challenge associated with research or new product development projects is identifying that innovative activity that will deliver success. In such projects, it is typically the case that innovative breakthroughs can be achieved by any of several possible alternative technologies, some of which may fail due to the technological risks involved. In some cases, the project payoff is obtained as soon as any single technology is completed successfully. We refer to such a project as alternative-technologies project and in this paper we consider the alternative-technologies project scheduling problem. We examine how to schedule alternative R&D activities in order to maximize the expected net present value, when each technology has a cost and a probability of failure. Although a branch-and-bound algorithm has been presented for this problem in the literature, we reformulate the problem and develop a new and improved branch-and-bound algorithm. We show using computational results that the new algorithm is much more efficient and outperforms the previous one.     

Multi‐wavelength image space: another Grid‐enabled science

We describe how the Grid enables new research possibilities in astronomy through multi‐wavelength images. To see sky images in the same pixel space, they must be projected to that space, a computer‐intensive process. There is thus a virtual data space induced that is defined by an image and the applied projection. This virtual data can be created and replicated with Planners and Replica catalog technology developed under the GriPhyN project. We plan to deploy our system (MONTAGE) on the U.S. Teragrid. Grid computing is also needed for ingesting data—computing background correction on each image—which forms a separate virtual data space. Multi‐wavelength images can be used for pushing source detection and statistics by an order of magnitude from current techniques; for optimization of multi‐wavelength image registration for detection and characterization of extended sources; and for detection of new classes of essentially multi‐wavelength astronomical phenomena. The paper discusses both the Grid architecture and the scientific goals. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discriminating Conduct: Deploying Systems to Support Awareness in Organizations

Alongside the emergence of the use of fieldwork studies for design there has been a discussion on how best these studies can inform system development. Concerns have been expressed as to whether their most appropriate contribution is a list of requirements or design recommendations. This article explores a recurrent issue that has emerged from fieldwork studies in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, awareness, and with respect to a particular system development project discusses some of the implications for the development and deployment of one particular kind of technology—image recognition systems—in particular, organizational settings. In the setting in question—surveillance centers or operations rooms—staff utilize a range of practices to maintain awareness. Rather than extending field studies so that they can better assist design, it may be considered how workplace studies can contribute to a respecification of key concepts, like awareness, that are critical to an understanding of how technologies are used and deployed in everyday environments.     

Theorem proving in technology transfer: the user’s point of view

The aim of this paper is to discuss the potentials, problems and critical factors for the industrial usage of mechanized theorem proving. The approach followed in this paper is somehow unusual. The starting point is the results of an industrial project whose goal was the assessment of the state of the art of provers (and of tools supporting formal methods in general). We describe the project results in terms of evaluation criteria, classification of technologies and tools and critical factors for industrial take-up. We present the results of the assessment in the same spirit, the same kind of analysis and even the same terminology which were used in the presentations and in the deliverables of the project. This should result in a presentation of a “different view” of the problem of technology transfer in theorem proving, that we call the “user’s point of view”. In this way, we hope to give a new perspective in the discussion of the industrial take-up of the theorem proving technology.     

Delaunay三角网剖分中的约束边嵌入算法

约束边嵌入是解决D-三角网转变为CD-三角网的一种非常有效的方法，而CD-三角网才能真实地虚拟地形地貌。该文研究了约束边嵌入D-三角网的问题，介绍了约束边嵌入算法的一些基本概念，分析了现存算法的特点，提出了改进的约束边嵌入算法——“插入－交换”算法。该算法能有效地处理各种特殊情况，程序实现简单，符合工程需求。     

Designer®—Intelligent expert system for intelligent manufacturing systems design

This survey on expert systems activities and trends in Yugoslavia offers some results already obtained in the domain of manufacturing science and technology. In the scope of a long-term research project “Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)—Theory and Application” a Designer® Intelligent Expert System for mafacturing engineering has been proposed and partially developed. Designer® IES is based on new developed knowledge automata theory enhanced with cellular automata concept. Induction learning by analogy and Quasimorphism knowledge mapping from real world to model world is used to generate a reasoning structure. The Intelligent Expert System is divided into three main subsystems, with a very large knowledge base:

• •Product designer
• •Process Designer, and
• •Production Planning and Control Designer.

All these segments were developed in pilot versions of expert systems for specific groups of activities inside each of these three domains.     

煤矿超市化物料管理系统的设计与实现

结合目前煤矿的信息化网络系统,文章介绍了一种超市化物料管理系统的设计,阐述了该系统的总体结构、系统功能及软件设计等。该系统使用最新的开发技术平台、应用最新的ASP.NET技术,通过超市化的刷卡操作来完成物料的收发,实现了物料管理的信息化。     

The motivation of information technology consultants: The struggle with social dimensions and identity

Increasingly, customer companies hire external information technology (IT) consultants, often on a special project basis. These consultants are employees of professional service firms, although they receive their assignments from the hiring companies, report to them, and are supervised by them. Using semistructured interviews with 12 IT consultants in Sweden, we examine the factors that influence their work motivation, including the effect of this dual allegiance—to the service firm and to the customer company. The data indicate that the primary motivators are the variety in tasks and the opportunity to influence and/or manage an entire project. Neither monetary incentives nor the consultancy firm norms are strong motivators. A factor that affects work behavior and motivation is the subordinate identity that IT consultants must assume with their powerful clients. The article concludes with practical suggestions for managers who seek to understand what motivates employees who work at a distance, under external control. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The TRiTS model: teacher roles in introducing digital technology into a school curriculum

The wide use of digital technology for educational purposes opens up some issues regarding its integration within the school curriculum. Our research aims to contribute to the current discussion about how mobile/portable technology can be integrated into formal education. In this perspective, we consider digital technology and media as a potential integral part of school activity that could effectively support educational achievement. However, the way in which it is applied by teachers in a real context can substantially change its impact on effective achievements. In our research, we extensively investigated the role of the teacher in using digital technology for stimulating and prompting classroom activities in class in-line with the school curriculum. In this paper, we first present a model that illustrates the roles of teachers in transforming digital technology as a resource for developing skills as required in educational curricula. The teacher role in introducing technology at school—TRiTS—model has been conceived by combining relevant literature and findings from a case study that we have been running in a primary school over the last 4 years. We then discuss the influence of the different teacher roles on students (their attitude and level of participation), as emerged from our study.     

How universal are IT project success and failure factors? Evidence from Hungary

This article examines the universality of IT project failure factors and project manager characteristics for success — considering national cultural context, gender, experience and time. Based on a survey of 124 Hungarian IT professionals the comparative analysis concludes that stakeholder management, top management support and planning are the most critical factors of failure, whereas project managers with outstanding communication and change management skills are expected to excel — in Hungary and in the US as well.