高掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体长期水化碱环境的变化

通过测试2组水胶比和5种粉煤灰掺量水泥浆体不同龄期的粉煤灰水化反应程度、Ca(OH)2含量、孔隙液的pH值和碱金属离子的变化,探讨了高掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体长期水化碱环境的稳定性.结果显示:粉煤灰长龄期的水化反应程度较低,其掺量(质量分数)小于60%时,不能完全消耗水泥水化所产生的Ca(OH)2,而Ca(OH)2对水泥浆体孔隙液碱度起维持作用,在整个碱环境稳定时,水泥浆体中未溶解的Ca(OH)2对碱环境无直接影响.     

粉煤灰在混凝土和砂浆中的作用及其掺量标准

1粉煤灰的性质及其在混凝土、砂浆中的作用1.1粉煤灰的活性效应是指混凝土(砂浆)中粉煤灰的活性成分(如SiO2、Al2O3等)所产生的化学反应,也称火山灰效应。粉煤灰的活性主要的指火山灰物质参与石灰,水泥矿物以及硅酸盐水泥之间水化反应的能力,即粉煤灰中的活性SiO2、Al2O3成分与石灰CaO、水泥与水拌和后析出的石灰Ca(OH)2之间进行化学反应的能力。粉煤灰的活性效应有利于吸纳水泥浆体一集料界面区富集的Ca(OH)2,同时活性反应物CSH凝胶还可以填充界面区孔隙,从而改善了水泥浆体一集料界面结构。由于在常温下,粉煤灰的水化反应比水泥慢…     

低钙粉煤灰粒度对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能与水化性能的影响

为了实现粉煤灰的高效利用,通过旋风分级机将原状粉煤灰分成D_(50)=5.06μm、15.63μm、35.01μm三个不同的粒度区间。不同粒度粉煤灰按照0、10%、20%和30%替代硅酸盐水泥。研究了粉煤灰粒度对水泥胶砂强度和水化性能的影响。结果表明,随着粉煤灰粒径的减小,粉煤灰水泥的各龄期强度都逐渐增加,掺入适量细粒度粉煤灰,水泥各龄期胶砂强度超过了硅酸盐水泥;粉煤灰水泥的水化放热速率和累积放热量都低于硅酸盐水泥,随着粉煤灰粒径的减小,粉煤灰水泥的水化放热速率和累积放热量增加。3d龄期时,粉煤灰水泥浆体Ca(OH)_2峰强度与硅酸盐水泥几乎相同;60d龄期时,随着粉煤灰颗粒粒径的减小,粉煤灰水泥浆体Ca(OH)_2峰的强度明显减小;SEMEDS分析表明,细粒度区间的粉煤灰水泥浆体比粗粒度区间的粉煤灰水泥浆体具有更致密的浆体结构且粉煤灰颗粒水化生成的是一种低Ca/Si的C-S-H凝胶。     

钢渣掺合料对水泥基材料渗流结构的影响

对不同掺量的钢渣掺入水泥浆体后引起的渗流结构变化进行了研究。并与掺入矿渣或粉煤灰的水泥浆体渗流结构进行了比较．结果表明：钢渣的掺入有助于提高水泥浆体的水化速率和密实度;与掺矿渣或粉煤灰的水泥基材料相比,当钢渣掺量为30％(质量分数)时,掺钢渣水泥基材料有着更高的密实度和更好的后期性能．     

硫铝酸盐水泥水化反应的表观活化能计算

基于Arrhenius公式,通过测定不同养护温度(20,30,40,50℃)下硫铝酸盐水泥浆体的水化热,利用指数法和线性双曲法分别计算其水化反应的表观活化能,同时研究了硅灰和高钙粉煤灰对硫铝酸盐水泥水化反应表观活化能的影响.结果表明:采用指数法和线性双曲法计算得出的硫铝酸盐水泥水化反应的表观活化能分别为45.54,55.44kJ·mol-1;在所测试的所有试样中,采用指数法计算所得的表观活化能均低于采用线性双曲法计算所得之值;采用2.5%,5.0%硅灰或40.0%高钙粉煤灰等质量替代水泥后,硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系的表观活化能增大,但以20.0%高钙粉煤灰等质量替代水泥后,该体系的表观活化能降低.     

粉煤灰对水泥浆体孔结构的影响

粉煤灰具有填充和活性效应 ,可赋予高掺量粉煤灰混凝土一系列优良性能 ,如良好的抗氯离子渗透 ,抑制碱集料反应等特性。粉煤灰品质、水胶比、掺量等对高掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体孔结构有重要影响。本文通过压汞法对高掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体的孔结构进行研究。１试验材料（１）水泥 :葛州坝工程局水泥厂生产的５２５号中热硅酸盐水泥 ,各项指标符合国家标准。（２）粉煤灰 :重庆热电厂的Ⅰ级低钙灰 ,其性能见表１。（３）外加剂 :ＳＡ -１高效减水剂 ,粉煤灰活性激发剂ＳＡ -１ -１。２配合比及试验结果试验配合比见表２ ,按标准稠度分别配制试件。不…     

无碱液体水泥速凝剂的性能及其促凝机理

采用宏微观试验方法,研究无碱液态水泥速凝剂对水泥基材料的性能影响及其水化机理。结果表明:无碱液体速凝剂对水泥水化作用主要体现在1 d之内,水泥水化28 d时几乎不起作用;掺加6%速凝剂1 h水泥净浆硬化体有较多棒状AFt晶体形成,这些AFt晶体互相交错,填充在水泥浆体的孔隙中,使水泥净浆结构比基准水泥净浆结构更致密,使得其早期强度更高;无碱液体速凝剂的促凝机理主要是促进早期水泥浆体中AFt晶体的形成而达到促凝;SEM照片显示,生成的AFt是通过液相化学反应-沉淀析出途径生成,AFt晶体呈短柱状、随机取向,无序分布于整个硬化体空间,与基准水泥浆体形成的AFt途径完全不同,这可能是导致水泥浆体快速凝结及强度提高的主要原因。     

减水剂在粉煤灰水泥浆体中的吸附及其流变性能影响

针对减水剂—粉煤灰体系的相互作用与分散特性开展研究,通过采用不同性质的粉煤灰和减水剂,研究了减水剂在水泥等胶凝颗粒上的吸附量、zeta电位等界面化学性质,并且测定了不同系统的屈服应力和塑性黏度等流变特性,建立了减水剂吸附量、zeta电位和水泥浆体流变参数之间的关系。试验结果表明:高效减水剂在粉煤灰颗粒表面的吸附规律与水泥颗粒完全不同。由于粉煤灰颗粒较为光滑并且表面动电位为负值,因此对高效减水剂的吸附能力较弱,其吸附能力随粉煤灰密度和颗粒大小差异较大。对于粉煤灰水泥浆体,其流变参数变化与减水剂吸附量关系较小,主要受粉煤灰技术性质的影响。由于粉煤灰表面动电位绝对值远高于掺入减水剂的硅酸盐水泥颗粒表面动电位绝对值,因此其自身具有颗粒分散趋势,及粉煤灰颗粒自身具有增加水泥浆体流动能力的能力。硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰颗粒吸附萘系减水剂的能力大于吸附聚羧酸盐减水剂的能力。     

粉煤灰的表面改性及其对水泥浆体强度和干燥收缩的影响

用超细石灰石通过煅烧对粉煤灰进行表面改性,使粉煤灰表面生成具有活性的硅酸盐矿物,增加参与早期水化的胶凝材料量,从而提高粉煤灰的活性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等现代分析方法对改性粉煤灰样品进行表征,并且对掺改性粉煤灰水泥浆体进行强度和体积变形试验。研究结果表明:改性粉煤灰表面生成了钙黄长石等钙铝硅酸盐;与掺未改性粉煤灰的水泥浆体相比,表面改性粉煤灰改善了粉煤灰与水泥浆体之间的界面结构,提高了掺表面改性粉煤灰水泥浆体的早期强度,并降低其干燥收缩;用30%石灰石进行改性的粉煤灰比用20%石灰石的改性效果好,单位强度干燥收缩小。     

单掺及复掺胶凝体系中石灰石粉的作用机理

对石灰石粉、粉煤灰、石灰石粉-粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料体系进行了胶砂强度试验,并采用XRD、DSC-TG和MIP微观测试技术。结果表明,相同掺量条件下,掺石灰石粉的胶砂强度低于掺粉煤灰的胶砂强度,尤其是在后期,表明粉煤灰的活性高于石灰石的活性;单掺石灰石粉、复掺石灰石粉和粉煤灰的水泥浆体水化产物成分基本相同,主要为Ca(OH)_2、水化硅酸钙和钙矾石;水化反应早期,粉煤灰参与二次水化反应程度较低,后期则有大量粉煤灰与Ca(OH)_2发生了二次水化反应,而石灰石灰石粉在水化后期也几乎没有参与二次水化反应;石灰石灰石粉掺量越大,水泥浆体平均孔径和孔隙率越高;石灰石粉在水化体系中主要起惰性填充作用。     

几种化学物质对粉煤灰水泥活性激发效果

借助于水泥砂浆试样的抗压强度跟踪测试,考察了几种无机化学物质对粉煤灰水泥的活性激发效果,同时借助于对水泥硬化体样品的XRD测试和SEM观察,深入通探讨了添加激发剂的粉煤灰水泥硬化体的水化产物和微观结构特征。试验结果表明:激发剂显著促进了粉煤灰水泥的活性激发,尤其是早期活性,水泥强度显著提高;XRD测试和SEM观察也表明,与空白样品相比,掺加激发剂的粉煤灰水泥硬化体明显表现出致密化的结构特征,粉煤灰颗粒表面趋向于粗糙化;Ca(OH)2衍射峰和石英衍射峰明显减弱,表明在激发剂作用下粉煤灰中的活性成分与水泥水化放出的Ca(OH)2之间化学反应得到了加剧。     

Modeling of hydration kinetics in cement based materials considering the effects of curing temperature and applied pressure

Portland cement is the most widely used cement in the world. In the industrial by-products suitable for use as mineral admixtures in Portland concrete are ashes produced from the combustion of coal and granulated slag in metal industries. However, comparing such ashes with Portland cement, determining the hydration of this concrete is much more complex because of the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag. In this paper, the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of mineral admixtures are considered in order to develop a numerical model for simulating the hydration of concrete, which contains fly ash or slag. The proposed numerical model includes the effects of water to binder ratios, slag or fly ash replacement ratios, curing temperature, and applied pressure. The heat evolution rate of fly ash- or slag-blended concrete is determined by the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of mineral admixtures. Furthermore, an adiabatic temperature rise in hardened blended concrete is evaluated based on the degree of hydration of the cement and mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified through experimental data obtained from the concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios at elevated temperature and high pressure.     

粉煤灰对水泥浆体化学收缩的影响

水泥水化反应引起的化学收缩会引起砂浆及混凝土的体积变化，可能会导致收缩裂缝的产生。粉煤灰的掺入在一定程度上可减少化学收缩。本文通过一些试验研究所得数据论证了随粉煤灰掺量的增多，化学收缩随之减小，而随细度增加，水泥浆体化学收缩随之略有增大。并通过强度检测验证了测定的化学收缩可间接反映水泥的水化程度。     

蒸养条件下水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能研究

通过测定不同龄期净浆的化学结合水量和抗压强度,并结合SEM,研究在蒸养条件下粉煤灰掺量、细度对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。试验结果表明:蒸养条件提高了水泥粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化速度,同时也提高了粉煤灰的活性;蒸养条件下,粉煤灰的细度对水泥粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的早期水化没有显著影响,其后期水化速度随粉煤灰细度的增加而增加;粉煤灰掺量的增加,降低了其早期水化速度,掺入适量的粉煤灰其后期水化程度可以超过纯水泥的水化程度;粉煤灰的掺入有利于水泥的水化,且水泥的水化速度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加。     

粉煤灰、矿渣对水泥水化热的影响

研究了不同水灰比硅酸盐水泥净浆的水化放热过程,以及用粉煤灰、矿渣粉配制成的混合水泥的水化放热过程,并研究了硅酸盐水泥和混合水泥的强度发展规律.试验结果表明:用粉煤灰、矿渣粉等量取代部分水泥,胶凝材料的水化热比硅酸盐水泥的水化热要低,但降低的幅度不完全与粉煤灰、矿渣粉的掺量成比例.单从降低胶凝材料水化热的角度看.掺粉煤灰的效果最好,掺矿渣粉的效果次之.强度试验结果表明,用粉煤灰和矿渣取代部分水泥的试件比同水灰比的水泥净浆试件的早期抗压强度小,但是后期强度增加快,从28 d强度看还是不及纯水泥净浆的强度.     

Effect of fly ash fineness on microstructure of blended cement paste

This research demonstrates the effect of fly ash fineness on pore size and microstructure of hardened blended cement pastes. Two sizes of fly ash, original fly ash and classified fly ash were used to replace Portland cement type I paste. Test results indicated that the pore sizes of hardened blended cement paste were significantly affected by the rate of replacement and the fineness of fly ash. The replacement of cement by original fly ash decreased the pore sizes of blended cement paste and the incorporation of classified fly ash resulted in a further decrease in the pore sizes of blended cement paste. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the blended cement paste with classified fly ash was more effective at reducing the intensity of Ca(OH)₂ than that with the original fly ash. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed that the hardened blended cement paste containing finer fly ash produced a denser structure than the one containing coarser fly ash.     

Modelling of carbonation of PC and blended cement concrete

Presented herein is a numerical model to predict the carbonation depth of Portland cement (PC) and blended cement concrete under a wide range of environmental conditions. The improved model for hydration of PC and activity of blended cement is proposed and used in this carbonation model. This carbonation model can be used for concrete made of silica fume, fly ash and slag with various chemical composition and particle size distribution. The saturation degree of concrete during carbonation process and the preconditioning before accelerated carbonation test were also considered to improve the ability of the model to predict the carbonation depth of concrete under natural condition or an accelerated condition. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

A model for predicting the carbonation depth of concrete containing low-calcium fly ash

Low-calcium fly ash (FL) is a general product from the combustion of anthracite and bituminous coals and has been widely used as a mineral admixture to produce high strength and high performance concrete. Carbonation of cement blended with fly ash is much more complex than ordinary Portland cement because of the pozzolanic activity in an aluminosilicate glass phase of fly ash. In this paper, based on multi-component concept, a numerical model that can predict carbonation of low-calcium fly ash contained concrete was built. This numerical model includes two parts: hydration and carbonation models. The hydration model starts with a mix proportion of concrete and considers both Portland cement hydration and pozzolanic activity. By applying a hydration model, the amount of hydration product that is susceptible to carbonate as well as porosity was obtained as a function of curing age. Furthermore, the diffusivity of CO₂ in concrete was determined and the carbonation depth of concrete was also predicted. The prediction results showed good agreement for the results of the experiment performed in this study.     

Ⅲ级粉煤灰与水泥浆体的微界面改性

采用电石渣对Ⅲ级粉煤灰进行高温煅烧改性,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和纳米划痕仪对改性Ⅲ级粉煤灰的矿物组成和表面形貌进行表征,研究了改性Ⅲ级粉煤灰的水化性能,对比分析了未改性和改性Ⅲ级粉煤灰与水泥浆体的微界面形貌和力学性能.结果表明:改性Ⅲ级粉煤灰表面生成了水化活性较好的β-C2S,其水化生成的C-S-H凝胶改善了Ⅲ级粉煤灰颗粒与水泥浆体的微界面,减少了微界面区的孔隙,提高了微界面的力学性能.