基于物理吸附的微孔储氢材料研究进展

介绍了氢能源的应用背景,总结了当前氢储存技术存在的问题,分析了微孔物理吸附材料,如金属有机骨架、沸石、碳基材料等,在储氢领域的应用现状以及研究进展,最后,对未来储氢材料的研究和发展进行了展望。     

基于物理吸附的炭基储氢材料研究进展

开发安全、高效、经济的储氢技术是氢能产业发展的关键因素。介绍了现有的储氢技术及其特点，重点分析和综述了几种基于物理吸附的炭基储氢材料的性能特点和研究进展，包括活性炭、活性碳纤维、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管和碳气凝胶，总结并展望了基于物理吸附的炭基储氢材料的发展趋势。     

多孔吸附储氢材料研究进展

综述了氢存储研究的重要性和国内外多孔吸附储氢材料的研究工作,对碳基多孔材料、纳米管材料、多孔矿物材料和金属有机物多孔材料在锗氢中的研究热点和存在问题进行了详细介绍,并对未来多孔吸附储氢材料的研究工作进行了展望。     

对甲醛污染的控制与治理的几点看法

本文介绍了治理室内甲醛污染的主要净化技术,包括物理吸附技术、催化技术、化学中和技术、空气负离子技术、臭氧氧化技术、常温催化氧化技术、生物技术、材料封闭技术等及其进展,并比较了各技术的优缺点.     

碳基吸附储氢材料

本文综述了活性炭、活性碳纤维、碳纳米纤维和碳纳米管的结构与储氢性能．活性炭只是在低温下才有好的吸附储氢性能,碳纳米材料吸附储氢对于工业应用还不成熟．活性碳纤维是一种可大规模生产且成本较低的微孔吸附材料,其作为储氢材料具有一定的工业前景．     

固体储氢材料的研究进展

氢的廉价制取、安全储运以及高效应用是目前氢能研究领域的重点,而安全、高效的氢储运是实现氢能规模化应用的技术关键,因此高容量固态储氢材料的研发具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。固体材料储氢因储氢密度大、安全系数高而成为最有前景的储氢技术,得到了研究者们的广泛关注。本文针对目前国内外固体储氢材料研究现状,论述了几种固体储氢材料的研究进展,包括物理吸附类储氢材料、金属基储氢材料、配位氢化物和水合物储氢材料。重点评述了固态储氢材料中最具发展潜力的镁基储氢材料,并阐述了合金化、纳米化、添加催化剂以及复合轻金属配位氢化物等几种改性方法对镁基储氢材料储氢机理、微观结构、热力学性能、动力学性能的影响。制氢-储氢-用氢一体集成化设计应是固态储氢尤其是镁基储氢产业化应用发展道路,而镁基固态储运氢技术的发展,将可能实现氢气安全高效及大规模储运。     

储氢材料的研究现状与发展趋势

氢能可提供稳定、高效、无污染的动力,在电动汽车等领域有广阔的应用前景.但是氢能技术面临氢的规模制备、储存和运输等主要挑战.其关键是能否开发具有足够容量的储氢材料,将氢在温和条件下可控释放.现有储氢方式主要有物理储存和吸附、金属氢化物、化学氢化物等.本文综述了上述主要储氢方式的研究现状,并评价了未来最可能用于氢能规模利用...     

化学储氢研究进展

氢气作为一种高效、清洁的能量载体,被视为21世纪最具发展潜力的能源。氢的储存是氢能规模化应用的关键,相比于物理储氢,化学储氢更加高效安全。常用的化学储氢方式主要有金属氢化物、配位氢化物、有机液体氢化物等。本文综述了上述3种主要储氢方式的研究进展并指出存在的问题。金属氢化物中,如新近发现的多相R-Mg-Ni系储氢合金储氢量较高,价格低廉,但其仍存在过于稳定、加/脱氢动力学性能差等问题;配位氢化物含有丰富的轻金属元素,储氢密度较高,但存在可逆循环性能差的问题,限制了其应用;液体有机物储氢量高,还可以同汽油一样在常温常压下运输,且环己烷、苯等液体有机储氢介质均为工业上可以大规模生产的化学品,如果能开发出高稳定性、高转化率和高选择性的脱氢催化剂,将大幅度推动氢能规模化应用。     

固体储氢材料研究进展及展望

围绕物理吸附和化学吸附储氢材料制备及研究技术,总结归纳了碳基材料、有机多孔材料、氢化物材料、金属材料作为储氢材料的研究进展,对比分析了不同材料的储氢容量及优缺点,为固体储氢材料的应用提供了有效的分析数据。最后总结了固态储氢材料目前的技术难点,展望了该材料未来的发展方向。     

MOFs材料对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的吸附研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)严重危害人体健康和破坏生态环境,吸附技术是处理VOCs的有效技术之一,多孔材料是最常使用的脱除VOCs的吸附剂。金属有机骨架材料MOFs是一种新型的多孔骨架材料,由于具有巨大的比表面积和孔容,其在吸附方面的研究也日益引起人们的关注。系统调研了近年来MOFs材料吸附VOCs的研究进展,首先介绍了MOFs材料及其特点;其次分类详述了不同MOFs材料(MOF-5、MOF-177和MIL-101等)及其对典型VOCs的吸附性能;最后总结和展望了MOFs材料在吸附VOCs及其他有毒气体的应用前景。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。