采用间歇曝气改进AB工艺氮磷脱除的研究

连续流间歇曝气工艺是在对传统活性污泥法的改造中发展起来的一种工艺。笔者针对 AB法工艺氮磷脱除功能较弱的特点 ,提出了采用间歇曝气工艺改进 AB法工艺氮磷脱除功能的试验方案 ,并以 AB法工艺污水厂实际污水为研究对象进行了小试研究。由试验结果可以看出 ,连续流间歇曝气工艺简便易行 ,能明显提高氨氮和总氮的去除率 ,在碳源满足脱氮除磷要求的条件下 ,可达到良好的氮磷脱除效果     

有机碳源及溶解氧对污水脱氮除磷的影响

介绍了有机碳源、溶解氧对常用污水生物脱氮处理工艺（A2O,Carrousel氧化沟,SBR）的影响,指出反硝化除磷、间歇曝气、低氧脱氮除磷技术在处理低碳、高氮磷城市污水方面具有良好的发展前景。     

AB法工艺的水处理功能及其局限性

系统分析了 AB法工艺的原理、特点及其在脱氮除磷方面的局限性 ,对 AB法在脱氮除磷功能方面的强化进行了讨论     

乌鲁木齐河东污水厂的脱氮除磷运行效果分析

对乌鲁木齐河东污水处理厂AB工艺的实际脱氮除磷效果进行了监测分析。结果表明：AB工艺处理鸟鲁木齐城市污水的除磷效果优于脱氮效果，对TP的去除率平均为80％；A段对TN的去除率平均为44．7％，经过B段后NH4^＋—N含量升高，使AB工艺对TN的总去除率降至35．7％左右。A段厌氧污泥进入B段可以取得稳定的除磷效果，去除率平均为96．2％；B段污泥进入A段对AB工艺的脱氮除磷效果没有产生明显影响。B段出现NH4^＋-N升高的主要原因是该段的水力停留时间未达到硝化所需时间的要求。     

AB法及其除磷脱氮的探讨

介绍了AB的工艺流程并对AB法中的除磷、脱氮进行了探讨。     

CEPT-MBBR工艺处理低浓度生活污水的研究

随着环保标准的日益严格，脱氮除磷成为污水处理的必然发展趋势，因此开发低成本、高效率、运行管理简单的脱氮除磷工艺具有重要意义。对化学强化一级处理联合流动床生物反应器（CEPT-MBBR）的脱氮除磷效果进行了中试研究。结果表明，CEPT-MBBR工艺脱氮除磷效果可靠，出水水质好，它不仅适用于有脱氮除磷要求的新建污水处理厂，也适用于对现有污水处理厂的升级改造，应用前景广阔。     

从微生物学探讨生物除磷脱氮机理

从微生物学探讨生物除磷脱氮机理陈欣燕程晓如陈忠正（武汉工业大学）从微生物学方面探讨生物除磷脱氮法的机理，将有助于采取合理措施提高生物除磷脱氮的效率。生物除磷脱氮系统只有一个污泥系统，同时存在着分解有机物的异养菌群、反硝化菌群及硝化菌群，混合的微生物菌...     

改善MSBR系统脱氮效果的试验研究

MSBR工艺是连续流与序操作 相结合的新型生物脱氮除磷技术,由于它的后置反硝化设计,碳源不足制约了系统的脱氮效果。为了改善这种状况,进行了将部分原水分流至缺氧区的试验。结果表明：引入原水后,缺氧区的反硝化速率常数提高了一倍,系统的反硝化速率和脱氮率相应提高。与此同时,分流造成了厌氧区的碳源不 足,加之厌氧区的回流增加,引入了较多的硝酸盐,使磷的释放和过量吸收受到影响,除磷效果下降。另外,针对中间沉淀区暴露出的运行和设计问题提出了一些改进措施。     

采用AOA模式在SBR中实现同步脱氮除磷

借助SBR反应器,通过采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧（AOA）的运行方式来实现同步脱氮除磷.结果表明,在好氧段补充一定量的碳源可以抑制好氧吸磷,进而在缺氧段实现反硝化除磷,从而达到了同步脱氮除磷的目的.最佳碳源投量为30～40 mg/L,补充碳源负荷为12.8～17.2 mgCOD/gMLSS;长期运行时系统的脱氮除磷性能稳定,对TN和PO4^3- -P的平均去除率分别可达85.5%、91.4%,同时NO2^- -N可以作为反硝化聚磷菌吸磷的电子受体;在一个SBR周期内,pH值呈规律性变化并和氮、磷的吸收/释放相关联,通过监测pH值可以初步判断磷释放、氨氮转化和磷吸收的终点.     

A／ASBR中PHB转化与反硝化吸磷的关系研究

通过COD浓度对A／ASBR反硝化除磷脱氮系统的影响试验表明，过高或过低的COD都不利于反硝化除磷系统的正常运行，当COD=220～300mg／l时，可以获得较为理想的处理效果。发现了缺氧段残存的外碳源有机物和厌氧储存的胞内碳源PHB对反硝化除磷过程的影响；试验结果进一步表明以PHB为碳源的反硝化除磷过程中，PHB的消耗与反硝化除磷脱氮具有良好的相关关系，并且2mgNO3^--N的转化可以促进1mg PO4^3--P的吸收。     

改进AB工艺强化脱氮运行实践与分析

通过将少量A曝混和液不经沉淀直接引入B曝对AB工艺进行改进,使设计不具备脱氮能力的AB工艺在较短HRT(好氧区HRT:3~3.7 h)内获得62%~81%的硝化效率,出水氨氮低于15 mg/l,但由于碳源不足等原因系统反硝化效率没有明显提高.将B段剩余污泥排到A段曝气池,系统剩余污泥完全由A段排出,可起到对A段微生物接种等作用,还可以预防污泥在重力浓缩池内因发生反硝化反应而导致污泥上浮的隐患,污泥浓缩和脱水性能更好.     

同时硝化/反硝化除磷过程的控制策略研究

为实现同时硝化/反硝化除磷(SNDPR)过程,在SBR反应器内,采用模拟低碳源污水和厌氧-交替好氧/缺氧的运行方式对污泥进行培养驯化,成功实现了反硝化聚磷茵和硝化茵的良好共存.在此基础上,考察了厌氧/间歇曝气和厌氧/连续曝气两种模式下SNDPR工艺对污水的处理效果.结果表明,在上述两种模式下,系统对TP的去除率分别为92%和90%,对TN的去除率分别为83%和72%;厌氧/间歇曝气模式更有利于SNDPR工艺对低碳源污水的处理.另外,对电化学参数的研究表明,pH曲线上的"膝点"可近似预示SNDPR过程的结束,而ORP的变化范围及稳定性可预示SNDPR过程中硝化和反硝化除磷同时发生的平衡程度.     

曝气辅助海水化学沉淀法去除污泥脱水液中的氮、磷

利用海水为沉淀剂,以化学沉淀法去除污泥脱水液中的氮、磷,同时采用曝气方式提高溶液的pH值.考察了海水用量、曝气量、曝气时间、初始pH等因素对沉淀效果的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对生成的沉淀物进行表征.结果表明,应用曝气方式提高污泥脱水液的pH,辅助海水化学沉淀去除污泥脱水液中的氮、磷是可行的;适宜的工艺条件:海水与脱水液的混合比例为1:5,pH值为9～10,曝气量为4～6 L/min,曝气时间为30min,在此条件下对磷酸盐和氨氮的去除率分别达到92%和19%左右;沉淀物的主要成分是磷酸铵镁(MAP).     

高浓度氨氮生活污水对UCT工艺系统的影响及对策

研究了高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺的影响及相应对策。结果表明,采用UCT工艺处理高浓度氨氮城市生活污水,经过较长时间的污泥驯化和运行调节,系统能达到最佳运行状态,CODcrBOD5NH3-N、TN和TP去除率分别达到88．8％,97．2％,96．2％,85．7％和51．1％,TP需要进一步进行物化处理;UCT工艺的脱氮除磷效率较高,对高浓度氨氮城市生活污水基本可以达到理想的处理效果;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对活性污泥有明显的冲击,污泥驯化培养需要较长的时间;为提高系统的处理效率可增加好氧区的曝气量,但会对活性污泥产生明显的影响,使出水CODcr和SS含量偏高;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺脱氮除磷效果有明显的影响,好氧区停留时间、曝气量、硝化液回流比和碳源成为影响因素,可在这些方面加以调节。     

高负荷活性污泥处理技术及对脱氮除磷效果的研究

AB工艺是高负荷活性污泥处理技术,作为处理高浓度城市污水的有效方法,在BOD5、 COD、SS等常规项目的去除上有着较好的效果,但对NH3-N、T-P的去除效果不大.笔者结合 青岛市海泊河污水处理厂近10年的运行实践,阐述了高负荷活性污泥法在该厂的具体应用效果 及采取的改良工艺和措施.研究了AB工艺A段、B段处理效果的影响因素,论述了间曝法作为一 种改良工艺其脱氮除磷的效果.从理论、实验、实际运行管理上研讨了AB工艺的特点.     

Nitrogen removal from on-site treated anaerobic effluents using intermittently aerated moving bed biofilm reactors at low temperature

On-site post-treatment of anaerobically pre-treated dairy parlour wastewater (DPWWe; 10 degrees C) and mixture of kitchen waste and black water (BWKWe; 20 degrees C) was studied in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR). The focus was on removal of nitrogen and of residual chemical oxygen demand (COD). Moreover, the effect of intermittent aeration and continuous vs. sequencing batch operation was studied. All MBBRs removed 50-60% of nitrogen and 40-70% of total COD (CODt). Complete nitrification was achieved, but denitrification was restricted by lack of carbon. Nitrogen removal was achieved in a single reactor by applying intermittent aeration. Continuous and sequencing batch operation provided similar nitrogen and COD removal, wherefore simpler continuous feeding may be preferred for on-site applications. Combination of pre-treating upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) -septic tank and MBBR removed over 92% of CODt, 99% of biological oxygen demand (BOD7), and 65-70% of nitrogen.     

Behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus during batch aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge—continuous aeration and intermittent aeration by control of DO

The purpose of this study is to find the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus during aerobic digestion. Waste activated sludge samples from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were digested under 30 days batch operation, aerating continuously and intermittently. If the cycle time of intermittent aeration was decided so that the DO in a digestion tank did not become zero, the reduction rate of sludge solids and the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus in the intermittent aeration were similar to those in the continuous aeration. The percentage of biomass nitrogen (phosphorus) in the initial total nitrogen (phosphorus) decreased and finally became 20% (30%). Forty per cent of the initial MLSS remained finally. On the other hand, the percentage of liquid phase nitrogen (phosphorus) increased during digestion and reached 60% (70%). It is considered that considerable portion of the initial total nitrogen (phosphorus) remains in liquid phase after aerobic digestion under sufficient supply of oxygen. Contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in residual biomass increased a little and decreased thereafter. Also, contents of them in reduced biomass increased monotonously.     

低DO下曝气方式对分段进水脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理小区生活污水,考察了在低DO条件下,不同曝气方式对硝化率及污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为0．27m^3／h、MLSS平均为2700mg／L左右、好氧区的DO为0．26～2．5mg／L的条件下,当进水氨氮为44～55mg／L时,对氨氮的去除率保持在95％以上,对COD的去除率〉90％;当控制好氧区第1、2格室的DO分别为0．5～0．7和1．0～1．2mg／L时,系统的硝化率维持在90％以上,出水中的氨氮〈2mg／L;在恒定曝气量下,向进水中投加有机碳源,当水质改变较快时,容易引起丝状菌污泥膨胀,但通过恒DO曝气控制,可使污泥的沉降性能得到改善。     

Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system

Denitrifying dephosphatation enables the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen with minimal use of COD, minimal oxygen consumption and minimal surplus sludge production. Moreover it would make aeration only necessary for nitrification. Therefore we have studied an anaerobic-anoxic (A₂) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) coupled to a nitrification SBR. Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and nitrifiers were completely separated in two sludges in these two SBRs. The nitrified supernatant was recirculated from the nitrification SBR to the A₂ SBR where nitrate was utilized by DPB as an electron acceptor for phosphorus removal. The technical feasibility for simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in the proposed two-sludge system was evaluated. The benefits of two-sludge systems over single-sludge systems were also discussed. It could be concluded that the separation of the nitrification step leads to an optimal process design for the application of denitrifying dephosphatation. The two-sludge system showed stable phosphorus and nitrogen removal, and enabled the removal of 15 mg-P/1 and 105 mg N/1 at the expense of only 400 mg-COD/1 acetic acid. Stoichiometric calculations showed that, in the two-sludge system the required COD can be up to 50% less than for conventional aerobic phosphorus and nitrogen removal systems. Moreover oxygen requirements and sludge production can be decreased in significant amounts of about 30 and 50%, respectively.