美国原油管道输送损耗标准先进性研究

评价了国内油气管道输损研究现状,存在的主要问题是缺少针对管道损耗特性的研究方法。介绍了美国石油协会标准API Std2650-2003《液体管道质量计量协调》,该标准的先进性主要体现在首次提出了原油管道损耗特性分析方法,综合利用损耗控制图、仪表控制图、仪表趋势图和损耗累计图等多种方式,应定期监测管道损耗以确定正常损耗值和异常损耗。此外,规定了严格细致故障排查程序和影响因素分析程序。最后,提出了该标准的采标建议。     

宝山钢铁股份有限公司开发的新一代高气密封特殊螺纹BGT3油管螺纹通过第三方评估

<正>宝山钢铁股份有限公司开发的新一代高气密封特殊螺纹BGT3油管螺纹通过第三方评估[发布日期:2018-12-03]日前,宝山钢铁股份有限公司(简称宝钢股份)开发的新一代高气密封特殊螺纹BGT3油管,其Φ88.90 mm×6.45 mm典型规格BG13Cr-110S在国家石油管材质量监督检验中心完成并通过了API RP 5C5—2017《套管和油管接头评价程序推荐作法》Ⅳ级试验评估。API RP 5C5—2017标准Ⅳ级试验是评价油套管螺纹接头性能的最高级别。宝钢股份研发的BGT3高气密     

油套管标准变化对其性能要求及评价的影响

介绍了新版API Spec 5CT、API Spec 5B、API RP 5C5等标准主要修订的内容,分析了各标准变化对油套管性能要求的影响;重点讨论了特殊螺纹接头气密封评价、储气库井用套管评价、页岩气井用套管评价以及射孔段套管评价等的标准和方法。分析认为:与旧版标准相比,新版API Spec 5B增加了螺纹直径、椭圆度测量及其要求,API Spec 5CT第9版增加了C110钢级套管,API RP 5C5—2017增加了高温条件下的接头性能评价。从油套管主要标准变化可以看出,为了满足非常规井的勘探开发需要,对油套管的性能要求主要体现在:特殊螺纹接头密封性能、抗高温性能、耐腐蚀性能、高抗挤性能、接头抗疲劳性能等。     

TP-JC特殊螺纹接头的开发及应用

针对API EU外加厚螺纹接头存在的接头应力高、上扣控制困难、可修复性差等问题,研制出可保证气密性且成本低的TP-JC特殊螺纹接头油套管。对该产品的开发及应用情况进行了详细介绍,该产品通过了ISO 13679∶2002 CALⅡ(简化版)实物性能试验,抗螺纹黏结性能、密封完整性、结构完整性均达到了产品设计要求,并在油田完成了相应的下井及密封试验。     

美国石油协会API阀门质量标准研究

本文梳理评价了国内阀门设计和试验标准现状。阀门内漏问题的根源在于国内缺少专门的阀门质量认证标准,阀门制造质量不能完全保证。介绍了美国阀门质量认证标准,其先进性主要表现在严格限定阀门二级供应商资质,确定了第三方阀门质量认证机构,阀门外观状态检查和阀门材料机械性能试验更为严格细致,开展阀门闭合能力试验、阀杆与闭合部件连接强度试验和阀门手轮性能试验等特殊检验,建立了阀门及部件应满足的最低要求准则等。最后,提出了建立涵盖阀门制造工艺、材料、检测和试验的质量标准的建议。     

发电厂给水泵阀门泄漏原因分析

某发电厂给水泵阀门在使用中发生泄漏。通过解体检查和失效分析后认为该阀门由于填料中吸附了较多的腐蚀性元素和水分,腐蚀介质局部浓度升高,满足了腐蚀的介质条件,闸阀门杆表面产生了缝隙腐蚀,粗糙度变差,经多次开启和闭合后,闸阀门杆对碳纤维垫片的损害程度加重,其配合间隙相应变大,填料丧失了密封性,造成给水泵阀门泄漏。     

铸造铝青铜阀门缺陷的修补．

介绍了国内外铸造铝青铜阀门标准中关于铸件缺陷的论述，探讨了浸渍、焊补和表面修补的工艺方法，以及防止阀门壳体压力试验泄漏的措施。     

基于平行压电阵列的阀门泄漏声发射源定位方法

针对阀门泄漏故障的问题,提出了基于平行压电阵列的阀门泄漏声发射源定位方法。针对阀门曲面结构的特点,在阀体底部布置了两条平行线性传感器阵列。首先,利用平行压电阵列采集阀门泄漏时产生的声发射信号;其次,计算各自阵列协方差及其特征值,通过比较特征值的大小,确定声发射信号源的大致区域,再利用近场多重信号分类算法进行空间谱估计,在子阵列上建立局部坐标,得到与声发射源对应参考阵元的极坐标,即距离和角度;最后,通过坐标变换,将局部坐标轴中的极坐标转换到整体坐标中。通过DN50的闸阀进行了试验,试验结果表明:该方法可以有效地对阀门声发射源进行定位,减小了阀门泄漏故障的误判,可为阀门故障预测提供参考知识。     

阀门密封副等离子弧堆焊用铁基粉末的研制

本文根据阀门密封副擦伤分析,研制出适用于等离子弧堆焊工艺、含大量硼化物的不同类型铁基合金粉末F321-F322。试验表明,用该粉堆焊的阀门密封副,其抗擦伤性能比常用2Cr13-2Cr13阀门密封副,寿命提高30倍以上,且对密封面的硬度和光洁度要求大大降低。     

基于ISO 13679的套管特殊螺纹极限承载能力仿真评价

依照ISO 13679:2002标准中的极限试验程序,采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,评价了Φ177.8 mm×10.36 mm规格P110钢级套管JIP特殊螺纹的极限承载能力;建立特殊螺纹的有限元模型,仿真计算JIP新型套管特殊螺纹接头在8种极限载荷失效路径下的失效情况。分析结果表明:该套管接头在各工况下的应力分布合理,管体先于接箍失效,且失效强度大于API标准值;接触应力和密封积分强度均保持较高水平,接触应力在693.2~1 042.4 MPa,密封积分强度维持在667.0~1 050.0 MPa·mm;该JIP特殊螺纹的强度满足使用要求,密封效果良好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.