高效深切磨削中磨削液的作用

在高效深切磨削（HEDG）中，磨削液向磨削区的充分供液，对于控制被磨工件的表面完整性是必不可少的。磨削液提供的良好润滑，可使比磨削能保持在低水平，并可减少砂轮的磨损。借助于磨削液的散热冷却，磨削温度可以降低，其降低的程度取决于磨削液的种类以及工艺条件。进行了在HEDG磨削中磨削液所起作用的实验和理论分析两个方面的研究。磨削区内散热传导系数已经用综合的流体力学和热学模型进行了评估。在选择最佳的工艺条件以达到高的金属去除率和好的表面质量时，磨削液的润滑和冷却能力是重要的考虑因素。     

树脂砂轮研磨钢球专用磨削液的研制

本文针对钢球磨削液存在的问题，研究了反应时间、温度、搅拌速度、加料时的温度以及冷却方式等条件对磨削液性能的影响。适宜的工艺条件为聚乙二醇：邻苯二甲酸酐=10：1，反应温度110—130℃，搅拌速度500—650n／min，加入配料时温度70-80℃。该磨削液专门适用于树脂砂轮研磨钢球，可以解决树脂砂轮在磨削液中的腐烂问题，并有利于环境保护。     

面向绿色制造的快速点磨削磨削液供给参数计算

高速／超高速磨削条件下，砂轮边缘的高速空气带会阻碍磨削液注入磨削区。空气带压力与砂轮速度的平方成正比。快速点磨削是一种新型高速／超高速磨削技术，接触区很小，实际磨削功率低，冷却及散热效果好。在分析了高速／超高速磨削砂轮周围旋转空气带动压力及速度分布特点的基础上，根据热力学原理及快速点磨削特点，分析并建立了磨削液的供给流量和供液速度的理论模型。在此基础上，建立了面向绿色制造的快速点磨削的磨削液喷嘴直径及供液压力的工程计算公式。     

用有限元法进行低温磨削钛合金温度场的研究

钛合金的加工性能很差，磨削温度对其磨削性能有重要影响，为了改善钛合金的磨削加工性，分析磨削区温度场分布情况并研究如何有效降低磨削区温度具有十分重要的意义，本文建立了平面磨削时工件的传热学模型，并基于有限元原理，利用工程数值模拟软件ANSYS对钛合金（TC4）工件在常温和使用液氮冷却的低温条件下的磨削情况进行了模拟仿真研究，通过分析不同温度条件下磨削钛合金时的磨削温度场分布情况，表明采用液氮冷却的低温磨削技术可以有效降低磨削区的温度，从而有利于钛合金的磨削，文章最后在常温及低温条件下对钛合金进行了磨削实验研究，验证了仿真分析的结果。     

改善缓进给磨削中磨削液的供给方法

本文叙述缓进给磨削的特点，为了抑制磨削中的温升，而采用磨削区磨削液供给状况的几种改善措施及其效果。     

CBN砂轮高效磨削用磨削液应用研究综述

为进一步考察磨削液在电镀CBN砂轮在缓进给磨削条件下的使用性能，还进行了在镍基合金上切槽试验。在采用三种不同的水基磨削液的情况下，对电镀CBN砂轮平面磨削镍基合金后砂轮工作表面变化的情况进行检测对比。进行对比的三种磨削液分别为乳化液、可溶性磨削液A和     

精密ELID镜面磨削用新磨削液的研制

本文以已有的HDMY-10型ELID磨削液的配方为参照，根据ELID磨削的特点和要求，通过减少或增加无机盐、添加剂等成分的比例，找出了ELID磨削中生成氧化膜性能与磨削液成分的关系，研制出新型的性能更好的ELID磨削液。     

磨削液使用效果的模糊评判

本文沿用机械工业部郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所对磨削液使用效果试验数据，运用模糊数学的原理，建立磨削液浓度，磨削工件的粗糙度，切向与法向磨削力，砂轮耐用度，磨削比之间模糊关系及隶属函数，对各种磨削液进行模糊评判，表明１０１合成磨削液是一种理想的“以水代油”的磨削液。     

低温冷却磨削机理的研究

磨削是各种加工材料获得精确尺寸和表面完整性的主要加工方法，但在加工过程中，由于磨削区温度过高，经常导致工件表面热损伤、微裂纹和产生残余拉应力，严重影响工件表面质量和完整性的提高。本文通过采用低温CO2和液态氮为磨削冷却介质，有效地控制磨削区温度。实验结果表明，与干磨削和油冷却磨削相比，液态氮低温冷却磨削力、比磨削能、磨削区温度明显降低，工件表面质量和完整性显著提高，同时明显提高了砂轮的使用寿命和减少了冷却液对环境地污染。     

磨削液的合理选择

本文论述磨削加或所产生的弊病,从而提出了对磨削液的特殊要求,才可得到一种比较理想的磨削液。     

超声振动辅助缓进给磨削温度场仿真与试验分析

目的通过对比研究磨削过程中超声振动辅助缓进给磨削工件表面的温度变化,验证超声振动对磨削热的影响,为进一步研究磨削机理提供依据。方法基于磨削温度场解析模型,建立了磨削热源平均强度。运用ANSYS软件热分析模块分别对普通缓进给磨削和超声辅助缓进给磨削进行了工件表面温度场仿真,得到了不同载荷步的温度场分布以及工件表面的温度时间变化曲线,较准确地反映了磨削工件时工件表面的温度变化。结果试验和模拟表明,缓进给磨削工件时,工件表面温度较高,对工件施加超声振动后,能够有效降低磨削力,减少磨削过程中产生的热量,降低工件表面温度20%左右。结论超声振动辅助磨削工件时,由于工件高频振动导致磨粒与工件间断性接触,使磨削过程变为有规律的脉冲状断续磨削,有利于工件散热,降低了磨削温度,为避免缓进给磨削时容易出现的磨削烧伤现象提供了技术支持。     

基于视觉技术的铸件打磨机器人设计

通过分析铸件毛坯现有打磨技术的劣势,提出自动扫描三维重构铸件模型,获取工件3D点云数据,然后根据打磨工艺自动规划路径并进行离线编程,获得机器人运动程序,最后按照工艺路径自动完成铸件打磨的工艺方案。在综合考虑成本、功能、力学及干涉等各方面因素的基础上,确定打磨装备的整体布局形式,并对专用恒力打磨机构、视觉系统等关键部件作了详细设计与阐述。利用现有的机械设备、工业相机及线激光组成的视觉系统对实验工件进行三维模型重构,结果显示:模型尺寸精度在±0.1 mm以内,扫描速度为1 000 mm/min。打磨实验显示:打磨后工件表面粗糙度值小于Ra6.3μm,整个打磨表面平整度也满足检测需要,单台设备打磨效率达到人工的10倍左右。     

Experimental and finite element analysis of temperature and energy partition to the workpiece while grinding with a flexible robot

Grinding processes performed with flexible robotic tool holders are very unlike conventional types of grinding because of low stiffness of the robot's structure. A special flexible robotic grinding process is used for in situ maintenance of large hydroelectric equipment for bulk material removal over large areas rather than as a finishing step, as is the case for most conventional grindings. Due to the low structural stiffness of tool holder, cutting is interrupted at each revolution of wheel during the grinding process. In this study, an investigation is carried out to determine the temperatures and energy partition to the workpiece for the above-mentioned flexible robotic grinding process by a three-dimensional finite element thermal model. Experiments were undertaken using embedded thermocouples to obtain the subsurface temperature at several points in the workpiece during the process. Then, energy partition to the workpiece was evaluated using a temperature-matching method between the experimental and numerical results. This ratio is used for predicting the temperature field at the wheel–workpiece interface with a relevant heat source function. Kinematics of cut and the flexible robot's dynamic behavior are considered in applying the heat input to the model. The energy partition to the workpiece in this specific flexible grinding process is found to be lower than for analogous conventional precision grinding processes. Two models, one from the literature and one from the power model of the process, are modified and proposed for determining the energy partition. The results showed that the energy partition ratio decreases by increasing the process power. Also, this ratio slightly decreases at higher feed speeds. In addition, lower temperatures were seen at higher powers due to the lower intensity of heat input over a larger contact area. Experimental observations show close agreement between simulated contact temperatures and measured results.     

振动辅助式磁性研磨装置的设计及研究

通过对传统外圆磨削分析并在磁性研磨基础上,增加振动辅助,可以改善被加工工件表面的磨削质量,提高了磨削效率。依据圆柱面的磨削特点,通过改装CA6410普通车床,设计出了适用于圆柱面磨削的振动辅助研磨装置,这为振动辅助式磁性磨削的研究解决了设备问题。     

The effect of cryogenic cooling on grinding forces

Grinding forces are important parameters to judge the performance of any grinding process. Cryogenic cooling in grinding is a new concept to control the high grinding zone temperature without polluting the environment. The paper presents a hypothesis on the mechanics of grinding under cryogenic cooling. Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of cryogenic cooling on grinding forces and to check the validity of the hypothesis. The results indicate substantial reduction in the grinding forces under cryogenic cooling over range of infeed and dressing procedure for different commonly used steels.     

Temperature distribution in a workpiece during cylindrical plunge grinding

In cylindrical plunge grinding, a large amount of heat flows into the workpiece continuously, accumulates and remains even after the process, which causes dimensional error. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the temperature distribution in the workpiece during grinding and analyze the influence of grinding heat on the dimension. Such an investigation has not been done enough, because the technology to measure the temperature distribution in the rotating workpiece has not matured. Considering such background, an in-process measuring system has been developed, which makes it possible to detect the temperature distribution in a wide range from the outer surface to the inside of the rotating workpiece. The system consists of small temperature sensors which are embedded into the workpiece, a micro computer attached on the workpiece which acquires the data from the sensors and transmits to a personal computer by a wireless communication device. Furthermore the contact type thermocouple which enables to measure the rotating surface temperature is added to the system. Measurement experiments revealed that the grinding heat conducts from the workpiece surface toward the center, accumulates, and remains in the workpiece even after the process. Heat conduction simulation was also performed. Good agreement was achieved between the simulated temperatures and experimental measurements.     

钢轨打磨用新型复合砂轮及其磨削试验

利用钎焊技术和传统热压技术研发出一款钢轨打磨用新型复合砂轮,复合砂轮除含传统树脂砂轮的成分外还含金属结合剂金刚石插片,用其在钢轨打磨试验机上与传统树脂砂轮进行工件打磨对比试验,分析工件打磨后的打磨温度和表面粗糙度变化,并对钢轨打磨后的磨屑进行电镜、能谱分析。试验结果表明:与纯树脂砂轮相比,采用新型复合砂轮打磨工件,其打磨温度峰值下降10%左右,砂轮中插片数越多下降比例越大;工件表面粗糙度下降比例在9%以上,且随着砂轮中插片数量的增加而增大;同时,磨屑中球状磨屑比例更低,球状磨屑中O元素质量分数更小。      

Determination and control of grinding zone temperature under cryogenic cooling

Grinding processes, though employed widely as a finishing process, have their own share of problems, like high grinding zone temperature which may lead to thermal damage to the work surface, like induction of tensile residual stresses, development of microcracks, enhanced risks of wheel loading and excessive wheel wear. Grinding fluids are applied in different forms to control such high temperature, but they are partially effective within a narrow working range; recent studies also indicate their polluting nature. cryogenic cooling, if employed properly, could control the grinding zone temperature more effectively by intensive removal of heat from the grinding zone. The present study deals with the effect of cryogenic cooling on grinding zone temperature for five commonly used steels both experimentally and computationally. Results indicate that the effectiveness of cryogenic cooling is substantial throughout the experimental domain.     

光纤红外测温仪的研制及其在磨削区温度测量中的应用研究

本文对磨削加工产生的火花信号和磨削区温度之间的关系进行了分析研究,并利用自行开发的新型光纤红外测温仪对磨削火花信号进行了系统,定量的分析与实验,实验结果表明,磨削加工中产生的火花是一种平滑,稳定的各态历经随机信号,火花信号与磨削区温度,工件的烧伤层深度之间存在广泛联系,该设备可实现磨削区温度的在线有效测量,使工件的加工表面质量及自动化加工程度得到较大提高。