噪声被动测距中的滤波技术应用研究

精确测定目标信号到达不同水听器的时延差是被动测距声呐正常工作的基础.文中先是采用一阶线性递归滤波器对相关函数进行滑动平均,剔除了待处理数据中的野点,而因此引入的延迟仅为3～4ms;然后再用基于自适应噪声抵消器的参数估计器对测量值(距离的估计)进行后置滤波和跟踪,该滤波器收敛和稳定时间需要0.5～1min,快于传统的Kalman滤波器(稳定最少需要5min),这对实现被动测距声呐对快速目标的跟踪是有很大意义的.最终系统实现了对慢速及快速目标(如鱼雷)的跟踪和滤波输出.     

一种北斗二号测距码生成器的设计

针对北斗二号卫星导航系统中普通测距码的生成问题,提出了一种改进的测距码生成的实现原理,并给出具体实现方案。与传统的测距码生成器相比,本设计采用不同卫星编码设置不同初值的方法,提高了电路使用的便利性,还在算法上采用并行处理的方法,提高了码生成速率。对电路功能的仿真证明其可以得到与传统码生成器相同的编码结果。     

Analyses of noncommensurate sampling used in high-precision regenerative pseudo-noise ranging systems简

A high-precision pseudo-noise ranging system is often required in satellite-formation missions. But in an actual PN ranging system, digital signal processing limits the ranging accuracy, only level up with meter-scale. Using non-integer chip to sample time ratio, noncommensurate sampling was seen as an effective solution to cope with the drawback of digital effects. However, researchers only paid attention to selecting specific ratios or giving a simulation model to verify the effectiveness of the noncommensurate ratios. A qualitative analysis model is proposed to characterize the relationship between the range accuracy and the noncommensurate sampling parameters. Moreover, a method is also presented which can be used to choose the noncommensurate ratio and the correlation length to get higher phase delay distinguishability and lower range jitter. The simulation results indicate the correctness of our analyses and the optimal ranging accuracy can be up to centimeter-level with the proposed approach.     

空间精密OFDM测距技术

根据OFDM的时频特性,提出了一种新的空间测距方法．首先在时域对OFDM信号进行相关处理,得到距离的粗估计,在粗估计的基础上,利用OFDM不同子载波数据之间的相位差,得到距离的精确估计,根据精确估计的结果对粗估计的结果进行校正,从而得到最终的距离估计值．仿真结果表明,该方法的测距精度比采用延迟锁定环的伪码测距方法至少提高了4倍,并且在信噪比大于20dB时,可以达到厘米级．     

IR-UWB穿墙测距误差研究

通过将IR—UWB穿墙测距NLOS误差建模为由空间结构导致的几何距离误差和脉冲信号波形失真导致的峰值偏移误差．依据高频射线理论推导了基于收发节点距离和墙体参数的几何距离误差限．通过对IR—UWB信号穿墙透射机理的建模,研究了频率依赖性导致的波形失真问题及相应的TOA测距误差．仿真结果表明,几何距离误差主要由墙体障碍物参...     

基于超声测距的障碍物形状识别

针对超声测距对目标障碍物形状识别问题,利用三个超声波传感器组成探测器,设计了超声测距目标识别电路,通过测量超声波发射脉冲与反射波脉冲之间的时间间隔,可计算出障碍物到探测装置之间的距离;根据物体反射的超声波脉冲到达两个接收器的时间不同,可确定出障碍物表面的边角形状.同时,用Visual studio 2005软件进行了移动避障仿真.实验表明,这种利用三个超声波脉冲传感器探测障碍物边角形状的方法是有效的.     

Novel initial ranging method in the MIMO-OFDMA system

According to the feature of multiple antennas at the base station in the MIMO-OFDMA system, a novel initial ranging (IR) method exploiting the beamforming technique is proposed. The beamforming vector of the ranging signal is obtained by searching from the received signal vector of the multiple antennas. The signals received by multiple antennas are combined by the beamforming vector, and the inter-user interference is suppressed. The combined signals are used in the multiuser detection and timing offsets estimation in the initial ranging. Simulation results show that the miss detection probability and false alarm probability of the multiuser detection by the proposed method are efficiently reduced, and that the performance of parameter estimation by the proposed method is better than that by the available methods.     

Passive ranging algorithm in terms of polar coordinates

For the missile with passive seeker,the improvement of passive ranger’s precision is one of the key issues in development of the defense penetrate strategy. On the offensive warheads,the infrared imaging device was used to measure the line-of-sight angle information of the blocker,and then using the algorithm of Kalman Filter under polar coordinates,the distance from the blocker to the warheads was obtained. The simulation result under polar coordinates was compared with that of Cartesian coordinate. The validity of the method was analyzed,and the schemes of improvement were brought out.     

OFDMA测距中一种新的定时偏移估计算法

为了在正交频分多址(OFDMA)测距中实现精确的定时偏移估计,提出了一种定时偏移估计新算法．该算法首先利用接收到的OFDMA测距信号估计受定时偏移影响的信道系数．基站分别利用各定时偏移预计值补偿该信道系数,并搜索补偿后信道系数自相关函数的最大峰值,确定定时偏移真实值．由于没有利用接收测距信号的时域相关,所提算法避免了现有的时域相关算法在多径信道中相关峰互相叠加影响估计精度的问题,在多径信道中受到影响较小．还推导了所提算法的理论精度限和复杂度．仿真结果表明,在无线多径信道下,所提算法搜索步长采用一个采样周期时,其10dB信噪比下的定时偏移估计精度比参考算法的精度提高近1倍．     

一种高精度空间多载波测距新算法

根据空间精密测距的需求,由多载波最大似然传输时延估计算法的表达式,推导了其克拉美罗界;根据似然函数的形式,提出了一种迭代最大似然时延估计算法．计算机仿真结果表明,所提出的迭代时延估计算法收敛速度快,与使用穷搜索的最大似然方法相比,具有复杂度低的特点; 在信噪比为-10dB的恶劣条件下,同基于相位的多载波测距方法相比精度至少提高了2倍; 随着信噪比的增加,性能趋于克拉美罗界．     

基于自适应小波去噪法的精密超声波测距方法

超声脉冲飞行时间的精确提取决定了超声测距的精度,因此滤除接收信号中的噪声可有效提高其测距精度。针对传统的去噪方法无法随噪声的变化而自动调整去噪阀值和小波分层数的缺点,提出了一种自适应小波去噪法,通过实时提取接收信号中的噪声特征,自动选择最优的小波参数,有效地提高了接收信号信噪比,从而提高飞行时间提取精度。实验表明,在室内环境条件下测距误差小于0.28mm,可满足大部分工业制造领域的距离测量应用。     

Time synchronization and ranging under unknown positions and velocities

The process to achieve time synchronization and ranging for a network of mobile nodes is raising a concern among researchers, and hence a variety of joint time synchronization and ranging algorithms have been proposed in recent years. However, few of them handle the case of all-node motion under unknown positions and velocities. This study addresses the problem of determining ranging and time synchronization for a group of nodes moving within a local area. First, we examined several models of clock discrepancy and synchronous two-way ranging. Based upon these models, we present a solution for time synchronization with known positions and velocities. Next, we propose a functional model that jointly estimates the clock skew, clock offset, and time of flight in the absence of a priori knowledge for a pair of mobile nodes. Then, we extend this model to a network-wide time synchronization scheme by way of a global least square estimator. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our model compared to the existing algorithms, and we provide some applicable scenarios as well. Finally, we show that the simulation results verify the validity of our analysis.     

被动测距系统汽车目标提取算法研究

研究了以高速公路为背景的被动测距系统中汽车目标提取算法.该算法在采集图片中检测路面边缘，根据道路区域在图片中呈三角形的特点，提出一种新的边缘检测模板.此模板突出图片中倾斜边缘的特点，抑制垂直和水平边缘.边缘提取后利用Hough变换检测车道边缘并判断测距系统所在的车道，缩小检测区域，并在该车道内分割提取出目标汽车.解决了同一车道内存在两辆或更多车辆时，区分目标汽车与无关汽车的问题.     

混沌序列测距码性能研究

针对混沌序列数目众多、相关性能良好、安全性强、保密性高以及逼近高斯白噪声的统计特性,提出一种基于加权算法的改进型Logistic混沌序列测距码.该码是通过对两个初值不同的改进型Logistic混沌序列进行加权处理、求和、量化得到的.采用基于相关峰旁瓣和Welch界两种测距码性能分析方法评估所提测距码在内的各种经典混沌序列测距码的性能.理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于加权优化混沌序列的测距码不仅平衡性大大提高,而且测距码性能良好,同时增强了测距码的安全性与保密性.     

Investigation of Geiger-mode detector in multi-hit model for laser ranging

The performance of detector limits the overall performance of laser ranging system. And the design of multi-hit detector is one of the feasible ways to promote the performance of detector. Currently, the segmentation method or the recursive method is commonly used to analyze the multi-hit detector model. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to propose a combinatorial method to solve the multi-hit detector model from the perspective of discrete time. Then, universal formulas of total signal detection probability and the average count are deduced based on the Poisson distribution signal. Furthermore, analysis is made to figure out how the average count changes with different parameters, such as the dead time, gating time, rate intensity. As a result, for GM-APD, the multi-hit detector model is verified advantageously compared to the single-hit detector model in improving the average count theoretically. Meanwhile, a discrete step feature is presented when average count changes with dead time or the gating time, which is of great significance in gating time optimization.     

基于TOF和RSSI的融合测距算法实现

为了提高无线测距的精度和稳定性,设计并在LoRa测距系统上实现了一种基于飞行时间(time of flight,TOF)法和接收信号强度指示(received signal strength indicator,RSSI)法的融合测距算法。该算法首先应用TOF方法和RSSI方法测量初始距离;其次,基于高斯模型选取发生在高概率区的初始距离测量值,得到其统计平均值,求出测量距离的最优值;最后,对测量距离最优值进行加权融合,得到最优距离的估计值。实验结果表明,相比于单一的RSSI和TOF算法,所提融合算法在近距离段和远距离段的测距精度较高,在50m范围内的测距精度可达到2m;在中间距离段的测距稳定性有所提升。所提的融合算法提高了无线测距的精度和稳定性。     

Effects of transmitter-related parameter settings on ranging accuracy for IR-UWB systems

For impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging systems,effects of the settings of transmitter-related parameters, which include the pulse shape, the bandwidth and the pulse repetition interval (PRI), on ranging accuracy were studied through theoretical analysis and simulations. Both the match-filtering based coherent TOA estimation algorithm and the energy-detection based non-coherent algorithm were used during simulations. Results show that the pulse shape has the least effect on the ranging accuracy. Increasing the pulse bandwidth can improve the ranging performance, but the performance is hardly improved any more when the bandwidth is increased beyond a certain level. PRI should be set long enough to guarantee the accurate ranging, because when PRI is shorter than the maximum excess delay of the channel, the ranging accuracy will be deteriorated by inter-pulse interference.     

基于AT89S51单片机的超声波测距系统设计

在分析超声波测距原理的基础上,指出了设计测距系统的思路和所要考虑的问题,详细介绍了以AT89S51单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件的设计方法,系统电路设计合理、工作稳定、性能良好、检测速度快、易于做到实时控制,测量精度上达到了工业实用的要求.     

Beamforming assisted successive interference cancellation initial ranging algorithm for OFDMA systems

According to the effect of the frequency selectivity of multipath channel and multiuser access interference (MAI) on the initial ranging system in the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, a novel beamforming assisted successive interference cancellation initial ranging algorithm is presented by utilizing smart antennas at the base station in the next generation wireless communication systems. In the algorithm, the cell is divided into many small ranging sectors in the spatial domain by a group of beamforming vectors. The proposed algorithm is able to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the desired ranging users in a given sector and suppress the MAI from other ranging sectors. In the small ranging sector, the multiuser ranging code detection and timing offset estimation are conducted by the simplified successive multiuser detection and interference cancellation (SMUD) method and the adaptive threshold. Simulation results show that the correct detection probability of the proposed algorithm is improved by 80％ than that of the SMUD algorithm, with 15 ranging users in the ranging channel when the SNR is -6dB.     

微小卫星编队的星间测距系统设计及精度分析

提出了不依赖于GPS的小卫星编队星间测距方法.为满足编队卫星小型化任务的需求,该系统在不增加硬件的情况下,将测距功能集成于原有的星间通信设备上,实现同一星间链路下通信、测距功能的一体化.该方法以传统应答机模式为基础,将信号往返于两星间的传输延时转换为距离,通常精度仅能达到几十米,为将精度进一步提高,分析影响测距精度的原因,提出概率补偿算法,并得到了在不同的风险概率下,达到不同精度时卫星所要发送的测距包的理论公式,使得系统的测距精度可以提高一个数量级.