基于Volterra级数的模拟电路故障诊断

Volterra级数是一种泛函级数,时域和频域核有明确的物理意义,不依赖于系统的输入,因而完全反映了系统的本质特性。因此可以用Volterra级数作为非线性模拟电路的分析工具,通过直接分析非线性模拟电路的频率响应以提取故障特征,从而实现非线性模拟电路的故障诊断。     

An improvement of the Lee and Schetzen cross-correlation method

Cross-correlation techniques have been used for years to identify the kernels of Volterra and Wiener nonlinear functional series. This note proposes a modification to the standard cross-correlation method which improves the estimation of the diagonal elements of the kernels. The mathematical derivation is given and simulations are presented, which show that modification improves the kernel estimates with very little increase in computational cost.     

交通流量VNNTF神经网络模型多步预测研究

研究了VNNTF 神经网络（Volterra neural network trafficflow model,VNNTF） 交通流量混沌时间序列多步预测问题. 通过分析比较交通流量混沌时间序列相空间重构的嵌入维数和Volterra 离散模型之间的关系,给出了确定交通流量Volterra 级数模型截断阶数和截断项数的方法,并在此基础上建立了VNNTF 神经网络交通流量时间序列模型;设计了交通流量Volterra 神经网络的快速学习算法;最后,利用交通流量混沌时间序列对VNNTF 网络模型,Volterra 预测滤波器和BP 网络进行了多步预测实验,比较了多步预测结果的仿真图、绝对误差的柱状图以及归一化后的方均根;实验结果表明VNNTF 神经网络的多步预测性能明显优于Volterra 预测滤波器和BP 神经网络.     

The method of analytical design of quasi-optimal control systems with polynomial nonlinearities

A simple and effective method for solving the problem of analytical design of optimal controllers for multidimensional control objects with polynomial nonlinearities is proposed. The method of nonlinear systems synthesis is based on the solution to the two-point boundary problem in the form of a Volterra functional series.     

一类非线性系统的在线建模新方法

为减少非线性系统的Volterra级数模型在线建模的计算量，根据多模型合成的思想。提出一种基于预设模型在线合成被测系统当前Volterra级数模型的新方法。建立了模型合成的公式和方法．仿真实验表明。该方法具有较高的建模精度。能有效减少Volterra模型在线建模的计算量。并且易于工程实现．     

Functional expansions for the response of nonlinear differential systems

This paper is concerned with representing the response of nonlinear differential systems by functional expansions. An abstract theory of variational expansions, similar to that of L. M. Graves (1927), is developed. It leads directly to concrete expressions (multilinear integral operators) for the functionals of the expansions and sets conditions on the differential systems which insure that the expansions give reasonable approximations of the response. Similarly, it is shown that the theory of analytic functions in Banach spaces leads directly to conditions which imply uniform convergence of functional series. The main results on differential systems are summarized in a set of theorems, some of which overlap and extend the recent results of Brockett on Volterra series representations for the response of linear analytic differential systems. Other theorems apply to more general nonlinear differential systems. They provide a rigorous foundation for a large body of previous research on Volterra series expansions. The multilinear integral operators are obtained from systems of differential equations which characterize exactly the variations. These equations are of much lower order than those obtained by the technique of Carleman. A nonlinear feedback system serves as an example of an application of the theory.     

Nonlinear thermal system identification using fractional Volterra series

Linear fractional differentiation models have already proven their efficacy in modeling thermal diffusive phenomena for small temperature variations involving constant thermal parameters such as thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. However, for large temperature variations, encountered in plasma torch or in machining in severe conditions, the thermal parameters are no longer constant, but vary along with the temperature. In such a context, thermal diffusive phenomena can no longer be modeled by linear fractional models. In this paper, a new class of nonlinear fractional models based on the Volterra series is proposed for modeling such nonlinear diffusive phenomena. More specifically, Volterra series are extended to fractional derivatives, and fractional orthogonal generating functions are used as Volterra kernels. The linear coefficients are estimated along with nonlinear fractional parameters of the Volterra kernels by nonlinear programming techniques. The fractional Volterra series are first used to identify thermal diffusion in an iron sample with data generated using the finite element method and temperature variations up to 700 K. For that purpose, the thermal properties of the iron sample have been characterized. Then, the fractional Volterra series are used to identify the thermal diffusion with experimental data obtained by injecting a heat flux generated by a 200 W laser beam in the iron sample with temperature variations of 150 K. It is shown that the identified model is always more accurate than the finite element model because it allows, in a single experiment, to take into account system uncertainties.     

Volterra高阶核的新算法在航空涡轮转速控制上的应用

针对航空发动机的转速控制这个难题,提出了对非线性动态系统做建模研究的Volterra泛函方法的任意高阶核估计方法;该方法在核(kernel method)理论基础上,构造线性空间,将求解Volterra泛函各阶核的问题转化为求输出观测向量在希尔伯特空间(Hilbert space)子空间上的分量,利用线性空间中向量内积的求解而间接辨识出复杂的非线性动态系统;相对于其它在时域或频域估计Volterra核的理论,该方法数学基础牢固、计算量不随辨识精度增高而大量增加、理论上能够对任意高阶核进行估计,可对强非线性动态系统进行辨识。     

交通流序列的Volterra自适应预测

基于混沌动力系统的相空间重构和非线性系统的Volterra级数,构建交通流的Volterra自适应预测模型.在应用小数据量法判定交通流存在混沌特性的前提下,分别用平均互信息法和虚假邻点法选取延滞时间和嵌入维数以实现对交通流时间序列的相空间重构.通过Volterra级数展开式建立非线性预测模型,采用LMS自适应算法实时调...     

基于Volterra泛函级数的涡轮建模研究

给出了对非线性动态系统做任意精度逼近的Volterra级数高阶核的全新估算方法并将其应用在涡喷发动机的转速控制上。该方法在核函数理论基础上,构造线性空间,将求解Volterra级数各阶核的问题转化为求输出观测向量在希尔伯特空间中某一子空间上的投影的问题,使原本复杂的非线性系统的Volterra级数的逼近问题在线性空间中以向量内积的方式得到解决。与其他时域或频域估算Volterra核的方法相比较,该算法的优点在于理论体系严密、计算量不随阶数增高而成几何级数增加、辨识精度高。该方法理论上能够估算任意阶核,弥补了现有方法难以估算四阶以上核的缺点,可应用于动态系统和强非线性系统的建模。将发动机动态过程描述为四阶的Volterra级数模型。     

Finite Volterra-series realizations and input-output approximations of non-linear discrete-time systems

It is shown that a separability property of a given finite family of stationary kernels turns out to be necessary and sufficient for the realization of the associated functional by means of a polynomial affine system (i.e. a system that is polynomial in the input and affine in the state). Moreover, the discrete Volterra kernels associated with the input-output map of a non-linear analytic discrete-lime system, initialized at an equilibrium point, are shown to possess a separability property. On this basis, we state an approximation result for the given input-output map by considering the first kernels of the discrete Volterra series. Two explicit constructions of the approximating polynomial affine systems are proposed.     

基于乘积耦合Volterra模型的短时交通流预测

基于混沌序列固有的非线性和确定性机制以及Volterra级数的非线性表征能力,提出一种短时交通流预测的三阶Volterra模型。针对Volterra模型随阶数增加复杂度以幂次方增加的问题,研究了该模型的乘积耦合近似实现结构。首先,采用互信息法和虚假邻点法选取时间延迟和嵌入维数,并采用小数据量法计算Lyapunov指数判定交通流是否具有混沌特性;然后,建立三阶Volterra滤波器的乘积耦合近似实现结构,并采用一种改进的非线性归一化最小均方(NLMS)算法实时调整模型系数;最后,对高速公路实测交通流的预测结果表明,交通流中存在混沌特征,应用构建的预测模型可有效地对交通流进行预测,且降低了模型的复杂性。     

基于谐波探测理论功率放大器线性化仿真研究

Volterra级数是一种用于解决非线性问题数学模型,在功率放大器线性化领域中,其庞大的计算难度限制了实际线性化处理的效果。为了解决Volterra级数计算量过大的问题,使用谐波探测方法替代Volterra级数,使用多个简单多项式对功率放大器复杂的记忆非线性特性进行建模,结合该模型与前馈线性化结构,提出了一个基于谐波检测的数字前馈结构。该数字前馈方法避免了前馈方法中时延因素对于功率放大器线性化效果的影响。仿真中,上述方法提供了平均20dB的抑制效果,验证了谐波探测理论应用于功率放大器线性化领域的可行性。     

A new symbolic calculus for the response of nonlinear systems

We present a new operational calculus for computing the response of nonlinear systems to various deterministic excitations. The use of a new tool: noncommutative generating power series, allows us to derive, by simple algebraic manipulations, the Volterra functional series of the solution of a large class of nonlinear forced differential equations. The symbolic calculus introduced appears as a natural generalization to the nonlinear domain, of the well known Heaviside operational calculus. Moreover, this method has the advantage of allowing the use of a computer.     

Volterra series and geometric control theory

It is shown here that controlled differential equations which are analytic in the state and linear in the control have solutions which can be expanded in a Volterra series provided there is no finite escape time. The Volterra kernels are computed in terms of the power series expansion of the functions defining the differential equation. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Volterra series to be realizable by a linear-analytic system. These conditions are particularly easy to test if the Volterra series is finite; a complete theory is worked out for this case. In the final section some applications are considered to singular control, multilinear realization theory, etc.     

Stochastic functional fourier series, Volterra series, and nonlinear systems analysis

A functional Fourier series is developed with emphasis on applications to the nonlinear systems analysis. In analogy to Fourier coefficients, Fourier kernels are introduced and can be determined through a cross correlation between the output and the orthogonal basis function of the stochastic input. This applies for the class of strict-sense stationary white inputs, except for a singularity problem incurred with inputs distributed at quantized levels. The input may be correlated if it is zero-mean Gaussian. The Wiener expansion is treated as an example corresponding to the white Gaussian input and this modifies the Lee-Schetzen algorithm for Wiener kernel estimation conceptually and computationally. The Poisson-distributed white input is dealt with as another example. Possible links between the Fourier and Volterra series expansions are investigated. A mutual relationship between the Wiener and Volterra kernels is presented for a subclass of analytic nonlinear systems. Connections to the Cameron-Martin expansion are examined as well The analysis suggests precautions in the interpretation of Wiener kernel data from white-noise identification experiments.     

On finite dimensional realization theory of discrete time nonlinear systems

We characterize finite dimensional realizability of discrete time nonlinear systems which have a Volterra series development with separable structure of the Volterra kernels.     

Generalized polynomial operators for nonlinear systems analysis

The concept of the so-called generalized polynomial operators is considered and applied especially to systems described by certain types of nonlinear differential equations. A theorem concerning local invertibility of polynomial operators is given. By an example it is shown how this theorem can be used to prove the existence of solutions, to construct those solutions, and to find a region of BIBO stability of the aforementioned systems. The treatment is quite general, being based on functional analysis. In particular, it can be applied to the systems analyzed by using functional series of Volterra type.     

Volterra-series-based equivalent nonlinear system method for subharmonic vibration systems

Subharmonics generation in the nonlinear system, directly using the traditional finite Volterra series, cannot generally represent the aimed system. In this paper, a new approach is presented, which is an extension of single finite Volterra series for representation and analysis of the subharmonic vibration system based on equivalent nonlinear system. The equivalent nonlinear system, which is constructed by pre-compensating the subharmonic vibration system with the super-harmonic nonlinear model, yields the input–output relation between the virtual source and the response of the aimed nonlinear system. Orthogonal least square method is employed to identify the truncated order of Volterra series and predominant Volterra kernels of the equivalent nonlinear system. The MGFRFs (modified generalised frequency response functions) of the equivalent nonlinear system is obtained from the data of the virtual source and response, and verified by comparing the response estimated by the MGFRFs with its true value. Therefore, the aimed subharmonic vibration system can be analysed by taking advantage of a truncated Volterra series based on the equivalent nonlinear system. Numerical simulations were carried out, whose results have shown that the proposed method is valid and feasible, and suitable to apply on representation and analysis of subharmonic vibration systems.     

Abstract bilinear systems: The forward shift approach

A bilinear realization theory for a Volterra series input-output map is given. The approach involves a special transform representation for a Volterra series and certain shift operators on a Fock space. The approach yields in a very simple manner a theory of span reachability, observability and minimality for bilinear systems.