多用户MIMO系统在有限反馈下结合预编码与调度算法的研究

捅要：研究了多用户多输入多输出（MIMO）系统在有限反馈下的一种结合单位预编码与用户调度算法的方案。在该系统中每一用户都具有多个接收天线,该方案具有较大的多用户分集增益和较小的计算复杂度,从而能够减少系统中的用户间干扰。每个用户独立地决定自己的天线合并矢量,并将最优波束矢量以及对应的估计信干噪比通过有限反馈信道反馈给基站,此时基站获取了相应的用户信道信息和用户间干扰信息。基于接收到的反馈信息,基站从预定义的码本中选取和速率最大的最优子集进行系统预编码,然后依照预编码矩阵调度欧氏距离最小的用户且用户个数不超过发送天线的数目。仿真结果显示该方案有效地改善了系统速率,特别是在用户数目较多或者信道环境较好的情况下。     

用于MIMO广播信道的带多波束选择的正交随机波束成形算法

本文提出一种基于有限反馈的波束和用户选择方案,在这种方案中,用户端利用一个随机正交码本对其信道方向信息(CDI)进行量化,计算其最大信号与干扰加噪声功率比(SINR),并把这些信息反馈给基站;基站根据接收到的这些反馈信息,按照和容量最大的准则选择出多个正交波束以及相应的多个用户.和sharif等人最近提出的方案相比,我们提出的方案能根据系统参数,如用户数和信噪比(SNR),对选择的波束成形矢量及其对应的用户的数量和集合进行调整,当用户数量较小时,和容量性能得到了很大的提升,同时避免了选择波束成形矢量时的用户冲突,另外,基站也不需要广播波束成形矢量给各个用户.     

改进的下行MIMO随机波束赋形算法

现有多输入多输出(MIMO)技术中,用户通常选择采用随机波束赋形(RBF)方法,而在用户数较少时,RBF会因为用户信道与发送信道不能准确匹配而使系统吞吐量下降.本文提出了一种改进的随机波束赋形用户选择策略.首先,中心基站发送信道检测信号,然后在用户端进行信道检测与匹配,按照本文提出的矫正算法反馈信道信息,最后基站根据信道反馈信息向用户发送数据.用户选择的判断标准不再是用户信道和随机发射波束的匹配,而改为用户信道校正后的等效信道与随机发射波束的匹配,这样减少了通信中天线间信号干扰,系统性能得到改善.仿真结果表明:与现有的MIMO用户选择策略相比,本文提出的方法在不明显增加运算复杂度的前提下,提高了发送波束与传输信道的匹配,系统吞吐量得到了提高.     

基于透镜天线阵的毫米波系统波束选择研究

透镜天线阵列下毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统通过波束选择可以大大减少所需的射频链数目,解决系统硬件成本和能耗过高的问题,然而,波束选择需要基站端获取准确的信道状态信息。对此,文章首先利用波束空间的结构特性,采用基于支持检测(SD)的信道估计方案,以较低的导频开销和计算复杂度对大尺寸信道进行更加可靠的估计;其次受仿生学中蚁群优化(ACO)算法的启发,文章提出了一种基于SD估计信道的ACO波束选择方案,该方案既能有效地避免用户间波束的干扰,又能最大限度地提高系统和速率;最后,仿真结果表明,该方案能够得到计算复杂度显著降低的近优解,在提高系统和速率方面优于现有方案。     

基于信道相关统计及有限反馈的多基站协作波束成型

为减少多基站协作波束成形系统中基站间的信息交换量和用户信道信息反馈量,提出一种基站联合利用有限反馈信道参数和信道空间相关矩阵估计信道矢量函数的方法;基于所估计的信道矢量函数,提出一种多基站协作扩展迫零波束成形算法。相比已有的多基站协作波束成形方案,所提算法能在反馈/回程开销和系统性能之间取得更合理的折中,计算仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

多用户MIMO系统下行链路的随机多波束复用技术

该文提出了一种随机多波束多用户复用技术,充分利用多用户分集以及基站多天线的空间自由度来提高系统吞吐量。不同于传统的随机波束形成技术,该技术首先在给定预编码码本内随机选取一个码字,然后调度多个空分复用用户以及其余预编码矩阵。该文采用了一种逐次调度的方式,第一次训练调度一个主发送用户并确定一个次发送预编码矩阵,通过第二次训练选择次发送用户,这种方式能以很小的反馈开销有效控制复用用户之间的相互干扰。同时,该文所提技术能进一步推广到用户具有不同天线配置的异构情形。仿真结果表明,该文技术在具有不同相关性的信道环境下都能获得较优的系统吞吐量。     

针对非理想定时同步的多模协作多点传输

针对非理想定时同步对协作多点传输的负面影响,提出了多模协作多点传输算法。通过推导协作波束成形模式和联合处理模式在非理想定时同步条件下的平均可达速率,得到模式选择变量和模式选择门限。在多模协作多点传输算法中,用户首先对定时同步误差进行估计,并计算其模式选择变量和模式选择门限。然后用户选择协作多点传输的下行传输模式,并将其选择结果反馈给协作基站。最后,根据各用户的反馈,协作基站以最大化平均可达传输速率为准则,自适应地在协作波束成形模式和联合处理模式之间切换。仿真结果表明多模协作多点传输算法在定时同步误差较小时,采用联合处理模式,以保持空间复用增益,在定时同步误差较大时,采用协作波束成形模式,以避免用户间的额外干扰。因此,在非理想定时同步误差条件下,多模协作多点传输算法比仅采用协作波束成形模式或联合处理模式的传统协作多点传输算法具有更好的性能。     

基于有限反馈的非可信中继系统的物理层安全性能分析

在基于有限反馈获得部分信道状态信息的条件下,研究了放大转发非可信中继系统的物理层安全传输技术.通过目的节点发送人工噪声干扰信息,使系统获得了正安全容量.推导了安全中断概率和传输中断概率的闭合表达式,分析了反馈比特数对系统安全性和可靠性的影响,进而提出了能同时兼顾系统安全性和可靠性的最优反馈比特数的自适应选择方案.     

基于机会通信的多天线蜂窝系统小区间干扰协调

通过研究有限反馈波束赋形蜂窝系统中小区间同信道干扰变化的特性,提出了一种基于机会通信的有限权值机会波束方法。该方法通过在预先设计的有限数量的赋形权值码本中随机选择赋形权值,使目标小区的干扰变化与邻小区用户调度无关,从而使干扰测量和速率预测更为准确,降低了反馈时延和干扰变化造成的中断率。理论分析和仿真均表明:采用正比公平调度的有限权值机会波束与有限反馈波束赋形具有相近的发射速率,从而系统吞吐量得到提高。     

基于有限反馈的MIMO系统自适应调制

该文利用信道的特征矢量,将MIMO高斯信道转化成混合信道,结合功率分配给出了自适应调制方案,使系统容量在发射功率和服务质量约束下达到最大。发射端所需的波束成形和功率分配等信息利用有限的比特反馈到发射端。仿真结果表明:在小信噪比的情况下,该自适应调制方案对系统容量有明显改善。     

A Limited Feedback SDMA Scheme with Dynamic Multiplexing Order

The employment of a fixed number of active beams in limited feedback SDMA schemes usually results in severe inter-user interferences in sparse networks. Targeting a good tradeoff between the multiplexing gain and the inter-user interferences, this paper proposes a novel kind of limited feedback SDMA scheme, which employs a variable number of active beams, i.e., a dynamic multiplexing order. The proposed two transmit schemes consist of the modification of conventional feedback information and the development of two novel scheduling algorithms based on a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of possible user interferences. More specifically, the ML estimation utilizes a combination of the feedback partial instantaneous channel state information (CSI) and the long-term channel correlation, and the two new scheduling algorithms select the active beam subset as well as the user group with the criterion of maximizing the estimated sum throughput. Simulation results demonstrate that in sparse networks the proposed SDMA schemes considerably outperform some conventional schemes in terms of the sum throughput, with a comparable feedback overhead.     

Optimal Beam Subset and User Selection for Orthogonal Random Beamforming

The throughput performance of orthogonal random beamforming (ORBF) with a finite number of users is limited due to the increasing amount of residual interference. In this letter, we find the optimal beam subset, the optimal user set, and the optimal number of random beams to maximize the sum throughput of the ORBF. The proposed scheme provides the best trade-off between the multiplexing gain and the multiuser interference by the determination of the optimal number of random beams as well as the beam selection diversity gain due to the selection of the optimal beam subset. In addition, two efficient suboptimal schemes are presented to reduce the computational complexity and the feedback overhead of the optimal method.     

The Role of the Queueing Process in the Performance of Downlink SDMA Systems

The queueing process plays a crucial role in the performance that a Downlink SDMA system can achieve as it interacts with other system parameters such as the number of antennas, the traffic load and the number of active mobile nodes (MNs). This paper analyzes these interactions from the link-layer perspective, which has been traditionally ignored in the analysis of such systems. As a reference, a finite-buffer upper-bound queuing model able to predict the optimal system performance in terms of throughput (blocking probability) and system delay is presented. A comparative analysis between the considered system performance and the performance provided by the upper-bound queueing model allows to foresee the situations in which a Downlink SDMA system is underperforming and understand the reasons that cause this low performance. This knowledge is essential for the design of packet-based scheduling algorithms in order to maximize the system performance in a broad range of situations.     

高铁毫米波最优自适应波束成形与联合传输

高铁车地移动通信系统的吞吐量不仅受到频谱的限制,而且受到高移动性的限制,已成为制约智能高铁发展的重要瓶颈。一种提高系统吞吐量的有效方法是使用拥有较宽连续频谱的毫米波频段以及使用大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)和多波束成形技术。然而,使用固定波束宽度的多波束流在列车高速行驶过程中会产生严重的波束间干扰,因此,论文提出了基于最优波束宽度的自适应波束成形和联合传输方案。当列车距离基站较近时,激活全部波束,实现波束的空间复用,提高系统容量和传输可靠性。当列车距离基站较远时,为了避免波束间的严重干扰,用更多的天线阵元形成较少的波束,获得更大的波束增益,并与相邻基站进行波束联合传输,提升系统的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,与现有波束成形及传统自适应选择方案相比,所提方案吞吐量在小区边缘附近可以提升超过150%。     

Codebook‐Based Precoding for SDMA‐OFDMA with Spectrum Sharing

This paper focuses on codebook‐based precoding for space‐division multiple access/orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (SDMA‐OFDMA) systems aiming to guarantee high throughput for their users as well as to mitigate interference to fixed satellite service (FSS). A systematic design of SDMA codebook for subband‐based OFDMA is proposed, which forms multiple orthogonal beams with common spatial null in the direction of a victim FSS earth station (ES). The design enables both transmitter and receiver to independently construct identical codebook by sharing only on the direction angle of an FSS ES, which takes fewer overhead bits than Gram‐Schmidt process, a general method satisfying our design criterion. A system‐level throughput evaluation shows that the proposed precoding provides superior performance over existing spectrum sharing method, that is, subband deactivation. The spectrum sharing analysis shows that the proposed precoding, even with an estimation error of the direction angles of an FSS ES, causes lower interference than existing precoding, knockdown precoding.     

A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Multiplexing Techniques for Outdoor MIMO-OFDM Systems with a Limited Feedback Constraint

In this paper, we analyze spatial multiplexing techniques for the downlink of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Our study is focused on outdoor environments characterized by a moderate angular spread. We consider two techniques that are able to separate the downlink data streams associated with different users and to guarantee a fixed error probability by exploiting limited feedback from each user. The grid of beams (GoBs) and the proposed adaptive GoB (AGoB) differ in the way the precoders are designed (by adaptive or fixed processing) and in their scheduling policy. The new AGoB is able to harness partial knowledge of the downlink channel spatial structure to better select the users and adjust their precoders for downlink transmission. The performances of GoB and AGoB are compared in this paper in terms of throughput and cell coverage capability. The radio interface is adapted to fit the requirements for the adaptive modulation and coding with advanced antenna system (AMC-AAS) mode of the IEEE 802.16-2005 standard. Numerical results show that, as long as the channel exhibits a limited angular spread at the base station, the AGoB technique is able to provide significant throughput gains compared with the fixed GoB approach. On the other hand, large angular spreads are proved to have a substantial impact on system performance as the benefits of adaptation are significantly reduced.     

Enhanced multiuser random beamforming: dealing with the not so large number of users case

We consider the downlink of a wireless system with an M-antenna base station and K single-antenna users. A limited feedback-based scheduling and precoding scenario is considered that builds on the multiuser random beamforming (RBF). Such a scheme was shown to yield the same capacity scaling, in terms of multiplexing and multiuser diversity gain, as the optimal full CSIT-based (channel state information at transmitter) precoding scheme, in the large number of users K regime. Unfortunately, for more practically relevant (low to moderate) K values, RBF yields degraded performance. In this work, we investigate solutions to this problem. We introduce a two-stage framework that decouples the scheduling and beamforming problems. In our scenario, RBF is exploited to identify good, spatially separable, users in a first stage. In the second stage, the initial random beams are refined based on the available feedback to offer improved performance toward the selected users. Specifically, we propose beam power control techniques that do not change the direction of the second-stage beams, offering feedback reduction and performance tradeoffs. The common feature of these schemes is to restore robustness of RBF with respect to sparse network settings (low K), at the cost of moderate complexity increase.     

Teletraffic Analysis of SDMA-Systems with Inhomogeneous MS Location Distribution and Mobility

One of the most widely used buzzwords in mobile communications of the recent years is Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The introduction of an additional space domain multiple access component is likely to boost system capacity, due to the spatial reuse of physical channels within one cell. While early approaches of SDMA system modelling show capacity to be gained in the order of 300 to 400%, there remains some more in depth system analysis to be done, as inhomogeneities in the user distribution are expected to likely cause dramatic drops in the additional capacity gained by SDMA. The spatial distribution of terminals directly influences the number of channels to be gained by spatial multiplexing. Therefore, it is not until detailed models for user distribution, user mobility and the traffic load generated by users are combined with a model of the SDMA radio subsystem, that realistic approximations for these capacity gains are possible. In this paper, we discuss the issues in modelling and simulation of SDMA systems. We present an approach for integrated SDMA system modelling, discuss analytic teletraffic dimensioning methods for macro- and microcellular environments and their relevance to SDMA systems, and present some early simulation results.     

空间相关莱斯衰落信道下基于部分信道信息的多用户预编码与调度算法

在空间相关的莱斯衰落信道模型下,针对多用户MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)系统潜在的多用户分集增益和空间分集增益,该文提出了一种基于部分信道信息的多用户预编码与调度算法。结合部分瞬时信道信息和统计信息,利用约束最大似然估计对各用户信道矢量进行估计,然后利用估计的各用户信道调度多个用户进行预编码。仿真结果表明,该方案以较少的反馈开销,获得了较大的性能增益。     

MIMO Broadcast Scheduling with Limited Feedback

We consider multiuser scheduling with limited feedback of partial channel state information in MIMO broadcast channels. By using spatial multiplexing at the base station (BS) and antenna selection for each user, we propose a multiuser scheduling method that allocates independent information streams from all M transmit antennas to the M most favorable users with the highest signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). A close approximation of the achievable sum-rate throughput for the proposed method is obtained and shown to match the simulation results very well. Moreover, two reduced feedback scheduling approaches are proposed. In the first approach, which we shall refer to as selected feedback scheduling, the users are selected based on their SINR compared to a predesigned threshold. Only those selected users are allowed to feed back limited information to the BS. The resultant feedback load and achievable throughput are derived. It will then be demonstrated that with a proper choice of the threshold, the feedback load can be greatly reduced with a negligible performance loss. The second reduced feedback scheduling approach employs quantization for each user, in which only few bits of quantized SINR are fed back to the BS. Performance analysis will show that even with only 1-bit quantization, the proposed quantized feedback scheduling approach can exploit the multiuser diversity at the expense of slight decrease of throughput.