重型燃气轮机通流部分热力特性计算与仿真研究

以某F级单轴重型燃气轮机通流部分热力特性为研究对象,通过模块化建模方法在MATLAB/Simulink平台中建立燃机系统仿真模型,对燃气轮机典型截面上压缩空气和高温燃气沿转子轴向的特性进行仿真研究。提出了一种结合表征压气机级特性的基元级算法和根据抽气点位置划分的压缩级建模方法的压气机仿真模型。由于燃机通流部分工质的温度变化较大,而且伴随着燃烧反应及燃气与冷却空气混流问题,为保证仿真精度,该模型采用变比热容公式计算空气和燃气的热力参数,并对工质组分质量分数进行详细计算,还考虑了容积惯性和转动惯性对整个系统模型的影响。结果表明,该仿真模型在实际应用中能够满足建模精度的要求。     

三分仓空气预热器热力计算的研究

给出了回转式三分仓空气预热器传热计算的模型和求解方法，并定义了三分仓空气预热器的传热系数和温压，屏蔽了空气预热器转子热容，给出了不涉及转子本身热参数的计算方法。该方法不仅有足够的传热计算精度．更适于三分仓空气预热器的积灰状态在线实时监测。同时分析了转子单位时间热容X，对三分仓空气预热器传热的影响。图5表2参5     

基于Simscape的重型燃气轮机建模与仿真研究

现代重型燃气轮机的二次空气约占总空气通流量的20%左右,对燃气轮机整体性能有着不可忽略的影响。为研究二次空气对重型燃气轮机的影响,采用Simscape语言编写了燃气轮机通用模块库,利用模块库搭建了重型燃气轮机模型,并验证了模型的正确性。最后,进行了变工况仿真实验,结果表明二次空气冷却系统可以在保护高温透平的同时提高压气机效率,从而优化了燃气轮机整体性能。     

旋转盘腔流动特性试验技术方法与传热数值计算模型

主要针对旋转盘腔流动特性试验方法,对其流动结构分析试验方法,传热试验以及总压降试验进行详细分析论证,以此探索处于旋转状态时盘腔的内部流动和换热特性,从而为航空发动机的空气系统设计与热分析提供重要依据。同时,依据盘腔内部两相流动特性,基于Fluent软件的Mixture模型与Eulerian模型分析,以期为传热数值计算模拟奠定坚实的基础条件。通过旋转盘腔流动特性试验技术方法与传热数值计算模型探索分析,进一步为后续旋转盘腔流动换热实验研究提供了有力帮助。     

燃气轮机二次空气系统的设计要求与布置特点分析

燃气轮机内部的二次空气系统是用于透平高温部件的冷却与保护、密封及腔室增压,二次空气系统的合理设计对燃气轮机的热效率与运行安全性具有重要影响,本文结合某型燃气轮机的热力循环及透平结构特点分析了二次空气系统的功能、设计要求及系统布置特点。     

四分仓回转式空气预热器三维数值分析

针对四分仓回转式空气预热器实际运行中存在的低温腐蚀问题,基于CFD软件Fluent,将转子受热面温度定义为用户自定义标量(UDS)并求解标量方程,建立了四分仓回转式空气预热器的传热三维数值模型.以某300 MW循环流化床锅炉的四分仓空气预热器为例,模拟得到工质和受热面的三维温度分布,分析了转子热段和冷段受热面传热性能存在差异的原因.结果表明:受热面板型和板材的不同是造成热段、冷段受热面传热性能和传热量差异的主要原因;右二次风仓的热段入口处受热面是发生低温腐蚀的危险区域,使其壁温高于酸露点可有效减缓低温腐蚀.     

大功率汽轮机凝汽器汽相流动与传热特性的数值分析

介绍凝汽器汽相流场与传热特性的数值计算方法及算例分析。该计算方法采用多孔介质模型，以分布阻力和分布质量汇分别模拟冷却管束区的蒸汽流动阻力和凝结效应，利用控制容积积分法及解压力耦合方程的半隐式方法数值求解控制方程组，得出汽相速度、温度、压力、空气浓度、传热系数及热负荷等重要参数的分布。经试验研究表明，该方法能较好地预测凝汽器的工作特性以及管束布置对汽相流场和传热特性的影响。图９参８。     

燃气轮机拉杆转子有限元模型研究及临界转速计算

现代燃气轮机转子主要为拉杆转子,其形式分为中心单根或周向多根拉杆.无论哪种形式,拉杆转子已经不再是连续结构,轮盘之间的接触面将对转子动力学特性产生影响.首先分析了拉杆转子的受力情况,然后考虑接触面接触刚度对转子动力特性的影响,对传统的有限元方法进行了改进,并编写了相应的计算程序.最后计算了光轴、一对接触圆盘算例和某型真实燃气轮机拉杆转子的临界转速,并分别与传统有限元方法、三维有限元方法和测量值进行比较,验证了该改进有限元模型的正确性和有效性.     

碳化硅泡沫陶瓷空气吸热器的动态仿真研究

在Modelica语言和Dymola软件平台的基础上,建立塔式太阳能热发电系统中碳化硅泡沫陶瓷空气吸热器的一维非稳态仿真模型。仿真模型中采用体积对流换热系数和Rosseland辐射传递方程描述对流换热和辐射传热过程,空气热物性参数随温度和压力变化。该模型的仿真结果正确性得到空气吸热器实验平台的实测验证,可用于以碳化硅泡沫陶瓷为吸热体的空气吸热器动态特性预测。     

基于图像处理的建筑群室外热环境数学模型及实例分析

针对早期规划阶段的建筑群室外热环境问题,为建筑群空气流动建立了区域网络流动模型(即用建筑、地面等围成不同的流动区域),并通过各个流动区域的开口将这些流动区域连接起来构成网络模型;同时对建筑群中的建筑和地面建立了辐射、导热数学模型.在整体的数学模型中考虑了太阳直射、太阳散射、反射辐射、长波辐射、空气流动换热、建筑的外围护结构传热、地面传热等因素,分别以建筑、地面、空气为对象,建立热平衡方程进行耦合求解.同时,应用数字图像技术,实现了数字图像与建筑群室外热环境数学模型的结合.并通过实体建筑群的模拟分析和实测比较,验证了该模型的合理性.     

燃气轮机空气冷却系统建模及计算分析

本文以某型燃气轮机透平叶片的空气冷却系统为研究对象。在分析叶片的内部冷却方式、结构及冷却空气流路构成的基础上,将空气冷却系统模化为由大量不同的通流单元以串连或分支方式组成的复杂网络系统。选用适当的经验关系式或试验关联式计算空气流经各通流单元的压力损失与换热量,建立了描述冷却空气流动与换热特性的流量方程组、压力方程组和温度方程组。采用逐步简化空气冷却系统的方式,求解空气冷却系统内流量的分配。采用以改进并修正的高斯消去法为基础的一种稳定的大型稀疏矩阵线性方程组解法来求解空气冷却系统内空气的压力与温度分布。可以计算得到各流路的压力、温度和流量的分布等参数。     

Flowfield and heat transfer past an unshrouded gas turbine blade tip with different shapes

This paper describes the numerical investigations of flow and heat transfer in an unshrouded turbine rotor blade of a heavy duty gas turbine with four tip configurations. By comparing the calculated contours of heat transfer coefficients on the flat tip of the HP turbine rotor blade in the GE-E³ aircraft engine with the corresponding experimental data, the κ-ω turbulence model was chosen for the present numerical simulations. The inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the turbine rotor blade are specified as the real gas turbine, which were obtained from the 3D full stage simulations. The rotor blade and the hub endwall are rotary and the casing is stationary. The influences of tip configurations on the tip leakage flow and blade tip heat transfer were discussed. It’s showed that the different tip configurations changed the leakage flow patterns and the pressure distributions on the suction surface near the blade tip. Compared with the flat tip, the total pressure loss caused by the leakage flow was decreased for the full squealer tip and pressure side squealer tip, while increased for the suction side squealer tip. The suction side squealer tip results in the lowest averaged heat transfer coefficient on the blade tip compared to the other tip configurations.     

基于F级燃气轮机透平转子的热分析数值模拟

以某型F级燃气轮机透平转子为研究对象,采用适用于透平转子热分析的物理建模方法,通过增加部分动叶和隔板结构,准确模拟透平盘顶部的热量传递。应用ANSYS软件完成了透平转子换热和热-结构耦合的数值模拟,确定了工程上透平转子热分析的流程及相应的收敛准则,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统流体的动力特性

将燃气透平冷却空气系统模化为由大量不同通流单元以串连或并联方式组成的复杂网络系统,采用有向图的关联矩阵描述了该复杂网络的结构特征;选用适当的试验关联式计算空气流经各通流单元的压力损失与换热量,并建立了冷却空气流动与换热特性的流量、压力和温度方程组;采用逐步简化冷却空气网络系统的方式,求解冷却空气系统内流量的分配;采用以改进并修正的高斯消去法为基础的一种稳定的大型稀疏矩阵线性方程组来求解冷却空气系统内空气的压力与温度分布;在此基础上,编制出冷却空气系统流动特性的通用计算程序,并对某燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统特性进行了计算与分析,结果表明:第一级静叶与动叶的冷却空气消耗量分别占空气流量的3.97%和2.88%,与文献报道的同类型机组(西门子V94.3)的数值接近.     

舰船燃气轮机高压涡轮动叶多维热耦合设计方法

针对舰船燃气轮机复杂高效冷却叶片设计,基于压力修正算法建立冷却叶片一维管网设计方法;通过快速求解可压缩边界层微分方程获得叶片外换热边界,基于参数化的叶片网格生成方法,采用全隐式有限体积的固体导热求解方法,构建了冷却叶片的耦合传热模型,开发了耦合传热计算程序。对某高压涡轮动叶进行多维热耦合设计,确定冷却流路及冷气分布,通过三维气热耦合计算验证了设计方案的可行性,通过对比分析验证了多维热耦合设计方法对主要流通单元的流量、压力误差小于5%,具备较高的工程应用价值。     

Heat transfer and aerodynamics of complex shroud leakage flows in a low-pressure turbine

A numerical investigation on over-shroud & inter-shroud leakage flow has been carried out to explore the underneath flow physics at the stage of shrouded Low Pressure(LP) turbine.Compared with the No inter-Shroud gap’s Leakage flow Model(NSLM) and With inter-Shroud gap’s Leakage flow Model(WSLM),the aerodynamic characteristics and the heat transfer performance have been studied.Through the aerodynamic point of view,it is concluded that due to the pressure difference between the rotor’s passage and the over-shroud cavity,in the stream-wise direction,flow structure has been modified,and the inter-shroud leakage flow may even cause flow separation in the vicinity of the blade passage’s throat.In the circumferential direction,separation flows appear over the rotor’s shroud surface(upper platform of the shroud).Meanwhile,from the point of view of heat transfer,further provision on contour maps of the non-dimensional Nusselt number reveals that the reattachment of leakage flow would enhance the heat transfer rates and endanger the rotor’s labyrinth fins over the shroud.However,due to the limited amount of inter-shroud leakage flow(current computational model),temperature distribution variation along the blade surface(near the rotor’s tip section) seems to have only minor insignificant differences.At the end of the paper,the author puts forward some recommendations for the purpose of future successful turbine design.     

基于NX二次开发的大型风机桨叶参数化建模

风机桨叶作为捕捉风能的关键零部件,其复杂表面是三维建模的难点.以2 MW风机桨叶为依托,对桨叶参数化建模进行研究,开发出基于NX的桨叶参数化建模程序,用户只需输入风机基本参数可快速生成桨叶三维模型.缩短了建模周期,提高了模型精确度,为桨叶的气动外形优化和模态分析提供三维模型.     

F级燃气轮机转子空气系统计算研究

根据传热学和流体动力学理论,对燃气轮机空气系统流体动力学的计算方法进行了研究。得到了燃气轮机空气系统相关参数的计算模型。该方法易于理解,与模拟结果符合较好,计算精度满足实际工程分析需要。     

Fundamental Mechanisms That Influence the Estimate of Heat Transfer to Gas Turbine Blades

The quest for improved efficiency has motivated the elevation of turbine inlet temperatures in all types of advanced aircraft gas turbines. The accommodation of higher gas temperatures necessitates complex blade cooling schemes so as not to sacrifice structural integrity and operational life in advanced engine designs. Estimates of the heat transfer from the gas to stationary (vanes) or rotating blades poses a major uncertainty because of the complexity of the heat transfer processes. The gas flow through these blade rows is three-dimensional with complex secondary viscous flow patterns that interact with the end walls and blade surfaces. In addition, upstream disturbances, stagnation flow, curvature effects, and flow acceleration complicate the thermal transport mechanisms in the boundary layers. Some of these fundamental heat transfer effects will be discussed. The chief purpose of this paper is to acquaint those in the heat transfer community, who are not directly involved in gas turbines, with the seriousness of the problem and to recommend some basic research that would improve the predictions of gas-side heat transfer on turbine blades and vanes.     

Modeling and simulation of compressed air storage in caverns: A case study of the Huntorf plant

An accurate dynamic simulation model for compressed air energy storage (CAES) inside caverns has been developed. Huntorf gas turbine plant is taken as the case study to validate the model. Accurate dynamic modeling of CAES involves formulating both the mass and energy balance inside the storage. In the ground reservoir based storage bed, the heat transfer from the ground reservoir plays an important role in predicting the cavern storage behavior and is therefore taken into account. The heat transfer coefficient between the cavern walls and the air inside the cavern is accurately modeled based on the real tests data obtained from the Huntorf plant trial tests. Finally the model is validated based on a typical daily schedule operation of the Huntorf plant. A comparison is also made with the results obtained from adiabatic and isothermal assumptions inside the cavern to gain further insights. Such accurate modeling of cavern dynamics will affect the design of the cavern storage beds for future explorations.