柴油清净剂的研究进展与应用概况

在柴油中添加清净剂可以清除发动机沉积物,降低功率损失.综述了柴油清净剂的发展历史与研究进展,介绍了国内外柴油清净性的评价方法,考察了国内柴油清净剂的质量状况并讨论了清净剂在实际使用中对发动机的影响,最后对柴油清净剂的未来发展做了展望.     

Mannich碱柴油清净剂的研究进展

介绍了Mannich碱柴油清净剂的合成条件、清净性能及在其它方面的应用,报道了Mannich碱清净剂的研究进展,评述了一些以Mannich碱为主剂的柴油清净剂的清净功效,并展望其应用前景。     

发动机燃油清净剂的研究进展

介绍了近几年有关汽油柴油清净剂方面的研究进展。对用做燃油清净剂的一些化合物进行了归类，并从功能与清净性上予以分析评述。     

柴油清净剂清净性研究

在XUD-9柴油发动机台架上,采用中国石油化工行业推荐标准SH/T—2005《柴油机喷嘴结焦试验方法》,研究清洁性不同的柴油对柴油机喷嘴结焦阻塞的影响。实验结果显示：加入有效的柴油清净剂,对柴油机喷嘴具有显著的清洁效果;我国车用柴油的清净性能与国外相比差距较大。     

润滑油清净剂金属化工艺研究进展

润滑油金属清净剂是内燃机油不可缺少的一类主要添加剂。本文综述了润滑油金属清净剂制备过程中金属化工艺的研究进展及典型的金属化工艺过程,介绍了清净剂金属化过程中所使用的促进剂的种类及应用情况,论述了清净剂金属化反应机理的研究现状及进展,指出了润滑油清净剂金属化工艺今后的研究方向。     

兆牌车用燃料多效复合剂通过鉴定

北京兆鸿源科技发展中心研制和开发的“兆牌车用燃料多效复合剂 (也称多效清净剂 )”日前通过了由中国石油和化学工业协会组织的专家鉴定。专家认为 ,该产品性能优异 ,具有创新性 ,居国内领先水平。该产品是一种具有清除、保洁、分散、抗氧、防锈等多功能的复合添加剂 ,适用于各种类型车用发动机的汽油、柴油。通过清净剂的抗沉积和表面活性作用 ,将油品中所含极性物质和水分细化、分散 ,通过“微爆”作用 ,使燃油充分燃烧 ,同时将化油器、喷嘴、进气阀等处的沉积物清除掉 ,使部件保持表面清洁 ,油路畅通。该多效清净剂具有以下特点 :明显减…     

汽油清净剂的发展与展望

回顾了汽油清净剂的发展历史 ,概述了汽油清净剂的作用机理和效果 ,并对我国汽油清净剂的推广和应用提出了建议。     

我国辛醇生产与市场分析

辛醇(又名正辛醇)是重要的有机化工原料,主要用于制造邻苯二甲酸酯类和脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂。辛醇及其衍生物可用作制造柴油和润滑油的添加剂,也可用作照相、造纸、涂料及印染工业的溶剂及消泡剂,陶瓷工业釉浆分散剂、矿石浮选剂、清净剂等。     

沉积板法检测车用乙醇汽油清净性研究

车用乙醇汽油清净性的好坏直接影响汽车发动机的使用性能,加入清净剂可以改善和保持发动机的良好工况,减少油耗和尾气排放。采用模拟沉积物试验板法对车用乙醇汽油和加入清净剂的车用乙醇汽油进行检验,得出未加清净剂和加入清净剂的车用乙醇汽油的清净效果,可以评价车用乙醇汽油清净剂。实验结果表明,车用乙醇汽油清净剂能够很好地起到去除进气阀沉积物的作用,用加入实验助剂的方法,能够更加有效的评价车用乙醇汽油清净剂的使用效果。     

聚醚胺、聚烯胺复合清净剂的制备与应用

主要探究了清净剂对汽车发动机燃烧室、进气阀积碳及尾气排放的影响。制备出了一种聚醚胺清净剂、一种聚烯胺清净剂,通过M111法分别检测两种清净剂对燃烧室和进气阀沉积物的影响。并将聚醚胺、聚烯胺清净剂进行复合,通过台架试验检测复合清净剂对燃烧室、进气阀积碳和耗油量的影响。通过双怠速试验检测复合清净剂对汽车尾气排放中HC、CO的影响。结果表明复合清净剂中聚醚胺含量为300ppm聚烯胺含量为200ppm时效果最佳,能够降低碳排放与燃烧室、进气阀积碳。复合清净剂在降低碳排放方面效果显著。     

Hydrogenated monoterpenes as diesel fuel additives

Myrcene and limonene were hydrogenated to their fully saturated forms, 2,6-dimethyloctane and 1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane, respectively. Mixtures of diesel fuel and up to 10% of each saturated hydrocarbon were tested by ASTM D975 to evaluate the 2,6-dimethyloctane and 1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane as diesel fuel additives. The results showed that all tested mixtures were within the acceptable ranges specified by ASTM for diesel fuel and that the additives lowered the measured cloud point, compared to the base diesel fuel. Saturated limonene had positive effects on viscosity, as well. As myrcene and limonene are produced naturally in plants, these species represent a renewable route to fuel additives.     

Physical and chemical properties of ethanol-diesel fuel blends

This paper discusses the physical-chemical properties of ethanol-diesel fuel blends. The attention is focused on the properties which influence the injection and engine characteristics significantly. Main properties have been investigated experimentally. The analysis of experimentally obtained fuel properties of tested fuels and their influence on engine characteristics are presented. Physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and ethanol-diesel fuel blends were measured according to requirements and test methods for diesel fuel (EN590, 2003). The tested fuels were neat mineral diesel fuel (D100), 5% (v/v) ethanol/diesel fuel blend (E05D95), 10% (v/v) ethanol-diesel fuel blend (E10D90) and 15% (v/v) ethanol-diesel fuel blend (E15D85). It has been proved that, for ethanol-diesel fuel blends, some additives are necessary to keep stability under low temperature conditions. Also, cold weather properties test, such as cloud point and pour point tests are negatively affected by phase separation. The rest of the properties, excepting flash point, were within diesel fuel standard specifications. Based on this study, it can be concluded that using additives to avoid phase separation and to raise flash point, blends of diesel fuel with ethanol up to 15% can be used to fuel diesel engines if engine performance tests corroborate it.     

Effects of diesel particulate trap and addition of di-methoxy-methane,di-methoxy-propane to diesel on emission characteristics of a diesel engine

The objective of this investigation was to improve the performance of a diesel engine by adding oxygenated fuel additives of known percentages. The fuel additives di-methoxy-methane (DMM) and di-methoxy-propane (DMP) were separately blended with diesel fuel in proportions of 1 ml, 3 ml and 5 ml. The experimental study was carried out on a single cylinder DI diesel engine. The result showed an appreciable reduction of emissions such as smoke density, particulate matter and marginal increase in the performance when compared with normal diesel run. The same engine was employed with diesel particulate trap (DPT) in the exhaust pipe to study its influence on the emission analysis.     

Fuel additives based on shale oil

Multifunctional diesel fuel additives SOMAN and SO-2E were obtained on the basis of kukersite shale oil fractions. Possibilities for the practical application of the additives in diesel engines under actual service conditions were considered. It was shown that the use of the additives decreases fuel consumption and improves the performance characteristics of the engine, including reduction in the amount of exhaust gases.     

Effect of a Shale Oil–Based Additive on the Properties of Biodiesel Fuel

Multifunctional diesel fuel additives SOMAN and SO-2E were obtained on the basis of kukersite shale oil fractions. Possibilities for the practical application of the additives in diesel engines under actual service conditions were considered. It was shown that the use of the additives decreases fuel consumption and improves the performance characteristics of the engine, including reduction in the amount of exhaust gases.     

国外柴油车减少排放污染的发展趋势

叙述了美国和欧共体柴油车排放法规和最新发展及世界主要固定柴油质量和规格的最新发展趋势，报道了柴油组成和性质对排放物影响的主要研究结果；分析了减少柴油车排放污染的主要措施，例如改进发动机、改进炼油工艺、采用尾气处理、采用颗粒物过滤－捕集器及采用减少尾气排污的三类柴油添加剂，最后提出了几点建议。     

Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Nanoparticles (D _p < 50 nm), which are formed as diesel engine exhaust cools and dilutes, constitute minority of total particle mass but majority of total particle number. There are several different theories to explain the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust. The two main theories are homogeneous binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, and ion-induced nucleation. This study examined the ion-induced nucleation theory. In order to test the ionic nucleation theory, the charged fraction of the diesel particles were measured as a function of particle size using regular diesel fuel in this study. A very small amount of charge was found for the diesel nanoparticles in the nuclei mode, whereas there was a large charged fraction for the diesel particles in the accumulation mode. If ion-induced nucleation were the dominant mechanism for the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust, one would expect a significant charge on the nuclei mode particles. The results from this study suggest that ion-induced binary nucleation is at least not a dominant mechanism for the nucleation of diesel exhaust when using regular diesel fuel.

This study also examined the influence of metal additives on nucleation and particle charging. The metal additives examined are of the type used to enhance particle oxidation in diesel particulate filters. When used, the additives led to a large increase in the concentration of solid particles in the nuclei mode, and significantly raised the level of particle charge for particles of all sizes. When additives were used, some of the solid particles in the nuclei mode carried a charge. We believe that these metal related particles form early enough in the combustion process to be charged by ions present during and shortly after combustion.     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的研究及应用进展

本文主要介绍了研制柴油十六烷值改进剂的重要意义、种类和作用机理,并介绍了典型十六烷值改进剂的特点.十六烷值改进剂受热容易分解产生活性自由基、降低了柴油的自燃点,从而缩短了滞燃期,改善了发动机的燃烧性能.另外,指出了十六烷值改进剂应具备的物理化学性质和发展方向,并提出了发展建议.     

Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with diesel-nitrogenated additives

In present work the effects of nitromethane (NM) and nitroethane (NE) as nitrogenated additives on physical properties, combustion performance, and emission of diesel fuel, were studied. Nitrogenated additives have high oxygen content and are considered as oxygenated additives. These additives were blended with diesel fuel, in 1/9 volume ratio. The experimental study was carried out on ECE R-96 8-modes cycle. The result showed that the use of additives reduces viscosity but increases cetane index. In addition, nitrogenated additives increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while reduced certain exhaust emissions. Results of AVL SPC 472_MCE97 analysis showed that the addition of NE can reduce the overall smoke value by 44%. The smoke emission decreased at the maximum torque speed (1500 rpm) rather than at the rated power speed (2200 rpm).