水力驱动控制棒极限落棒冷态原理实验

针对控制棒水力驱动系统在摩擦力卡棒和倒置等极限工况下的堆问题，根据控制棒水力驱动系统的工作原理，提出了步进缸内腔卸压的解决方法，并在200MW低温核供热堆控制棒水力驱动系统的1：1实验台架上进行了冷态实验。结果表明：控制棒的落棒速度明显提高，棒外与棒内差压在卸压一定时间后能够达到较高的数值。说明水力驱动控制棒在冷态摩擦力卡棒和倒置等极限条件下,能够克服一定量的摩擦阻力或能够克服重力插入堆芯。     

水力驱动控制棒冷态极限落棒能力分析

为了验证控制棒水力驱动系统在卡棒和倒置等极限工况下的停堆可靠性，在200MW低温核供热堆控制棒水力驱动系统的1：1实验台架上进行了冷态极限落棒实验，通过对实验结果的分析。得到了在发生卡棒事故时控制棒的落棒能力，揭示了落棒机理，建立了正置时控制棒插入堆芯的模型，并用实验数据验证了该模型的正确性，建立了倒置时控制棒插入堆芯的模型，获得了倒置时控制棒的插棒能力。     

控制棒水力驱动系统不产生弹棒事故的实验研究

控制棒水力驱动系统是一种新型的控制棒驱动机构，它整体封装入压力人与堆习 体化结构设计。本文介绍了由压力筒、水力步进缸、加热器、泵及其设备组成的实验因路和测量系统在高温、高压条件睛压力筒失夺时控制棒的棒位测量实验。实验结果表明，控制棒水力驱动在压力壳失压工况下不产生弹棒事故，系统具有固有安全特性。     

高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构冷态落棒试验研究

高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构是执行反应堆功率调节、紧急停堆的重要核安全设备,具有固有安全特性,当断电后,控制棒能够靠重力快速下落实现停堆。为验证控制棒驱动机构的可靠性,必须对其进行设计分析和试验验证。本文建立了全尺寸的冷态试验台架,并采用1:1的控制棒驱动机构样机,对高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构的落棒功能进行了验证和分析。进行多次全行程及不同高度的落棒实验,验证落棒过程的稳定性,测定控制棒在冷态条件下的落棒时间、落棒速度,试验结果满足规定的限值。对落棒过程进行分析,建立落棒运动方程式,进而得到控制棒运行速度的解析解。理论及试验的结果符合较好,均表明本文研究的控制棒驱动机构落棒可靠具有固有安全特性,为商用高温气冷堆中的实践应用提供了理论依据。     

水力控制棒驱动系统失压工况的实验研究

利用200MW低温核供热堆水力控制棒驱动系统的1：1实验台架模拟系统失压况，进行控制棒步升，步降，开阀落棒及关泵开阀落棒实验，并与正常工况下的提棒，落棒的实验结果进行比较，实验结果表明：在系统失压工况下，控制棒能正常提棒，落棒系统失压工况下的弹棒，系统压力与压力壳压力具有瞬时跟随特性，未出现控制棒弹棒事故，对实验的失压速率和事故分析得到的失压速率进行了比较，验证了系统具有良好的安全性和可靠性。     

高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构冷态落棒试验研究

高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构是执行反应堆功率调节、紧急停堆的重要核安全设备,具有固有安全特性,当断电后,控制棒能够靠重力快速下落实现停堆。为验证控制棒驱动机构的可靠性,必须对其进行设计分析和试验验证。本文建立了全尺寸的冷态试验台架,并采用1:1的控制棒驱动机构样机,对高温气冷堆控制棒驱动机构的落棒功能进行了验证和分析。进行了多次全行程及不同高度的落棒实验,验证了落棒过程的稳定性,测定了控制棒在冷态条件下的落棒时间、落棒速度,试验结果满足规定的限值。对落棒过程进行了分析,建立了落棒运动方程式,进而得到了控制棒运行速度的解析解。理论及试验的结果符合较好,均表明本文研究的控制棒驱动机构落棒可靠具有固有安全特性,为商用高温气冷堆中的实践应用提供了理论依据。     

控制棒水压驱动系统落棒减速性能实验研究

控制棒水压驱动系统是清华大学为低温核供热堆发明的新型的内置式控制棒驱动技术,控制棒水力减速部件是水压驱动系统的关键部件之一,通过其对控制棒落棒过程进行减速,在保证落棒时间的前提下,降低控制棒快速落棒过程的冲击力。分析了水力减速部件组成和工作原理,确定了水力减速箱侧壁开孔方案,完成了不同开孔方案工况下控制棒水压驱动系统冷态落棒减速性能实验,在实验结果的基础上对比和分析了不同方案下的落棒减速机理和落棒过程特征参数随开孔方案的变化规律。分析结果表明:随开孔面积的增大,落棒时间逐渐减小,落棒峰值速度逐渐增大。在开孔面积大于0.004 m~2时,随开孔面积的增大,落棒峰值速度增大过程趋于平缓,落棒稳定速度和落棒延迟时间变化不大,控制棒触碰碟簧速度缓慢增大。实验研究成果为控制棒水压驱动系统落棒减速部件的理论建模和设计优化提供了基础。     

次临界或低功率启动工况下控制棒组失控抽出事故DNBR裕量分析

次临界或低功率启动工况下控制棒组失控抽出事故定义为RCC-P Ⅱ类事故,它一直是核电厂安全分析的极限事故之一。本文以典型三环路压水堆为对象,分析了热停堆状态下不同停堆棒组组合对该事故DNBR裕量的影响。研究表明,通过优化热停堆状态下停堆棒组组合,在保证足够的停堆深度下,可进一步提高典型三环路压水堆核电厂在该事故下的DNBR裕量。     

控制棒水压驱动系统落棒减速部件三维流场分析

控制棒水压驱动系统是清华大学为低温核供热堆研制的新型内置式控制棒驱动技术,控制棒水力减速部件是水压驱动系统的关键部件之一,在保证落棒时间的前提下,通过其对落棒过程进行减速,降低控制棒快速落棒过程的冲击力,避免控制棒十字翼的变形和损坏。本文分析了控制棒水压驱动系统落棒减速机理,利用CFD软件FLUENT对驱动系统水力减速箱流道进行了三维流场数值分析,并分析了对应不同落棒位置水力减速箱流道在不同边界条件下的流场分布特性。在流场分析结果的基础上计算得到了水力减速箱侧壁孔流道和底部缓冲腔流道流量系数随落棒位移的变化,将该结果与驱动系统落棒减速理论模型联立,获得了控制棒落棒位移曲线,理论计算结果同冷态落棒性能实验结果符合得很好,从而验证了流场分析结果的正确性,在此基础上分析了落棒过程减速箱内外差压和落棒速度与水力减速箱流量系数的关系,为控制棒水压驱动系统落棒减速部件的设计和优化提供了指导。     

磁悬浮控制棒驱动线抗震试验研究

为验证设备的稳定性、可靠性以及在极端条件下的安全功能,在地震模拟振动台上,采用一组控制棒驱动线实物作为足尺模型,进行了控制棒驱动线的抗震试验研究。得到了不同的地震输入对控制棒驱动线落棒时间的影响;测量了运行安全地震(SL-1)、极限安全地震(SL-2)水平下,控制棒驱动线的加速度响应值和应变值;验证了不同工况下控制棒驱动线的安全功能。试验数据表明,该驱动线在运行基准地震(OBE)、安全停堆地震(SSE)工况下,均能保持结构的完整性,并能实现运行功能。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.