基于大尺寸纳米金壳的光纤Bragg光栅LSPR折射率传感器研究

利用大尺寸纳米金壳(gold nanoshell,AuNS) 的局域表面等离子体共振(localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR)效应,研究基于光纤Bragg光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG) 的LSPR折射率(refractive index,RI)传感器原理及特性。通过时域有限差分法分析AuNS对传感器RI灵敏 度增强的物理 机制,并构建了基于腐蚀型光纤Bragg光栅(etched fiber Bragg grating,eFBG)的LSPR RI传感器,通过标定获得 传感器在不同 外部折射率(surrounding refractive index,SRI)环境下的响应光谱。实验结果表明:eFBG-LSPR传感器的基于谐振强度变化的 RI灵敏度为 －72.33 dB/RIU,相比eFBG的RI灵敏度提高了约61.3倍 ,验证了理论分析的正确性,该传感器在生化传感、环境监测等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

长径比对金纳米棒折射率传感灵敏度的影响

利用化学种子生长法制备了多种长径比的金纳米棒,通过监测不同折射率下金纳米棒的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)波长移动来研究其折射率传感的灵敏度。实验结果表明,随着纳米棒长径比增加,其折射率传感的灵敏度近似线性地提高。在监测波长范围内,灵敏度从长径比为2.5：1时的216nm/RIU增长至4.2：1时的352nm/RIU。对于长径比为4.2:1的金纳米棒,用离散偶极子近似(DDA)的方法模拟了其折射率传感的灵敏度,与实验结果基本一致。     

探针式结构极大倾角光纤光栅传感器特性研究

针对透射式极大倾角光纤光栅(ExTFG)在工程应用中结构不紧凑、使用不便等问题,该文提出了基于探针式结构的ExTFG传感器。分析了探针式结构的ExTFG的光路原理,提出其制作方法,搭建了探针式结构ExTFG的传感系统,实验研究了在距离ExTFG末端不同位置进行切割并镀银膜构成的传感器探针光谱特性,使用毛细管封装端面,增加传感器稳定性;最后分析探针式结构ExTFG的折射率传感特性。结果表明,对应的切割端面距离栅区越近,谐振峰的损耗越小;相比透射式ExTFG,探针式结构ExTFG的TM模和TE模的折射率灵敏度分别提高了约11.21%与8.09%,在实际应用中更适用。     

银纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振传感

采用微波法合成银纳米颗粒,通过化学自组装技术将银纳米颗粒吸附在玻璃基片上,制备了银纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体传感器。在纯水中,紫外可见光消光谱表明局域表面等离子体共振位于428nm处。随外界折射率增加,共振峰发生红移,其折射率灵敏度达到173±6nm/RIU。在350oC温度下退火处理后,改变银颗粒在基片上的形貌,峰位发生约65nm的红移,灵敏度下降约20%。理论分析表明,银纳米颗粒形状和基底的相互作用影响折射率传感的波长响应和灵敏度特性。     

基于表面等离子体共振的椭圆侧芯光子晶体光纤传感器研究

设计出一种高灵敏度的新型椭圆侧芯光子晶体光纤传感器模型。圆形孔和3种不同大小椭圆孔构成该椭圆侧芯光子晶体光纤空气孔，其中椭圆孔的椭圆率分别为e、e1、e2，在椭圆率为e的左侧椭圆孔内涂敷金纳米薄膜。通过有限元分析软件COMSOL对传感器的传感特性进行数值分析。研究发现：表面等离子体共振的共振峰对待测液体折射率的变化有很高的传感灵敏度；光子晶体光纤传感器的灵敏度会随着椭圆率e、e1以及金纳米薄膜的厚度而变化。折射率在1.40～1.42范围内，传感器灵敏度随着e1的增大而增大；折射率在1.42～1.43范围内，传感器灵敏度随着e1的增大先减小再增大。当椭圆率e1=1.2、折射率为1.43时，灵敏度高达31800 nm/RIU（折射率单元）。折射率在1.38～1.43范围内，传感器灵敏度随着椭圆率e的增大而增大，当椭圆率e=2.3时，灵敏度高达33200 nm/RIU。折射率在1.42～1.43范围内，传感器灵敏度随着金纳米薄膜厚度的增大而减小，在折射率为1.43、金纳米薄膜厚度为40 nm时，传感器灵敏度高达34600 nm/RIU。     

腰椎放大细芯光纤传感器实现折射率/温度同时测量的研究

根据马赫-曾德尔干涉(MZI)原理,在两段标准单模光纤(SMF)中间腰椎放大熔接长为2cm 的细芯SMF (TCSMF),构成光纤传感器。利用TCSMF的包层模、纤芯模对折射率和温度的灵敏度差异, 通过检测透 射光谱中不同级次的干涉谷的特征波长变化,结合敏感矩阵实现对折射率/温度的双参数同 时测量。实验选取 在1502.54nm波长处干涉谷的折射率和温度的 灵敏度分别为270.5171nm/RIU(其中RIU为折射率单位)和19.3 pm/℃;在1521.64nm波长处干涉谷的折射率灵 敏度为239.510nm/RIU,对温度不敏感。根据 0.01nm波长分 辨率的光谱仪(OSA),本文光纤传感器对折射率和温度的分辨率分别为3.6966×10－5 RIU 和0.518℃,也可以应用于其他参数的 测量,具有良好的应用和发展前景。     

金属膜衬底上亚波长介质光栅结构的特性及传感应用

提出亚波长介质光栅-金属膜-石英玻璃衬底结构,根据等效介质理论该结构可等效为由金属-光栅-包覆层构成的单面金属包覆波导,在入射波长和入射角满足一定条件时,发生导模共振(GMR)从而产生光波全吸收现象。根据严格耦合波分析(RCWA)理论进行数值分析发现,等效波导中的TM1 GMR峰尖锐,并且对光栅包覆层的折射率变化非常敏感,角度灵敏度为127.87°/RIU(RIU为折射率单位),波长灵敏度为409.35 nm/RIU,在很大的折射率范围内线性度良好。与全介质GMR传感器和光栅型表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器相比,该结构通过GMR实现较高灵敏度的同时,其较窄的共振峰使得检测精度更高。     

基于光子晶体波导的折射率传感器的灵敏度优化设计

通过研究波导两侧缺陷处的折射率对二维光子晶体波导透射光谱的影响,提出一种提高折射率传感器灵敏度的方案。计算结果表明光子透射带上边沿的偏移量与传感区折射率的大小存在一定关系,在相同的折射率变化量下通过改变波导两侧缺陷处圆孔的相关几何参数可极大提高光子透射带上边沿的偏移量,即提高折射率传感器的灵敏度。通过优化设计,传感器的灵敏度由折射率变化区间0.0~1.0的55 nm/RIU(RIU表示折射率单元)与1.1~2.0的36 nm/RIU分别提高到对应的405 nm/RIU以及222 nm/RIU。     

基于SPR光谱分析的液体折射率计

为了更好地测量液体折射率，提出了一种基于表面等离子共振波长测量液体折射率的方法，采用Kretschman结构建立了模型，进行了软件仿真，并搭建实验平台进行了实验研究，分析了实验和理论之间的误差来源。结果表明，当折射率在1.33RIU~1.36RIU的范围内变化时，表面等离子共振吸收峰随液体样品折射率的变化产生了频移，其灵敏度可达4808.94nm/RIU。该方法可以准确测量液体的折射率，且系统结构简单，具有较高的灵敏度。     

基于对称平板波导型SPR液体折射率传感特性

表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术在外界环境折射率测量上有着广泛应用。设计了一种对称平板波导结构,利用时域有限差分法对波导结构中SPR效应与外界环境折射率的关系进行数值模拟,对金属材料选择以及传感区域长度进行了优化,并研究了不同阶次的模式对传感器灵敏度的影响。仿真结果表明:当外界环境折射率为1.38时,相较于基模条件下4100 nm/RIU的灵敏度,三阶模传感器的灵敏度提高到6209 nm/RIU,最大灵敏度提高了51%;当外界环境折射率为1.34~1.38时,传感器平均灵敏度从2900 nm/RIU提高到4025 nm/RIU。     

A localized surface plasmon resonance DNA biosensor based on gold nanospheres coated on the tip of the fiber

A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor was prepared with gold nanospheres (AuNSs) coated on the tip face of the optical silica fiber. AuNSs with the sizes of 20 nm and 80 nm were used. The sensitivities of AuNS20 nm and AuNS80 nm modified sensors to bulk refractive index (RI) variation are 82.86 nm/RIU and 218.98 nm/RIU, respectively. The AuNS80 nm modified sensor was used for the detection of 40 bases DNA hybridization and the limit of detection is 50 nmol/L, where the 40-bases DNA probe was covalently linked with AuNS80 nm. The complementary DNA sequence in tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer solution was detected as the target DNA. This fiber sensor has the advantages of small sample consumption, easy fabrication and high sensitivity.     

High-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

In this paper, we propose a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect for simultaneous temperature and refractive index (RI) measurement. The coupling characteristics and sensing performance of the sensor are analyzed using the full vector finite element method (FEM). The sensor provides two channels for independent measurement of RI and temperature. When operating independently, channel I supports y-polarized light with a sensitivity of up to 7 000 nm/RIU for detecting RI, while channel II supports x-polarized light with a sensitivity of up to 16 nm/°C for detecting temperature. Additionally, we investigate the influence of gold layer thickness on the sensing performance to optimize the sensor.     

金纳米球壳结构局域表面等离子体共振调谐特性

理论研究了金纳米球壳结构局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的调谐特性。结果表明,对于固定内径的球壳结构,利用杂化效应使得球壳结构可通过改变其厚度实现LSPR峰位的调控,并可保持较窄的谱宽;而对于不同内径的球壳,在LSPR调控过程中,随壳层厚度与球壳内半径比值的减小,吸收光谱在消光光谱中所占比例增大。不仅如此,利用杂化效应进行偶极峰位调控时所能获得的峰位调控范围与球壳内径有关,内径越大,所能获得的偶极峰位调控范围越大。     

双金属层表面等离子体共振传感器灵敏度优化

为了优化表面等离子体共振传感器的灵敏度,基于薄膜光学理论,分析了银-金双金属层表面等离子体共振传感器的反射率和灵敏度随金属薄膜厚度变化的规律。发现在满足共振角反射率小于1%的条件下,银膜和金膜厚度存在一定的取值范围; 在此厚度范围内,传感器的灵敏度随着金属薄膜（银膜与金膜）厚度的增大而提高,灵敏度增量最大可达5°/RIU。结果表明,在保证一定共振角反射率的前提下,可通过增加双金属层中金属薄膜的厚度提高双金属层表面等离子体共振传感器的灵敏度。     

Temperature and refractive index sensing characteristics of an MZI-based multimode fiber–dispersion compensation fiber–multimode fiber structure

We proposed an optical fiber sensor with simple multimode fiber (MMF)–dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)–multimode fiber structure based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and researched its temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing characteristics. The sensing principle is based on the interference between core and cladding modes of DCF due to the large core diameter mismatch. Spectral analyses demonstrate that the transmission spectrum is mainly formed by the interference between the dominant excited cladding mode and core modes. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor has high temperature sensitivity of 0.118 nm/°C in the range of 20–250 °C and RI sensitivity of 66.32 nm/RIU within the linear sensing range of 1.33–1.39 RIU. Therefore, the characteristics of compact size, low cost, easy fabrication, high sensitivities, and good anti-interference ability make this sensor have extensive application prospects.     

Optimizing the NIR Fluence Threshold for Nanobubble Generation by Controlled Synthesis of 10–40 nm Hollow Gold Nanoshells

The laser fluence to trigger nanobubbles around hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) with near infrared light is examined through systematic modification of HGN size, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), HGN concentration, and surface coverage. Improved temperature control during silver template synthesis provides monodisperse, silver templates as small as 9 nm. 10 nm HGN with <2 nm shell thickness are prepared from these templates with a range of surface plasmon resonances from 600 to 900 nm. The fluence of picosecond near infrared (NIR) pulses to induce transient vapor nanobubbles decreases with HGN size at a fixed LSPR wavelength, unlike solid gold nanoparticles of similar dimensions that require an increased fluence with decreasing size. Nanobubble generation causes the HGN to melt with a blue shift of the LSPR. The nanobubble threshold fluence increases as the irradiation wavelength moves off the nanoshell LSPR. Surface treatment does not influence the threshold fluence. The threshold fluence increases with decreasing HGN concentration, suggesting that light localization through multiple scattering plays a role. The nanobubble threshold to rupture liposomes is four times smaller for 10 nm than for 40 nm HGN at a given LSPR, allowing us to use HGN size, LSPR, laser wavelength and fluence to control nanobubble generation.     

An on-chip localized surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor for label-free monitoring of antigen–antibody reaction

The unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of gold nanoparticles has been used to design a label-free biosensor in a chip format. In this research, a sensitive and low-cost microfluidic integrated LSPR-based biosensor is developed. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized in solution and immobilized on quartz substrates by a silane layer as molecular glue. The gold nanoparticle-coated substrate was further integrated with a microfluidic chip. An automated sample introduction system was developed to perform a variety of processes including sample loading, chip washing and sample change. A refractive index resolution of 1 × 10⁻⁴ RIU (refractive index unit) was demonstrated by using the on-chip biosensor combined with the automated sampling system. This developed microfluidic integrated system is capable of transporting a specific amount of bio-samples into the sensing chambers to achieve sensitive and specific biosensing with decreased reaction time and less reagent consuming. Proof-of-concept detection of antigen/antibody (biotin/anti-biotin) binding was performed and was quantitatively detected.     

金纳米颗粒增强富硅氮化硅发光特性的研究

采用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,对Au纳米颗粒的尺寸和形貌对于其光学特性的影响进行了系统的理论研究。通过采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)、晶化处理、电子束蒸发和高温退火等工艺,制备基于局域表面等离子共振(LSPR)效应的富硅氮化硅发光芯片。利用拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、奥林巴斯显微镜等对不同结构Au纳米颗粒富硅氮化硅发光器件的特性进行了表征。研究表明,通过对Au纳米颗粒的大小、形状和分布合理优化,富硅氮化硅芯片的发光强度在570nm波长附近提升了7倍,增强峰的位置红移了10nm。